《大学英语》课程作业习题（含答案）第一章练习

Exercise OneL Answer thefollowing questions.1.InnationH,theopportunitycostof tables is5chairs,while in nationB,the opportunitycost oftables is only1 chair.Which country should produce tables,and which country should producechair?2.What are the reasons of international trade? Name at least four reasons1)2) ,3) ,4) ,5)6)3.Whataretheprinciplesofcomparativeadvantage?4.What arethebenefitsof international trade?Can you list a fewexamples fromyourdailylife?II. Fillin theblanks with the appropriateterms from the text.1.Acountryhasa(n) over another in the production of a good if it can produce itwithless resources than theothercountry.2. Trade can benefit all countries if they specialize in the goods in which they have a3.With increasingthere will be a limit to specialization and trade.As a countryincreasingly specializes, its comparative advantage will eventually disappear.4.Americans buy TVs and VCRs from Korea, machinery from Europe, and fashion goods fromHong Kong.They sell machinery, grain and lumber, airplanes, computers and financial services.All this international trade is generated bySaccordingtothelawofcomparativeadvantagepermitstheproductionpossibilitiesandhencethe rateof sustainable consumption of nations to expand.That is,thepartiestotrademay obtainmoreof bothtraded goodsafterand trade.II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.In the second half of the twentieth century, international trade has become an importanteconomicforce.2.Even China,with its vasthuman and natural resources,has notbeen abletoremain alooffromtheworldeconomy3.International trade is business conducted inmorethan two countries, including buying andselling goods and services.4.In sum,international trade includes all thepractices a business ina single countrydoes,butatthe international level.5. International trade operates within the context of international and, sometimes, regional rulesand regulations set by appropriate organizations.IV. Translate the following sentences into English.1.国际贸易是指两个或两个以上国家，通过使用两种或两种以上的货币，进行的公平的、有目的的商品或服务的交换

Exercise One I. Answer the following questions. 1. In nation H, the opportunity cost of tables is 5 chairs, while in nation B, the opportunity cost of tables is only 1 chair. Which country should produce tables, and which country should produce chair? 2. What are the reasons of international trade? Name at least four reasons. 1) _ 2) _ 3) _ 4) _ 5) _ 6) _ 3. What are the principles of comparative advantage? 4. What are the benefits of international trade? Can you list a few examples from your daily life? II. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terms from the text. 1. A country has a(n) _ over another in the production of a good if it can produce it with less resources than the other country. 2. Trade can benefit all countries if they specialize in the goods in which they have a _. 3. With increasing _ there will be a limit to specialization and trade. As a country increasingly specializes, its comparative advantage will eventually disappear. 4. Americans buy TVs and VCRs from Korea, machinery from Europe, and fashion goods from Hong Kong. They sell machinery, grain and lumber, airplanes, computers and financial services. All this international trade is generated by _. 5. _ according to the law of comparative advantage permits the production possibilities and hence the rate of sustainable consumption of nations to expand. That is, the parties to trade may obtain more of both traded goods after _ and trade. III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. In the second half of the twentieth century, international trade has become an important economic force. 2. Even China, with its vast human and natural resources, has not been able to remain aloof from the world economy. 3. International trade is business conducted in more than two countries, including buying and selling goods and services. 4. In sum, international trade includes all the practices a business in a single country does, but at the international level. 5. International trade operates within the context of international and, sometimes, regional rules and regulations set by appropriate organizations. IV. Translate the following sentences into English. 1. 国际贸易是指两个或两个以上国家，通过使用两种或两种以上的货币，进行的公平的、 有目的的商品或服务的交换

