《翻译理论与实践》课程授课教案（汉英翻译）第五章 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译（1/2）

第8周，第7讲次课程名称：《汉英翻译》摘要第五章文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译授课题目（章、节）第一节文法与翻译本讲目的要求及重点难点：【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，了解文法在翻译中的重要性。【重点】文法与翻译【难点】如何让译文符合英文文法内容-田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 1 课程名称：《汉英翻译》 第 8 周，第 7 讲次 摘 要 授课题目（章、节） 第五章 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译 第一节 文法与翻译 本讲目的要求及重点难点： 【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，了解文法在翻译中的重要性。 【重 点】文法与翻译 【难 点】 如何让译文符合英文文法 内 容

【本讲课程的引入】毛泽东同志在谈到下文章时说：“我顺便讲一点请你们注意写文章的问题。……·总之一个合逻辑，一个合语法，一个较好的修辞，这三点请你们在写文章时注意。”（毛泽东选集》第五卷，人民出版社1977年4月第1版，第195--217页）《农业合作化的一场辩论和当前的阶级斗争》(grammatical：conformingtotherulesofgrammar:遵循语法规则的：agrammaticalsentence.语法正确的句子）"Tobelogical,tobegrammatical andtohaveagood command ofrhetoric,thesearethree points Iwould likeyouto bear in mind whenyouwrite."翻译同样离不开这三点。首先，熟知汉英两种语言的语法特点、具有合乎英语语法的遣词造句能力、有一定的英文写作能力，是从事翻译的前提。【本讲课程的内容】1.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业II.第五章文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译第一节文法与翻译I.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业为例：门红伟Don't Abandon Knowledge02英(2)Every graduate,NO.22用e-mailNow, you are leaving from your mother school. I can't give you any gift except a 给老师发ence. That is "don't abandon knowledge"的作业Most lessons you had before may be just for this diploma You were not willing.From now on,you can research accordingto your own wishfreely.Devotein onespecific subject by taking advantage of your energetic ages. Youth cannot retrieve.It'll be too late for doing research when your energy is falling off. If only forliving,you learn some knowledge, the knowledge will leave up to you. However, if you make for living without learning anyknowledge, three or five years, you will be eliminated by later youths. It would be too late to make up your knowledge atthat time.2田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 2 【本讲课程的引入】 毛泽东同志在谈到下文章时说：“我顺便讲一点请你们注意写文章的 问题。.总之一个合逻辑，一个合语法，一个较好的修辞，这三点请你们在写文章时注 意。”（毛泽东选集》第五卷,人民出版社 1977 年 4 月第 1 版,第 195-217 页 ）《 农业合作化 的一场辩论和当前的阶级斗争》(grammatical :conforming to the rules of grammar:遵循语法 规则的：a grammatical sentence.语法正确的句子) “To be logical, to be grammatical and to have a good command of rhetoric, these are three points I would like you to bear in mind when you write.” 翻译同样离不开这三点。首先，熟知汉英两种语言的语法特点、具有合乎英语语法的遣词 造句能力、有一定的英文写作能力，是从事翻译的前提。 【本讲课程的内容】 I. 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业 II．第五章 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译 第一节 文法与翻译 I． 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业，仅以一个学生的作业为例： Don’t Abandon Knowledge Every graduate, Now, you are leaving from your mother school. I can’t give you any gift except a sent ence. That is “don’t abandon knowledge”. Most lessons you had before may be just for this diploma. You were not willing. From now on, you can research according to your own wish freely. Devote in one specific subject by taking advantage of your energetic ages. Youth cannot retrieve. It’ll be too late for doing research when your energy is falling off. If only for living, you learn some knowledge, the knowledge will leave up to you. However, if yo u make for living without learning any knowledge, three or five years, you will be eli minated by later youths. It would be too late to make up your knowledge at that time. 门红伟 02 英(2) NO.22 用 e-mail 给老师发 的作业

