《翻译理论与实践》课程PPT教学课件（汉英翻译）第四章 汉英文化对比与汉英翻译（1/2）

第一节汉英文化的比较第四章汉英文化比较与翻译1.价值观念有别2.家族观念各异3.思维方式不同4.生活方式差异

第四章汉英 文化比较与 翻译 第一节汉英文化的比较 1.价值观念有别 2. 家族观念各异 3. 思维方式不同 4. 生活方式差异

第二节翻译中的词汇空缺GapTralation1.词汇空缺(LexicalGap)例1：况且这通身的气派竟不象老祖宗的外孙女儿儿，竟是嫡亲孙女儿似的（《红楼梦》第三回）David Hawkes:And everything about her so distingue! Shedoesn't takeafter your side of the familyGrannie,she-ismorelikea Jia

第二节翻译中的词汇空缺 Gaps in Translation 1. 词汇空缺 （Lexical Gap) 例1： 况且这通身的气派竟不象老祖宗的外孙 女儿儿，竟是嫡亲孙女儿似的。 （《红楼梦》第三回） David Hawkes: And everything about her so distingue! She doesn't take after your side of the family, Grannie, she is more like a Jia

第二节翻译中的词汇空缺Gap&Tro1. Her whole air is so distinguished!She doesn't take after her father,son-in-law of our old Ancestress,butlooksmore likea Chia例2：我属鸡。我从来不吃鸡。鸡年是我的本命年

第二节翻译中的词汇空缺 Gaps in Translation 1. Her whole air is so distinguished! She doesn't take after her father, son-in-law of our old Ancestress, but looks more like a Chia. 例2：我属鸡。我从来不吃鸡。鸡年是我的本 命年

I was born in the year of the Rooster*.never eat chicken. The year of the Rooster*will bring me good luck or bad luck.12*Chinesepeopletraditionallyuseanimals, representing the 12 EarthlyBranches, to symbolize the year in which aperson is born. Spring Festival 1993, forexample,is the first day of the Year of theRooster. People born in this year have therooster as their life symbol. All other Xearsof therooster , accordingto an oldChinese saying,become whether good-or-bad-luckyearsforthem

I was born in the year of the Rooster*. I never eat chicken. The year of the Rooster* will bring me good luck or bad luck. *Chinese people traditionally use 12 animals, representing the 12 Earthly Branches, to symbolize the year in which a person is born. Spring Festival 1993, for example, is the first day of the Year of the Rooster. People born in this year have the rooster as their life symbol. All other years of the rooster , according to an old Chinese saying, become whether good-or￾bad-luck years for them

U翻译策略：策略：“释义法”、“变换角度、加注法Translation第三节翻译中的语义i联想（semanticassociation）

第三节 翻译中的语义l联想（semantic association) 翻译策略：策略：“释义法”、“变换角度、加注法

例如：人家是醋罐子，他是醋缸，醋瓮！（《红楼梦》第65回）David Hawkes:They calljealouspeoplevinegar bottles,don't they?Well,she's not justa bottle of vinegar,sheis storage-jar -.-awhole cistern---full of it.杨：Ifotherwomen arejealous,she'shundredtimesso策略：归化与异化

例如：人家是醋罐子，他是醋缸，醋瓮！ （《红楼梦》第65回） David Hawkes: They call jealous people vinegar bottles, don’t they? Well, she’s not just a bottle of vinegar, she is storage-jar - a whole cistern- full of it. 杨：If other women are jealous, she’s hundred times so. 策略：归化与异化

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其语用意义却不同，请试作说明1.打草惊蛇-----beat about the bush(Don't---[not tolapproach a subject without coming to thepoint,trytosay somethingindirectly.旁敲侧击）to alert the enemy by rash or accidental events beforecarrying out the planned attack12.亡羊补牢----lock the stable door after the horse hasbeenstolen（为时晚矣）（take precautions when it is too late）为时不晚：to repairthe stable aftera sheep is gone--still in time to avoid furtherlosses

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其 语用意义却不同，请试作说明 1．打草惊蛇-beat about the bush 12. 亡羊补牢-lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen (Don’t-[not to]approach a subject without coming to the point, try to say something indirectly. 旁敲侧击) to alert the enemy by rash or accidental events before carrying out the planned attack （为时晚矣）（take precautions when it is too late） 为时不晚：to repair the stable after a sheep is gone- still in time to avoid further losses

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其语用意义却不同，请试作说明3.骨在喉---tohaveaboneinone'sthroat（(toavoid making one's opinionknown难于启齿）不吐不快：haveanopinionthatonecannotsuppress.4.4同舟共济---tobeinthesameboatC(to be in the same difficult situation or dangers.处境相同，面临同样的危险）团结协作，共度难关：to cooperate andhelp eachother in order to ride out a difficulty

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其 语用意义却不同，请试作说明 3. 骨鲠在喉-to have a bone in one ’ s throat 4. 4 同舟共济-to be in the same boat ((to avoid making one ’ s opinion known难于启齿) 不吐不快：have an opinion that one cannot suppress. （(to be in the same difficult situation or dangers. 处境 相同，面临同样的危险) 团结协作，共度难关：to cooperate and help each other in order to ride out a difficulty

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其语用意义却不同，请试作说明怒发冲冠---to make one's hair stand on end（(fillonewithfightorhorror，毛骨悚然）bristle with anger, to fly into a rage, to be in violentanger1.1.救命稻草---thelast strawC(the latest of a series of unpleasant events whichmakes you feel that you cannot tolerate a situation anylonger令人忍无可忍的事a strawto clutch at (to catch at a straw)

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其 语用意义却不同，请试作说明 1．怒发冲冠-to make one ’ s hair stand on end 1．1．救命稻草-the last straw ((fill one with fight or horror; 毛骨悚然) bristle with anger, to fly into a rage, to be in violent anger （(the latest of a series of unpleasant events which makes you feel that you cannot tolerate a situation any longer令人忍无可忍的事 a straw to clutch at (to catch at a straw)

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其语用意义却不同，请试作说明11.翻天覆地---tomoveheavenandearth(doone'sutmost全力以赴）epoch-making,earth-shaking1.属犬吠日---tobarkatthemoon(tomakefruitlessefforts空曦，徒劳）to make a fuss about something that one alone findsstrange，uncalled(不必要的，多此一举的）for alarm（惊慌）or excitement out of sheer ignorance

下列汉英成语具有相似的概念意义，其 语用意义却不同，请试作说明 11．翻天覆地-to move heaven and earth 1．属犬吠日-to bark at the moon (do one ’ s utmost全力以赴) epoch-making, earth-shaking (to make fruitless efforts空嚷，徒劳) to make a fuss about something that one alone finds strange, uncalled(不必要的 ，多此一举的) for alarm （惊慌） or excitement out of sheer ignorance