《翻译理论与实践》课程PPT教学课件（汉英翻译）第五章 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译（2/3）

Chapter Five Section FourTranslation ofWords＊I汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译Ⅱ汉语中同义词反义词与翻译川汉语中数词与量词的翻译*￥Ⅲ文言虚词的翻译

I 汉语中多义词、歧义词的 翻译 III 汉语中数词与量词的翻译 II 汉语中同义词反义词与翻 译 III 文言虚词的翻译 Translation of Words

汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译“词本无义，义随人生”、多义词的处理（一）上下文1、上下文与词义的选择发货：deliver goods-234发传单distribute leaflets发光发热emitlightandheat发电generateelectricity发烧haveafever5

I 汉语中多义词、歧义词的翻译 “词本无义，义随人生” 。 一、多义词的处理 （一）上下文 1．上下文与词义的选择 1) 发货: deliver goods 2) 发传单 distribute leaflets 3) 发光发热 emit light and heat 4) 发电 generate electricity 5) 发烧 have a fever

意见1)两位领导人就双The two leaders exchanged views on边关系及共同bilateral relations and issues of common关心的问题交concern.换了意见.。Aparty member should listen2党员应该虚心倾carefully to the opinions of the听群众的意见。masses3）大家对你很有Peoplehavealotof意见。complaints about you.4)他们在会上闹起They got into disputes at the了意见。meeting

1)两位领导人就双 边关系及共同 关心的问题交 换了意见.。 2)党员应该虚心倾 听群众的意见。 3)大家对你很有 意见。 4)他们在会上闹起 了意见。 The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. A party member should listen carefully to the opinions of the masses People have a lot of complaints about you. They got into disputes at the meeting. 意见

2.上下文与词义的褒贬1)他热裹于个人名He is always hankering after personal利。fame and gain.2）她热裹于花样She is fond of figure skating滑冰。Neither money nor pretty women, still less3）金钱，美女，城市的the pleasures of city life, lured him away繁华生活，都没有from immerging himself in scientific studies使他动心，他仍旧埋头科学研究

1)他热衷于个人名 利。 2) 她热衷于花样 滑冰。 3) 金钱，美女，城市的 繁华生活，都没有 使他动心，他仍旧 埋头科学研究。 He is always hankering after personal fame and gain. She is fond of figure skating. Neither money nor pretty women, still less the pleasures of city life, lured him away from immerging himself in scientific studies. 2. 上下文与词义的褒贬

3.上下文与词义的广狭：汉语：整体思维，多：类名词：英语：少类名词，如：skin，bark，hide,cover.汉语用类名词表示类的一部分。1）出入下车。No cycling at the gateCyclists please dismount.2）吃完饭把桌子收Clear the table after dinner拾了

1)出入下车。 2)吃完饭把桌子收 拾了。 。 No cycling at the gate. Cyclists please dismount. Clear the table after dinner 3.上下文与词义的广狭: 汉语：整体思维，多：类名词；英语：少类 名词，如：skin, bark, hide, cover. 汉语用类名词表示类的一部分

（二）搭配1）我看出了他的心事.。I could read his thoughts2）他看出了她破He spotted her weak points绽。1.Whether we'll do the3）明天是不是打threshingtomorrow will场得看天气depend on the weather.4她看出了苗头She smelt a rat

1)我看出了他的心 事 .。 2)他看出了她破 绽 。 3)明天是不是打 场得看天气 。 4)她看出了苗头 。 I could read his thoughts He spotted her weak points 1． Whether we’ll do the threshing tomorrow will depend on the weather. . She smelt a rat . （二）搭配

歧义词（一）古今含义不同的词贾政笑道：“不当过奖他。他年“No exaggerated praise,if you please,or小的人，不过the boy will get notions about his bit of以一知充十用knowledge. Better laugh at him; it取笑罢了。would be more beneficial to him"objected Chia Cheng,smiling.(Florenand Isable Mchugh).You mustn't flatter the boy,protested Chia Cheng with a smile"He's simply making a ridiculousparade of his very limitedknowledge

贾政笑道：“不当 过奖他。他年 小的人，不过 以一知充十用， 取笑罢了。” “No exaggerated praise, if you please, or the boy will get notions about his bit of knowledge. Better laugh at him; it would be more beneficial to him”, objected Chia Cheng, smiling. (Floren and Isable Mchugh). You mustn’t flatter the boy”, protested Chia Cheng with a smile. “He’s simply making a ridiculous parade of his very limited knowledge”. 二、歧义词 （一）古今含义不同的词

汉英翻译Chinese-English Translation女子要求男的具有男子气，而男子则要求女方贤惠，温柔，善于操持家务。Women expect manly men, and menlookfor virtuous, warm and tender-heartedwomen, capable of housekeeping.Womenfavour manly men, and men expectthe kind of women who are considerateand broad-minded, gentle and sofe andcapable of housekeeping.汉英翻译田翠茶

⚫ 女子要求男的具有男子气，而男子则要 求女方贤惠，温柔，善于操持家务。 Women expect manly men, and men look for virtuous, warm and tender-hearted women, capable of housekeeping. Women favour manly men, and men expect the kind of women who are considerate and broad-minded, gentle and sofe and capable of housekeeping

（二）一物多称Fortunately he had two old friends herewhoknew thattheSalt Commissioner.偶遇两个旧友，was looking for a guest from the west.认得新盐政知他正要请一Upon their recommendation Yu Cun西席教训女儿was given the post, which provided the遂将雨村请进security heneeded.衙门去

.偶遇两个旧友， 认得新盐政， 知他正要请一 西席教训女儿， 遂将雨村请进 衙门去.。 Fortunately, he had two old friends here who knew that the Salt Commissioner was looking for a guest from the west. Upon their recommendation Yu Cun was given the post, which provided the security he needed. (二) 一物多称

（三）同形异义词（isomorphicwordswithdifferentmeanings）1)妻子好和，如鼓“LivingIt is said in The Book of Songs:瑟琴affectionately with one's wife and children islike playing musical instruments harmoniously2）羚寡孤独废疾者Helpless widows and widowers,皆有所养。thelonely, as well as the sick anddisabled, are well cared forWidowers, widows,orphans, childless oldpeople, the physically handicapped and thesick should all be properly taken care of.The Eight Virtues embrace loyalty, filial3）八德指的是“忠孝仁爱信义和piety, benevolence, love, faith, justice,平harmony and peace

1)妻子好和，如鼓 瑟琴 2)矜寡孤独废疾者 皆有所养。 3)八德指的是“忠 孝仁爱信义和 平 It is said in The Book of Songs： “Living affectionately with one’s wife and children is like playing musical instruments harmoniously. Helpless widows and widowers, the lonely, as well as the sick and disabled, are well cared for. Widowers, widows, orphans, childless old people, the physically handicapped and the sick should all be properly taken care of. The Eight Virtues embrace loyalty, filial piety, benevolence, love, faith, justice, harmony and peace. (三）同形异义词（isomorphic words with different meanings）