Some people say, "When you graduate from school, you have to be busyV1n dealing with the living problems. How much time you can spend on reading? Even if you attempt to do some study, how can you do that without alibrary or laboratory?"I want to say, people who read only in the library will not read even if there it is, people who do study only in the laboratory will not do even if there it is. Once you determined to study a problem, you will go to great lengths to save yourmoney to buy books and work out measures to design instruments.As for time, that isn't a problem at all. Darwin was in poor health throughout his whole life. He couldn't work for many hours.Each day, he only worked one hour. But his achievements were outstanding! Spending one hour onreading 10 pagesuseful books each day, then you can read more than 3,600 pages a year and110,000 books in 30 yearsEverybody, 110,ooo books can shape you to be a scholar. However, readingthree kinds of tabloids each day will also spend you one hour, and playing four turns' Majiang needs one and a half hour. Tabloids? Majiang? Or a scholar? It's up to you!Yipuson said, your biggest responsibility is to cast yourself from a materialto a implement."Don't abandon knowledgeTo every graduate,Now,you areleaving(from)your motherschool.I can'tgiveyouanygiftsexceptsome advice(not"a sentence"); that is, "don't abandon knowledge".Most lessons you havehad previously(not"before")mayhave been justfor thisdiploma. Maybe you were not willing to do these, but from now on, you canresearch according to your own free will ( not "wish freely"). Devote yourself to(not"in")one specific subject by taking advantage of (your)this energetic stage ofyour life(not"ages").Youth cannot be retrieved. It'll be too late for doing researchwhen your energy is falling off Even if only for everyday living, you gain (not"learn") some knowledge, whether you use the knowledge is (not "will leave")upto you. However, if you make a (not"for") living without gaining (not"learning")any knowledge,in three or five years, you will be made redundant(not"eliminated") (by) later by3田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 3 Some people say, “When you graduate from school, you have to be busy i n dealing with the living problems. How much time you can spend on readi ng? Even if you attempt to do some study, how can you do that without a library or laboratory?” I want to say, “ people who read only in the library will not read even if t here it is; people who do study only in the laboratory will not do even if th ere it is. Once you determined to study a problem, you will go to great len gths to save your money to buy books and work out measures to design instruments. As for time, that isn’t a problem at all. Darwin was in poor health througho ut his whole life. He couldn’t work for many hours. Each day, he only wor ked one hour. But his achievements were outstanding! Spending one hour on reading 10 pages’ useful books each day, then you can read more than 3,600 pages a year and 110,000 books in 30 years. Everybody, 110,000 books can shape you to be a scholar. However, reading three kinds of tabloids each day will also spend you one hour, and playing f our turns’ Majiang needs one and a half hour. Tabloids? Majiang? Or a sch olar? It’s up to you! Yipuson said, “your biggest responsibility is to cast yourself from a material to a implement.” Don’t abandon knowledge To every graduate, Now, you are leaving (from) your mother school. I can’t give you any gifts except some advice ( not "a sentence"); that is, "don’t abandon knowledge". Most lessons you have had previously (not "before") may have been just for this diploma. Maybe you were not willing to do these, but from now on, you can research according to your own free will ( not "wish freely"). Devote yourself to ( not "in") one specific subject by taking advantage of (your) this energetic stage of your life ( not "ages"). Youth cannot be retrieved. It’ll be too late for doing research when your energy is falling off. Even if only for everyday living, you gain ( not "learn") some knowledge, whether you use the knowledge is ( not "will leave") up to you. However, if you make a ( not "for") living without gaining ( not "learning") any knowledge, in three or five years, you will be made redundant ( not "eliminated") (by) later by

