《大学英语翻译》课程授课教案（英译汉）Unit 7 Passive Voice

Unit7 Passive Voice 基本内容： 教学内容(120分钟 教学方法与设计思想 Review of the previous Restructuring of讨论新单元内容前抽查 unit customary phrases and homework情况和所布置 10分钟 sentence structures; 内容的自学情况。 Restructuring of simple. coordinate and compound entences, Restructuring of othe types of sentences. 7.1Different frequency of The following example 从本节所举的例子可以 usage in English and illustrates the fact the 看出，英语句中有13个 Chinese passive voice is much 被动语态结构，而汉语译 15分钟 more frequently used in 文中则用11个主动语态 English than in Chinese 结构和2个“把”自结构 As oil is found deep in the 和使动结构替换了英语 ground its presence 中的被动语态结构，可见 cannot be determined by 英语中被动语态的使用 a study of the surface 频率远高于汉语。因受西 Consequently. 方语言的影响，现代汉语 geological survey of the的被动语态结构在科技 underground rock 文体和其他正式文体中 structure must be carried 有一定程度的使用。 out.If it is thought tha the rocks in a certain area ontain oil,a "drilling rig"is assembled.The

Unit 7 Passive Voice 基本内容： 教学内容 （120 分钟） 教学方法与设计思想 Review of the previous unit 10 分钟 Restructuring of customary phrases and sentence structures; Restructuring of simple, coordinate and compound sentences; Restructuring of other types of sentences. 讨论新单元内容前抽查 homework 情况和所布置 内容的自学情况。 7.1 Different frequency of usage in English and Chinese 15 分钟 The following example illustrates the fact the passive voice is much more frequently used in English than in Chinese: As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a "drilling rig" is assembled. The 从本节所举的例子可以 看出，英语句中有 13 个 被动语态结构，而汉语译 文中则用 11 个主动语态 结构和 2 个“把”自结构 和使动结构替换了英语 中的被动语态结构，可见 英语中被动语态的使用 频率远高于汉语。因受西 方语言的影响，现代汉语 的被动语态结构在科技 文体和其他正式文体中 有一定程度的使用

most obvious part of a drilling rig is called "a derrick".It is used to lift sections of pipe,which are lowered into the hole made by the drill.As the hole is being drilled.a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in.If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves 由于石油深埋地下，靠研 究地面，不能确定石油的 有无。因此对地下岩层结 构必须进行地质探测。如 果认为某地区的岩层含 石油，则在该处安装钻 机”。钻机中最显眼的部 件叫井架”。井架用来吊 升分节油管，把油管放入 由钻头打出的孔中。当孔 钻成时，放入钢管防止孔 壁坍塌。如发现石油，则 在油管项部紧固地加盖， 使石油酒过一系列阀门 流出。(11 active voice

most obvious part of a drilling rig is called "a derrick". It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves. 由于石油深埋地下，靠研 究地面，不能确定石油的 有无。因此对地下岩层结 构必须进行地质探测。如 果认为某地区的岩层含 石油，则在该处安装“钻 机”。钻机中最显眼的部 件叫“井架”。井架用来吊 升分节油管，把油管放入 由钻头打出的孔中。当孔 钻成时，放入钢管防止孔 壁坍塌。如发现石油，则 在油管顶部紧固地加盖， 使石油通过一系列阀门 流出。(11 active voice

structures,2"把.、 使."”structures) 7.2 Passive voice Examples: 汉语自古就少用被动语 structures often used他被打了。 态，偶尔用之，也只用于 negatively in Chinese 他被捕了。 贬义情形，如杜甫的“茅 15分钟 他被老板炒了鱿鱼。 屋为秋风所破歌”，现代 Compare: 汉语的被动语态结构用 他得胜了。 于贬义情形仍较多，如 他获奖了。 “他被骗了”等。 Used both positively and negatively in English: He was praised/criticized He was cheated (apprec.) /applauded (derog.)by the audience. He was fired/assigned a new post. 7.3 Static sentences vs. Passive voice structure action in passive voice in English can indicate an 25分钟 action or state,but they only indicate an action in Chinese: The glass is broken (static,passive) 玻璃杯破了。(static active voice) The glass was broken by my brother. (action. passive) 玻璃杯被我弟弟打破了

structures, 2 " 把 . 、 使.”structures) 7.2 Passive voice structures often used negatively in Chinese 15 分钟 Examples: 他被打了。 他被捕了。 他被老板炒了鱿鱼。 Compare: 他得胜了。 他获奖了。 Used both positively and negatively in English: He was praised/criticized. He was cheated (apprec.) /applauded (derog.) by the audience. He was fired/assigned a new post. 汉语自古就少用被动语 态，偶尔用之，也只用于 贬义情形，如杜甫的“茅 屋为秋风所破歌”，现代 汉语的被动语态结构用 于贬义情形仍较多，如 “他被骗了”等。 7.3 Static sentences vs. action in passive voice 25 分钟 Passive voice structures in English can indicate an action or state, but they only indicate an action in Chinese: The glass is broken. (static, passive) 玻璃杯破了。 (static, active voice) The glass was broken by my brother. (action, passive) 玻璃杯被我弟弟打破了

