《翻译理论与实践》课程PPT教学课件（汉英翻译）第八章 词语基础译法综述（1/2）

词语基本译法综述认真辩析词义适当选词用词词义轻重TnE语体级别人物身份语境尽量保留民族特色传统文化中的词汇（二）改革开放中出现的词汇三、词类转换与词语的增减

词语基本译法综述  认真辨析词义  一、适当选词用词  (一) 词义轻重  (二) 语体级别  (三) 人物身份  (四) 语境  二、尽量保留民族特色  （一）传统文化中的词汇  （二）改革开放中出现的词汇  三、词类转换与词语的增减

认真辨析词义：词无定义。字面意思，字里行间的含义（readbetween,beyond andbehind lines（1）我母亲笑着替他解释道：“他说话挺会绕弯子”Hearing this,my mother smiled and defendedhim, saying,"He is ingenious enough to keepyouguessing."(commendatory)talks in a roundabout way,know howtobeat aroundthebush."(derogatory term)（2）请神容易送神难It is easier to call upon an evil spirit than tosend it away. (god - commendatory; devil-derogatory)

认真辨析词义: 词无定义。字面意思，字里行间的含义（read between, beyond and behind lines）  (1) 我母亲笑着替他解释道：“他说话挺会绕 弯子” 。  Hearing this, my mother smiled and defended him, saying, “He is ingenious enough to keep you guessing.” (commendatory)  l talks in a roundabout way , know how to beat around the bush.” (derogatory term)  （2）请神容易送神难。  It is easier to call upon an evil spirit than to send it away. (god – commendatory; devil— derogatory)

适当选词用词Properwords inproperplaces词义轻重（thedegree ofseriousness用词的分量（1）这就是大名鼎鼎的历史学家范先生。ThisisMr.Fan,thehistorian无需用：noted,famous,well-known,great等质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后君子

适当选词用词Proper words in proper places  词义轻重（the degree of seriousness）  用词的分量  （1）这就是大名鼎鼎的历史学家范先生。  This is Mr. Fan, the historian.  无需用：noted, famous, well-known, great等  质胜文则野，文胜质则史。文质彬彬，然后 君子

Whenhonestyoverbalancesrefinement[言谈，举止等的）文雅，精巧l，crudenessresults.Whenrefinementoverbalanceshonesty,thereeissuperficiality only when refinement and honestyare duly balanced will Great Man emerge（1）他一副文质彬彬的样子Heis gentle and courteous变化：由重到轻

 When honesty overbalances refinement [(言谈, 举 止等的)文 雅, 精巧], crudeness results. When refinement overbalances honesty, there is superficiality only when refinement and honesty are duly balanced will Great Man emerge.   （1）他一副文质彬彬的样子。  He is gentle and courteous.  变化：由重到轻

语体级别intimate,casual,consultative,formal,frozen（1）该惯犯向警察投掷了一颗催泪弹，借机携款潜逃。Immediately after throwing a tear-gas grenade atthe policemen, the recidivist absconded with themoney.（2）那个老手朝警察扔了一颗催泪弹，就掖起搞来的东西溜了。The old one chucked atear bomb at the cops andthen did a bunk withthe loot

语体级别  intimate, casual, consultative, formal, frozen  （1）该惯犯向警察投掷了一颗催泪弹，借机携款 潜逃。  Immediately after throwing a tear-gas grenade at the policemen, the recidivist absconded with the money.  （2）那个老手朝警察扔了一颗催泪弹，就掖起搞 来的东西溜了。  The old one chucked a tear bomb at the cops and then did a bunk with the loot

人物身份：避免千人一腔。忽见东府几个人慌慌张张跑来，说：“老爷宾天了！”众人听了，吓了一跳，忙都说：“好好的并无疾病，这么就没了。1)Agroup of servants from theNingpo mansioncame rushing up in a state of great agitation. "SirJingisdead."“Dead?"Everyone hearing them was incredulous“But he hadn't been ill.How can he have died sosuddenly?

人物身份:避免千人一腔。  忽见东府几个人慌慌张张跑来，说：“老爷宾天 了！”众人听了，吓了一跳，忙都说：“好好的并 无疾病，这么就没了。 ”  1）A group of servants from the Ningpo mansion came rushing up in a state of great agitation. “Sir Jing is dead.”  “Dead?” Everyone hearing them was incredulous.  “But he hadn’t been ill. How can he have died so suddenly?

2)When some servants from the Eastern“TheMansion came rushing up frantically,old master's ascended to heaven!"theyannouncedEverybodywas consternated“He wasn't even ill, how could he pass awaysosuddenly?"Theyexclaimed反映说话者的卑微

 2) When some servants from the Eastern Mansion came rushing up frantically, “The old master’s ascended to heaven!” they announced.  Everybody was consternated.  “He wasn’t even ill, how could he pass away so suddenly?” They exclaimed.  反映说话者的卑微

尽量保留民族特色传统文化中的词汇直译literaltranslation（1）烧纸sacrificialpaper（2）龙舟dragonboat（3）燕窝bird'snest

尽量保留民族特色  传统文化中的词汇  直译literal translation  （1）烧纸sacrificial paper  （2）龙舟dragon boat  （3）燕窝bird’s nest

肝火fireintheliver（1）月（2）诊脉feelthepatient'spulse（3）祛寒祛暑expelcoldandheat（4）脉弦pulsesandtense（5）涵养心脾strengthen the heart andspleen

 （1）肝火fire in the liver  （2）诊脉feel the patient’s pulse  （3）祛寒祛暑expel cold and heat  （4）脉弦pulses and tense  （5）涵养心脾strengthen the heart and spleen 

音译[transliteration]衙门yamen1）2磕头kowtow0杂碎chop-suey(4)旗袍cheongsam(5)饺子jiaozi福

音译[transliteration]  (1) 衙门yamen  (2) 磕头 kowtow  (3) 杂碎chop-suey  (4) 旗袍 cheongsam  (5) 饺子jiaozi