more youthful employees. It will (not"would")be too late to improve (not"make up") your knowledge by(not"at") that time.Some people say, "When you graduate from school, you have to be busy in dealingwith (the)dayto day (not"living") problems.How much time would you have to(not"you can")spend on reading?Even ifyou attempt to do some study,how canyou do that without a library or laboratory?"I wantto saythat"peoplewhohavethechanceto read (only)inthe librarywillnot necessarilyread even if it is availableto them(not"there it is");peoplewhohave the chance to (do)study (only)in the laboratory may (not "will")not do soeven if it is there for them ( not "there it is"). Only once you are determined tostudy a problem, will you ( not "you will") go to great lengths to save your moneyto buy books and work out measures to design the instruments you need.As for time, this(not "that") needn't be(not "isn't") a problem at all. CharlesDarwin was in poor health throughout his whole life. He couldn't work for manyhours. Each day, he only worked for one hour, but his achievements wereoutstanding! Spending one hour on reading 10 pages ofuseful books each daymeans that(not "then") you can read more than 3,600 pages a year and 110,000books in30years.Everybody takeheed; 110,000 books can shape you into(not "tobe")a scholar.However, reading threekinds oftabloids each day will also take (not"spend you")onehour,and playingfour turns of Majiang will use up(not"needs")oneand ahalf hours. Tabloids? Majiang? Or being a scholar? It's up to you!Yipuson said, "your biggest responsibility is to recast yourself from being a usefulmaterial to instead become acreative implement."Never give up the pursuit of learning.Dear Students of the Graduating Class: As you are leaving your alma mater, Ihavenothingto offeryou as a giftexcept a word of adviceMy advice is, "Never give up the pursuit of learning"You have perhaps finishedyour college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma that is, out of sheernecessity.However, from now on you are free to follow your personal bent in thechoice of studies. While you are in the prime oflife, why not devote yourselves to aspecial field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be toolate for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will doyou a good turn even as a means of subsistence.4田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 4 more youthful employees. It will (not "would") be too late to improve ( not "make up") your knowledge by ( not "at") that time. Some people say, "When you graduate from school, you have to be busy in dealing with (the) day to day ( not "living") problems. How much time would you have to ( not "you can") spend on reading? Even if you attempt to do some study, how can you do that without a library or laboratory?" I want to say that " people who have the chance to read (only) in the library will not necessarily read even if it is available to them ( not "there it is"); people who have the chance to (do) study (only) in the laboratory may ( not "will") not do so even if it is there for them ( not "there it is"). Only once you are determined to study a problem, will you ( not "you will") go to great lengths to save your money to buy books and work out measures to design the instruments you need. As for time, this( not "that") needn't be ( not "isn’t") a problem at all. Charles Darwin was in poor health throughout his whole life. He couldn’t work for many hours. Each day, he only worked for one hour, but his achievements were outstanding! Spending one hour on reading 10 pages of useful books each day means that ( not "then") you can read more than 3,600 pages a year and 110,000 books in 30 years. Everybody take heed; 110,000 books can shape you into ( not "to be") a scholar. However, reading three kinds of tabloids each day will also take ( not "spend you") one hour, and playing four turns of Majiang will use up ( not "needs") one and a half hours. Tabloids? Majiang? Or being a scholar? It’s up to you! Yipuson said, "your biggest