(action,passive voice) 7.4 Functions of passive ●No need to mention 学生在学习语法时，专章 voice the subject 学过被动语态的功能和 20分钟 SARS is said to be causec 用法等，这里从翻译的角 by a member of the 度加以较系统的讨论，每 coronvirus. 点后以例子说明。 ●Unwilling to mention the subject But real influence is not built up by (whose?) striking attitudes or by throwing insults. 真正的影响不是靠装腔 作势的姿态来取得的，也 不是靠大声辱骂来取得 的。（有所指，不明言） ●No way to determine the subject Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market. 许多人要求建立一个阿 拉伯共同市场。 ●Forcoherence John was a lawyer's son and was destined to the bar.(from same perspective)

(action, passive voice) 7.4 Functions of passive voice 20 分钟 ⚫ No need to mention the subject SARS is said to be caused by a member of the coronvirus. ⚫ Unwilling to mention the subject But real influence is not built up by (whose?) striking attitudes or by throwing insults. 真正的影响不是靠装腔 作势的姿态来取得的，也 不是靠大声辱骂来取得 的。（有所指，不明言） ⚫ No way to determine the subject Many voices have been raised demanding the setting up of an Arab common market. 许多人要求建立一个阿 拉伯共同市场。 ⚫ For coherence John was a lawyer's son and was destined to the bar. (from same perspective) 学生在学习语法时，专章 学过被动语态的功能和 用法等，这里从翻译的角 度加以较系统的讨论，每 点后以例子说明

约翰是律师的儿子，注定 要当律师。 ●For emphasis The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. 这三台机器可以由一人 单独操作。 7.5Translation techniques 7.5.1 Original order 下面列举常用的被动语 30分钟 ●Use Chinese passive: 态的翻译方法，最常见的 markers like"被、受 是将被动语态结构转换 经、由"and others. 为汉语的主动语态结构 All his belongings were washed away by the flood. 他的一切家当都被洪水 冲走了。 They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到了热烈欢迎。 ●Chinese"是.的 structure (emphatic tone) Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。 7.5.2 Conversion of sentence components ●Original subject to

约翰是律师的儿子，注定 要当律师。 ⚫ For emphasis The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. 这三台机器可以由一人 单独操作。 7.5 Translation techniques 30 分钟 7.5.1 Original order ⚫ Use Chinese passive markers like "被、受、 经、由" and others. All his belongings were washed away by the flood. 他的一切家当都被洪水 冲走了。 They were given a hearty welcome. 他们受到了热烈欢迎。 ⚫ Chinese " 是 . 的 " structure (emphatic tone) Such books are written for children. 这种书是为儿童写的。 7.5.2 Conversion of sentence components ⚫ Original subject to 下面列举常用的被动语 态的翻译方法，最常见的 是将被动语态结构转换 为汉语的主动语态结构

object Mr.Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. (人们)不能阻止比林期 先生实行他的计划。 Subject and predicate verb combined into the Chinese"连动结 构"，forming Chinese "无主句” Care is to be taken to remove all impurities. 要注意除去所有杂质」 ●Other components as subjects Communication satellites are used for intemational live transmission throughout the world. 全世界都将通过卫星来 进行国际间的实况转播 (adverbial) 7.5.3 Passive converted to active ●Original performer of action as subject By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization,but

object Mr. Billings cannot be deterred from his plan. (人们)不能阻止比林斯 先生实行他的计划。 ⚫ Subject and predicate verb combined into the Chinese "连动结 构", forming Chinese "无主句" Care is to be taken to remove all impurities. 要注意除去所有杂质。 ⚫ Other components as subjects Communication satellites are used for international live transmission throughout the world. 全世界都将通过卫星来 进行国际间的实况转播。 (adverbial) 7.5.3 Passive converted to active ⚫ Original performer of action as subject By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by the organization, but . .

大战结束时，这个组织拯 救了八百人，但是. ●Addition of a general/vague subject or Chinese"无主句 if without the original performer A film of oil is inserted between the sliding surfaces of a bearing. 轴承的滑动面之间上了 薄薄的一层油。("无主句 7.5.4 Some commor patterns It is supposed that据 推测 It is asserted that.有人 主张 See more examples in the ppt lecture notes. Homework The students are asked to 5分钟 translate a passage into Chinese which is formal and contains quite a few passive voice structures

大战结束时，这个组织拯 救了八百人，但是. ⚫ Addition of a general/vague subject or Chinese "无主句" if without the original performer A film of oil is inserted between the sliding surfaces of a bearing. 轴承的滑动面之间上了 薄薄的一层油。("无主句 ") 7.5.4 Some common patterns It is supposed that . 据 推测 It is asserted that . 有人 主张 See more examples in the ppt lecture notes. Homework 5 分钟 The students are asked to translate a passage into Chinese which is formal and contains quite a few passive voice structures