《翻译理论与实践》课程PPT教学课件（汉英翻译）第五章 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译（1/3）

第五章文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译第一节文法与翻译下面句子的误译，或汉语式英语，就是不顾英文文法，硬套中文文法造成的，请试改成语法正确、合乎习惯的英文

• Your Sub Point 第五章 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译 第一节 文法与翻译 下面句子的误译，或汉语式英语，就是不 顾英文文法，硬套中文文法造成的，请试 改成语法正确、合乎习惯的英文

改错她和一个百万富翁的女儿结了婚，Hemarried with the daughter of amillionaire.借你的电话用用好吗？（不符合习惯）MayIborrowyourtelephone?坐在花园的篱笛上，一个黄蜂刺了我一下。Sitting on a fence in my garden, a wasp stungme.聚也不易，散也不易。Togatherisnoteasy,toleaveisnoteasy,either

改错 • 她和一个百万富翁的女儿结了婚。 • He married with the daughter of a millionaire. • 借你的电话用用好吗？（不符合习惯） • May I borrow your telephone? • 坐在花园的篱笆上，一个黄蜂刺了我一下。 • Sitting on a fence in my garden, a wasp stung me. • 聚也不易，散也不易。 • To gather is not easy, to leave is not • easy, either

饭前洗手，睡前洗脚。Wash hands before meals and wash feet when going tobed.她一把抓住我的手。She caught my hand我怀疑真有这事。I doubt that it is true. /I suspect whether it is true.骄傲不好，会使你失去群众。（不符合习惯）To be proud is not good for you; it will cause you to losepeople.7

饭前洗手，睡前洗脚。 Wash hands before meals and wash feet when going to bed. 她一把抓住我的手。 She caught my hand. 我怀疑真有这事。 I doubt that it is true. /I suspect whether it is true. 骄傲不好，会使你失去群众。(不符合习惯) To be proud is not good for you; it will cause you to lose people

她和一个百万富翁的女儿结了婚。He married the daughter of a millionaire.借你的电话用用好吗？（不符合习惯）May I use your telephone?坐在花园的篱笛上，一个黄蜂刺了我一下。Sitting on a fence in my garden, I was stungby a wasp.聚也不易，散也不易。It is not easy to gather, nor is it to leaveeach other.饭前洗手，睡前洗脚。7Wash your hands before meals and your feetbefore going to bed

• 她和一个百万富翁的女儿结了婚。 • He married the daughter of a millionaire. • 借你的电话用用好吗？（不符合习惯） • May I use your telephone? • 坐在花园的篱笆上，一个黄蜂刺了我一下。 • Sitting on a fence in my garden, I was stung by a wasp. • 聚也不易，散也不易。 • It is not easy to gather, nor is it to leave each other. • 饭前洗手，睡前洗脚。 • Wash your hands before meals and your feet before going to bed

她一把抓住我的手。一She caught me by the hand.我怀疑真有这事。I doubt whetheritis true./I suspectthat it might be true.骄傲不好，会使你失去群众。（不符合习惯）It is not good to beproud;it willdeprive you of the trust of thepeople

• 她一把抓住我的手。 • She caught me by the hand. • 我怀疑真有这事。 • I doubt whether it is true. /I suspect that it might be true. • 骄傲不好，会使你失去群众。(不符合习惯) • It is not good to be proud; it will deprive you of the trust of the people

汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation第二节逻辑与翻译、思维逻辑与语言逻辑第二节逻辑与翻译一、思维逻辑与语言逻辑比较下面事物的汉英表达法，他们反映出汉英不同的思维和语言逻辑：免费入场entrancefree双杠 parallelbars座钟 standingclock挂钟wallclock看病to seeadoctor自学toteachoneself太平门 emergencyexit教练车studentdriver友英翻译田翠茶

第二节 逻辑与翻译 • 一、思维逻辑与语言逻辑 • 第二节逻辑与翻译 • 一、思维逻辑与语言逻辑 • 比较下面事物的汉英表达法，他们反映出汉英不同的思维和语言 逻辑： • 免费入场 entrance free • 双杠 parallel bars • 座钟 standing clock • 挂钟 wall clock • 看病 to see a doctor • 自学 to teach oneself • 太平门 emergency exit • 教练车 student driver

九五折 5 percent discount母细胞parent cell子细胞 daughter cell非婚生子女 children born out ofwedlock（结婚生活）东西南北 north and southeast andwest径项目 track and field events寡a widowand widower少年 children and/or youths不论晴雨 rain or shine钢铁厂：ironandsteelplant

• 九五折 5 percent discount • 母细胞 parent cell • 子细胞 daughter cell • 非婚生子女 children born out of wedlock（结婚生活） • 东西南北 north and south east and west • 田径项目 track and field events • 鳏寡 a widow and widower • 青少年 children and/or youths • 不论晴雨 rain or shine • 钢铁厂 ：iron and steel plant

汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation二、逻辑与语法：·这就为我们的文化交流开辟了更为自觉、更为广阔的前景。: This policy opens up much broaderprospects for the international culturalexchange.译文了略去了“自觉self-conscious”，因为它在逻辑上无法与prospect搭配。汉英翻译田翠茶

二、逻辑与语法： • 这就为我们的文化交流开辟了更为自觉、更为 广阔的前景。 • This policy opens up much broader prospects for the international cultural exchange. • 译文了略去了“自觉self-conscious”，因为 它在逻辑上无法与prospect搭配。 •

汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation三、逻辑与行文·车又停了，妇女千恩万谢地下了车。Whenthe bus stopped again, she rose, offereda thousand thanks to her newly-foundfriends, and slipped out of the bus.，我喜欢我才干呢。IdoitbecauseIlikeit·温度升高，水的体积就增大。Asthetemperature increases, the volume ofwater becomes greater.友英翻译田翠茶

三、逻辑与行文 • 车又停了， 妇女千恩万谢地下了车。When the bus stopped again, she rose, offered a thousand thanks to her newly-found friends, and slipped out of the bus. • 我喜欢我才干呢。I do it because I like it. • 温度升高，水的体积就增大。As the temperature increases, the volume of water becomes greater

汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation四、正反表达法翻译过程中的逻辑还表现为正反表达的方式，即原文正面表达的意思在译文里可以发面的字苟表送（发乏然），意崽不变，宜锋文合乎习惯。例如：这个问题我不懂。This problem is above me.2.你不该做那件事。You ought to know better than to do that sort of thing有志者事竞成。Nothingis impossible toa willing heart.智者千虑必有一失。There is none so wise but heis foolishat some time.对于汉译英你越是仔细越好。You canneverbetoocareful aboutChinese-Englishtranslation.她来得正是时候。Shecouldn'thavecomeatbettertime.友英翻译田翠茶

四、正反表达法 • 翻译过程中的逻辑还表现为正反表达的方式，即原文正面表达的意思在译文里可 以反面的字句表达（反之亦然），意思不变，且译文合乎习惯。例如： • 这个问题我不懂。 • This problem is above me. • 2. 你不该做那件事。 • You ought to know better than to do that sort of thing. • 有志者事竟成。 • Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. • 智者千虑必有一失。 • There is none so wise but he is foolish at some time. • 对于汉译英你越是仔细越好。 • You can never be too careful about Chinese-English translation. • 她来得正是时候。 • She couldn’t have come at better time