responsibility is to recast yourself from being a useful material to instead become a creative implement." Never give up the pursuit of learning. Dear Students of the Graduating Class: As you are leaving your alma mater, I have nothing to offer you as a gift except a word of advice. My advice is, "Never give up the pursuit of learning." You have perhaps finished your college courses mostly for obtaining the diploma, that is, out of sheer necessity. However, from now on you are free to follow your personal bent in the choice of studies. While you are in the prime of life, why not devote yourselves to a special field of study? Youth will soon be gone never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years. Knowledge will do you a good turn even as a means of subsistence

If you giveup studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years findyourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy thesituation by picking up studies again.Some people say,"Once you have a job,you will come up against the urgentproblem of making a living How can you manage to find time to study? Even ifyou want to,will it bepossible with no library or laboratory available?"Now let me tell you: Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will mostprobably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse todo research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so eventhough a laboratory is available.As long as you set your mind on studies, you willnaturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible toacquirenecessaryinstruments.Timeis no object.Charles Darwin could onlywork onehour a daydueto illhealth.Yet what a remarkable man hewas!If you spend one hour a day reading10pagesofa book,youcanfinishmore than3,600 pagesa year,and110,000 pages in30 years.Dear students, 110,000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man ofyou. It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and a half hoursto finish four rounds of mah-jong a day. Reading tabloids, playing mahjong orstriving to bea learned man.The choice lies withyou.参考译Henrik Ibsen says, "It is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful文implement." Learning is the casting mould. Forsake learning you will ruinyourself. Farewell! Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become ofyou ten years from now.分析：1.你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了：Youarefreetofollowyourpersonal bent in thechoice of studies,其中，to follow one's bent是成语，和tofollowone'sinclination同义，作“做集资感兴趣或爱做的事”解。2.要做学问：togointo scholarship=to engageinlearning3.学问决不会辜负人的knowledgewilldo youagoodturn.Todooneagoodturn是成语，作“做对某人有利的事”。4.搏衣节食：to cutdownonfoodandclothing=toeconomizeon=tolivefrugally节饮食，搏衣服，则财用足。一《管子·五辅》5.至于时间，更不成问题：timeisnoobject.Noobject是成语=onproblem“不在话下”“不成问题”6.全靠你们自己的选择：thechoicelieswithyou/itisuptoyoutomakethe choice胡适(1891—1962)是中国现代史上n田翠芸《汉英翻译》一个颇有影响而又相当复杂的学者。关于他一生

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 5 If you give up studies while holding a job, you will in a couple of years find yourselves replaced by younger people. It will then be too late to remedy the situation by picking up studies again. Some people say, "Once you have a job, you will come up against the urgent problem of making a living. How can you manage to find time to study? Even if you want to, will it be possible with no library or laboratory available?" Now let me tell you: Those who refuse to study for lack of a library will most probably continue to do so even though there is a library. And those who refuse to do research for lack of a laboratory will most probably continue to do so even though a laboratory is available. As long as you set your mind on studies, you will naturally cut down on food and clothing to buy books or do everything possible to acquire necessary instruments. Time is no object. Charles Darwin could only work one hour a day due to ill health. Yet what a remarkable man he was! If