2.简要地说，世界范围内的自然资源和人力技术发展的分配不均衡是国家与国家之间进行交易的主要原因之一。3.这些问题的答案大部分来自于大卫·李嘉图创立的比较利益理论。4.在使用外汇的过程中，往往存在不稳定因素甚至是风险。5.转口贸易是从国外进口货物进行进一步加工或装配，再出口国外的贸易。Keys to ExercisesL1.BshouldproducetablesandHshouldproducechairs.2. 1) differences in resources2) differences in demands2)specialization3)absolute advantage4) comparative advantage5)increasedcompetition6)trade as an “engine of growth"3. Created by David Ricardo, the principle of comparative advantage is a basic theory forspecialization and trade which says trade will benefit both nations provided only that their relativecosts, that is, the ratios of their real costs measured by labor-hour or anther commodity, aredifferent for two or more commodities. In other words, trade depends on differences incomparative cost or opportunity cost, and one nation can profitably trade with another eventhough its real costs are higher (or lower) in every commodity.4.The benefits of international trade include cheaper goods,more choices ofgoods,widermarketfor domestic producers, and thegrowth of domestic and world economy.II.1.absolute advantage2.comparative advantage3.opportunity cost4.comparativeadvantage5.Specialization,specializationIII.1.20世纪后半叶，国际商务成了推动经济发展的重要力量。2，即使是像中国这样有着丰富人力和自然资源的国家，也不能孤立于世界经济之外3.国际商务是两国或更多国家间进行的商务活动，包括买卖货物和服务。4总之，国际商务包括一个国家进行的所有商务活动，只不过这些活动是在国际间进行的。5.国际商务是在有关组织制定的国际性或区域性法规的条件下进行的。IV.1. International trade refers to the process of fair and deliberate exchanges of goods or servicesbetween two ormore countries,involvingtheuse oftwo or more currencies2.In short,the unevendistribution of natural resources and development ofhuman andtechnological resources around theworld isoneofthemajor reasonswhy nationstradewith oneanother.3.The key to such questions largely lies in the theory of comparative advantage developed by

2. 简要地说，世界范围内的自然资源和人力技术发展的分配不均衡是国家与国家之间进行 交易的主要原因之一。 3. 这些问题的答案大部分来自于大卫·李嘉图创立的比较利益理论。 4. 在使用外汇的过程中，往往存在不稳定因素甚至是风险。 5. 转口贸易是从国外进口货物进行进一步加工或装配，再出口国外的贸易。 Keys to Exercises I. 1. B should produce tables and H should produce chairs. 2. 1) differences in resources 2) differences in demands 2) specialization 3) absolute advantage 4) comparative advantage 5) increased competition 6) trade as an “engine of growth” 3. Created by David Ricardo, the principle of comparative advantage is a basic theory for specialization and trade which says trade will benefit both nations provided only that their relative costs, that is, the ratios of their real costs measured by labor-hour or anther commodity, are different for two or more commodities. In other words, trade depends on differences in comparative cost or opportunity cost, and one nation can profitably trade with another even though its real costs are higher (or lower) in every commodity. 4. The benefits of international trade include cheaper goods, more choices of goods, wider market for domestic producers, and the growth of domestic and world economy. II. 1. absolute advantage 2. comparative advantage 3. opportunity cost 4. comparative advantage 5. Specialization; specialization III. 1. 20 世纪后半叶，国际商务成了推动经济发展的重要力量。 2. 即使是像中国这样有着丰富人力和自然资源的国家，也不能孤立于世界经济之外。 3. 国际商务是两国或更多国家间进行的商务活动，包括买卖货物和服务。 4. 总之，国际商务包括一个国家进行的所有商务活动，只不过这些活动是在国际间进行的。 5. 国际商务是在有关组织制定的国际性或区域性法规的条件下进行的。 IV. 1. International trade refers to the process of fair and deliberate exchanges of goods or services between two or more countries, involving the use of two or more currencies. 2. In short, the uneven distribution of natural resources and development of human and technological resources around the world is one of the major reasons why nations trade with one another. 3. The key to such questions largely lies in the theory of comparative advantage developed by

David Ricardo4. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency5. Entrepot trade refers to thetransaction which involves importing goods from overseas forfurther processing or assembling and the re-exporting the goods abroad

David Ricardo. 4. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency. 5. Entrepot trade refers to the transaction which involves importing goods from overseas for further processing or assembling and the re-exporting the goods abroad