you spend one hour a day reading 10 pages of a book, you can finish more than 3,600 pages a year, and 110,000 pages in 30 years. Dear students, 110,000 pages will be quite enough to make a learned man of you. It will take you one hour to read three tabloids a day, and one and a half hours to finish four rounds of mah-jong a day. Reading tabloids, playing mahjong or striving to be a learned man. The choice lies with you. Henrik Ibsen says, "It is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement." Learning is the casting mould. Forsake learning you will ruin yourself. Farewell! Your alma mater is watching eagerly to see what will become of you ten years from now. 分析： 1． 你们可以依自己的心愿去自由研究了①：：You are free to follow your personal bent in the choice of studies, 其中，to follow one’s bent 是 成语，和 to follow one’s inclination 同义，作“做集资感兴趣或爱 做的事”解。 2． 要做学问② : to go into scholarship = to engage in learning 3． 学问决不会辜负人的③ knowledge will do you a good turn. To do one a good turn 是成语，作“做对某人有利的事”。 4． 撙衣节食: to cut down on food and clothing = to economize on = to live frugally 节饮食,撙衣服,则财用足。——《管子·五辅》 5． 至于时间，更不成问题: time is no object. No object 是成语= on problem “不在话下”“不成问题” 6． 全靠你们自己的选择：the choice lies with you/ it is up to you to make the choice 胡 适 （1891—1962） 是中国现代史上 一个颇有影响而 又相当复杂的学 者。关于他一生 的功过是非，近 参考译 文

难词点拨：1.母校：almamater2不得：bynecessityoutofnecessity,ofnecessity，fromnecessitysoldmyhousebynecessity3.年富力强：intheprimeoflife,inone'sprime4少年一去不复返：Youthwillsoonbegonenevertoreturn5.精力衰inyourdecliningyears6.学问：learning，knowledgescholarshippamanofgreatlearning为吃饭计：meansofsubsistence7.means of livelihood8.小报：tabloid9.抛弃：abandon,forsake,caseasideI.第五章文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译语法和逻辑属于两个不同的范畴，合乎语法的语言现象不一定合乎逻辑（比较：晒太阳Toexposeoneselftopleasantwarmth.享受温暖与阳光，晒太阳：处在舒适的温暖中baskinthewarmsunshine沐浴在温暖的阳光下takegreatpleasureorsatisfaction:享受家庭的爱baskintheloveofhisfamilyvt.使(自身)受沐浴WebaskedourselvesonthebeachofXinghaiPark我们在星海公园的海滩上晒太阳。晒被褥toairthebedclothes:quiltandcotton-paddedmattress），合乎逻辑的表达方式不一定合乎语法（Metoo)。此外，语言的逻辑不同，在汉语里合乎逻辑的表达法到了英语里不一定合乎逻辑。修辞是为了提高语言的表达效果而对表达手段的恰当运用，若要以温达到原文一样的效果，必须使用恰当的手段。但修辞同样是以语言为基础的，语言基础发生了变化，修辞也失去了依托。在翻译转换时，修辞的传达成为需要克服的困难之一。三者与翻译的关系：文法是决定译文通不通顺的问题，逻辑是看译文对不对的问题，而修辞则是管译文好不好的问题。第一节文法与翻译文法包括字法usageofwords、句法syntax、章法artofcomposition等。汉译英的文法问题包括两个方面，一是汉语原文的语法，特别是文言文语法，一是英语译文的语法，前者涉及理解，后者涉及表达。下面句子的误译，或汉语式英语，就是不顾英文文法，硬套中文文法造成的，请试改成语法正确、合乎习惯的英文。1.她和一个百万富翁的女儿结了婚。He married with thedaughter of a millionaire2.借你的电话用用好吗？（不符合习惯）MayIborrowyourtelephone?May Iuse your telephone?6田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 6 难词点拨： 1. 母校：alma mater 2. 不得已：by necessity, out of necessity, of necessity, from necessity,: I sold my house by necessity 3. 年富力强: in the prime of life, in one’s prime 4. 少年一去不复返：Youth will soon be gone never to return. 5. 精力衰 in your declining years 6. 学问：learning, knowledge, scholarship a man of great learning 7. 为吃饭计：means of subsistence means of livelihood 8. 小报：tabloid 9. 抛弃：abandon, forsake, case aside II. 第五章 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译 语法和逻辑属于两个不同的范畴，合乎语法的语言现象不一定合乎逻辑（比 较：晒太阳 To expose oneself to pleasant warmth. 享受温暖与阳光，晒太阳：处在舒适的温暖中 bask in the warm sunshine 沐浴在 温暖的阳光下 take great pleasure or satisfaction: 享受家庭的爱 bask in the love of his family vt. 使(自身)受沐浴 We basked ourselves on the beach of Xinghai Park. 我们在星海公园的海滩上晒太阳。 晒被褥 to air the bedclothes; quilt and cotton-padded mattress），合乎逻辑的表达 方式不一定合乎语法(Me too)。此外，语言的逻辑不同，在汉语里合乎逻辑的表达 法到了英语里不一定合乎逻辑。修辞是为了提高语言的表达效果而对表达手段的 恰当运用，若要以温达到原文一样的效果，必须使用恰当的手段。但修辞同样是 以语言为基础的，语言基础发生了变化，修辞也失去了依托。在翻译转换时，修 辞的传达成为需要克服的困难之一。三者与翻译的关系：文法是决定译文通不通 顺的问题，逻辑是看译文对不对的问题，而修辞则是管译文好不好的问题。 第一节 文法与翻译 文法包括字法 usage of words、句法 syntax、章法 art of composition 等。汉 译英的文法问题包括两个方面，一是汉语原文的语法，特别是文言文语法， 一是英语译文的语法，前者涉及理解，后者涉及表达。 下面句子的误译，或汉语式英语，就是不顾英文文法，硬套中文文法造成 的，请试改成语法正确、合乎习惯的英文。 1. 她和一个百万富翁的女儿结了婚。 He married with the daughter of a millionaire. 2. 借你的电话用用好吗？（不符合习惯） May I borrow your telephone? May I use your telephone?

3元坐在花园的篱芭上，一个黄蜂刺了我一下。Sitting on a fence in my garden, I was stung by a wasp.4.聚也不易，散也不易。To gather is not easy, to leave is not easy, either.Itis noteasytogather,nor isit toleaveeachother5.饭前洗手，睡前洗脚。Wash hands beforemeals and washfeetwhen going tobed.Wash your hands before meals and your feet before going to bed.6．她一把抓住我的手。She caught my hand.She caught me by the hand7.我怀疑真有这事。I doubt that it is true./I suspect whether it is trueI doubt whether it is true. /I suspect that it might be true.8.骄傲不好，会使你失去群众。（不符合习惯）Tobeproud is notgood foryou, itwill causeyou tolosepeopleIt is not good to be proud, it will deprive you ofthe trust of the people文法是一个基本功问题，尽管翻译时“得意可以忘形”，有时可以随心而欲，但不可逾越规矩。【本讲课程的小结】通过讲解学生的译作，认识到文法在翻译中的重要性。【本讲课程的作业】I.阅读课本第7单元（85一95页）并完成书上的练习。II.短文翻译：男人（梁实秋）男人令人首先感到的印象是脏！当然，男人当中亦不乏刷洗干净洁身自好的，甚至还有油头粉面衣冠楚楚的，但大体讲来，男人消耗肥皂和水的数量要比较少些。某一男校，对于学生洗澡是强迫的，入浴签名，每周计核，对于不曾入浴的初步惩罚是宣布姓名，最后的断然处置是定期强迫入浴，并派人监视，然而日久玩生，签名薄中尚不无浮冒情事。有些男人，西装裤尽管挺直，他的耳后脖根，土壤肥沃，常常宜于种麦！袜子手绢不知随时洗涤，常常日积月累到处塞藏等到无可使用时，再从那一堆污垢存货当中抹选比较干净的去应急。7田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 7 3. 坐在花园的篱笆上，一个黄蜂刺了我一下。 Sitting on a fence in my garden, I was stung by a wasp. 4. 聚也不易，散也不易。 To gather is not easy, to leave is not easy, either. It is not easy to gather, nor is it to leave each other. 5. 饭前洗手，睡前洗脚。 Wash hands before meals and wash feet when going to bed. Wash your hands before meals and your feet before going to bed. 6. 她一把抓住我的手。 She caught my hand. She caught me by the hand. 7. 我怀疑真有这事。 I doubt that it is true. /I suspect whether it is true. I doubt whether it is true. /I suspect that it might be true. 8. 骄傲不好，会使你失去群众。(不符合习惯) To be proud is not good for you; it will cause you to lose people. It is not good to be proud; it will deprive you of the trust of the people. 文法是一个基本功问题，尽管翻译时“得意可以忘形”，有时可以随心而 欲，但不可逾越规矩。 【本讲课程的小结】通过讲解学生的译作，认识到文法在翻译中的重要性。 【本讲课程的作业】 I．阅读课本第 7 单元 （85－95 页）并完成书上的练习。 II．短文翻译： 男人 （梁实秋） 男人令人首先感到的印象是脏！当然，男人当中亦不乏刷洗干净洁身自好 的，甚至还有油头粉面衣冠楚楚的，但大体讲来，男人消耗肥皂和水的数量要 比较少些。某一男校，对于学生洗澡是强迫的，入浴签名，每周计核，对于不 曾入浴的初步惩罚是宣布姓名，最后的断然处置是定期强迫入浴，并派人监视， 然而日久玩生，签名薄中尚不无浮冒情事。有些男人，西装裤尽管挺直，他的 耳后脖根，土壤肥沃，常常宜于种麦！袜子手绢不知随时洗涤，常常日积月累 到处塞藏等到无可使用时，再从那一堆污垢存货当中拣选比较干净的去应急。

第9周，第8讲次课程名称：《汉英翻译》摘要第五章第二节逻辑与翻译第三节5修辞与翻译授课题目（章、节）本讲目的要求及重点难点：【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，了解逻辑、修辞与翻译的关系。【重点】逻辑与翻译；修辞与翻译【难点】修辞与翻译内 容田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 8 课程名称：《汉英翻译》 第 9 周，第 8 讲次 摘 要 授课题目（章、节） 第五章 第二节 逻辑与翻译 第三节 修辞与翻译 本讲目的要求及重点难点： 【目的要求】通过本讲课程的学习，了解逻辑、修辞与翻译的关系。 【重 点】逻辑与翻译；修辞与翻译 【难 点】 修辞与翻译 内 容

【本讲课程的引入】逻辑指人的思维方式在语言中的反映，世界上各个民族都有其独特的思维方式，每一种语言都有其内在的逻辑。翻译时，就要首先尊重译入语的语言逻辑，不要拿本族语的逻辑强加于人。【本讲课程的内容】I.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业II.第五章第二节逻辑与翻译第三节修辞与翻译02英1白云用e-mail给老I.讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业师发的作业MenThe first impression men give us is dirtiness! Of course, thereare some men who always make themselves clean.Even some of themmake-up and be immaculately dressed.But for the main,men consume less soap and water.There was a male school, in order to enforce the boys to take bath, the school asked them to sign theirnames before taking bath and checked every week. Those studentswhodidnotgotothe bathroom the first timewould have theirnames published.Those who never go there would be forced to take a bath regularly. But as time goes on, there were some forgeries appeared on the signatures.Somemen,although they wear straight western-style trousers,there are so much dirt behind theirears and around their necks that it' s good for growing wheat. Theyseldomwash socks and handkerchiefs.When they need ones,but no clean ones, they will pick out the less dirty ones from thefilthy socks田翠芸《汉英翻译》

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 9 【本讲课程的引入】逻辑指人的思维方式在语言中的反映，世界上各个民族都有其独 特的思维方式，每一种语言都有其内在的逻辑。翻译时，就要首先尊重译入语的语言 逻辑，不要拿本族语的逻辑强加于人。 【本讲课程的内容】 I. 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业 II．第五章 第二节 逻辑与翻译 第三节 修辞与翻译 I． 讲解上节课给学生留的课下作业 Men The first impression men give us is dirtiness! Of course, there are some men who always make themselves clean. Even some of them make-up and be immaculately dressed. But for the main, men cons ume less soap and water. There was a male school, in order to en force the boys to take bath, the school asked them to sign their names before taking bath and checked every week. Those students who did not go to the bathroom the first time would have their names published. Those who never go there would be forced to tak e a bath regularly. But as time goes on, there were some forgeri es appeared on the signatures. Some men, although they wear stra ight western-style trousers, there are so much dirt behind their ears and around their necks that it’s good for growing wheat. T hey seldom wash socks and handkerchiefs. When they need ones, bu t no clean ones, they will pick out the less dirty ones from the filthy socks 02 英 1 白云 用 e-mail 给老 师发的作业

MenThe first impression men give us is of dintiness! Of course, there are some教师的men whoalways makethemselvesclean.(Even)Someofthem evenuse修改make-up and are(not"be")immaculately dressed.But in(not"for')themain,men consumelesssoap andwaterthanwomen.Therewasamaleschool where,inorderto enforce theboys totakebath,the school askedthemtosigntheirnamesbeforetakingabathandcheckedthemeveryweek.Those students whodid not go to thebathroom thefirst timewouldhave theirnames published. Those who never go there would be forced to take a bathregularly. But as time went (not "goes") on, there were some forgeries thatappeared among (not "on') the signatures. Some men, although they wearstraight westerm-style trousers, hide(not"there are")so muchdirt behindtheirears and around their necks that it's good enough forgrowing wheat.参考译They seldom wash socks and handkerchiefs.When they need these (not文"ones"), and there are (not "but") no clean ones, they will pick out the lessdirtyonesfromthefilthysocksWhat strikes us first ofall in men is their uncleannessThere are of course nolackofmenwhoalwaysmakeapointofkeepingthemselves spick-and-spanAnd someofthem even make upheavily and dressrespectably.But, generallyspeaking,men consumea smallerquantity ofsoap and waterthan women.Acertain boys'schoolmake it compulsoryfor its students to take a bathregularlyEvery student had to sign his namebeforetakinga bath so that the schoolauthorities could conduct a weekly checkup. Those who violated the regulationfor thefirst time would havetheir namespublished.Thedrastic measureforthose whorepeated the offence was toforce them to takea bathregularlyundersurveillance.Nevertheless, abuses crept in withtime.Forgery was oftendiscovered among the signatures. Some men, although they wore smooth-ironedWestern-stylepants, leavemuch dirt behind their ears and around their necks--somuch that it is good enoughfor growing wheat! Their unwashed socks andhandkerchiefs accumulate and are left here and there in unseen corners.Whenno more clean ones are available, some of theless dirtyones are picked out fromthe filthy stock to meet an urgent need.(zhang peiji)分析：1.男人令人首先感到的印象是脏！Whatstrikesusfirstofallinmenistheiruncleanness.（给人....以印象）（togiveaparticularimpression）又可译为：thefirst impressionthatmengiveusistheiruncleanness.译文用反面词uncleanness（不爱清洁）表达“脏”（filthiness），意思更确切。10田翠芸《汉英翻译》Note:

田翠芸 《汉英翻译》 10 Men The first impression men give us is of dirtiness! Of course, there are some men who always make themselves clean. (Even) Some of them even use make-up and are ( not "be") immaculately dressed. But in ( not "for") the main, men consume less soap and water than women. There was a male school where, in order to enforce the boys to take bath, the school asked them to sign their names before taking a bath and checked them every week. Those students who did not go to the bathroom the first time would have their names published. Those who never go there would be forced to take a bath regularly. But as time went ( not "goes") on, there were some forgeries that appeared among ( not "on") the signatures. Some men, although they wear straight western-style trousers, hide ( not "there are") so much dirt behind their ears and around their necks that it's good enough for growing wheat. They seldom wash socks and handkerchiefs. When they need these ( not "ones"), and there are ( not "but") no clean ones, they will pick out the less dirty ones from the filthy socks. What strikes us first of all in men is their uncleanness . There are of course no lack of men who always make a point of keeping themselves spick-and-span . And some of them even make up heavily and dress respectably. But, generally speaking, men consume a smaller quantity of soap and water than women. A certain boys’ school make it compulsory for its students to take a bath regularly. Every student had to sign his name before taking a bath so that the school authorities could conduct a weekly checkup. Those who violated the regulation for the first time would have their names published. The drastic measure for those who repeated the offence was to force them to take a bath regularly under surveillance. Nevertheless, abuses crept in with time. Forgery was often discovered among the signatures. Some men, although they wore smooth-ironed Western-style pants, leave much dirt behind their ears and around their necks-so much that it is good enough for growing wheat! Their unwashed socks and handkerchiefs accumulate and are left here and there in unseen corners. When no more clean ones are available, some of the less dirty ones are picked out from the filthy stock to meet an urgent need. （zhang peiji ） 分析： 1．男人令人首先感到的印象是脏！What strikes us first of all in men is their uncleanness. （给人.以印象）（to give a particular impression）. 又可译 为：the first impression that men give us is their uncleanness.译文用反面词 uncleanness（不爱清洁）表达“脏”（filthiness），意思更确切。 Note: 梁实秋的《男人》 教师的 修改 参考译 文