《药理学》课程教学大纲（含教案，英文版）

SectionI Basic PrinciplesIntroduction2Total hours required --1Total Classes required -MonDays of Study =-Period of Study =Week1&2-FirstsemesterLecture 1 Class Ii Howtodefinepharmacologyii.TheNatureof Drugsa, The Physical Nature of Drugsb.Drug Sizec.DrugReactivity andDrug-ReceptorBondsd. Drug Shapee.RationalDrugDesignii.Drug-Body Interactioniv.PharmacodynamicPrinciplesa.Types ofDrug-ReceptorInteractionsb.Agonists That Inhibit Their Binding Molecules andPartial Agonistsc.DurationofDrugActiond.Receptors and Inert Binding SitesV.PharmacokineticPrinciplesa.PermeationiAqueous diffusionii Lipid diffusionii. Special carriersiv.EndocytosisandExocytosisb.Fick'sLawof Diffusionc.Ionization of Weak Acids and Weak Bases: theHenderson-HasselbalchEquationDrugReceptors&Pharmacodynamics6Total hours required =3Total Classes required =Tue, WedDays of Study =Period of Study=Week3&4-First semestera. Lecture 1 Class IIi.What is the receptor?ii,Macromoleculenatureofdrugrecaptor

Section I Basic Principles Introduction Total hours required = 2 Total Classes required = 1 Days of Study = Mon Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester Lecture 1 Class I i. How to define pharmacology ii. The Nature of Drugs a. The Physical Nature of Drugs b. Drug Size c. Drug Reactivity and Drug-Receptor Bonds d. Drug Shape e. Rational Drug Design iii. Drug-Body Interaction iv. Pharmacodynamic Principles a. Types of Drug-Receptor Interactions b. Agonists That Inhibit Their Binding Molecules and Partial Agonists c. Duration of Drug Action d. Receptors and Inert Binding Sites v. Pharmacokinetic Principles a. Permeation i. Aqueous diffusion ii. Lipid diffusion iii. Special carriers iv. Endocytosis and Exocytosis b. Fick’s Law of Diffusion c. Ionization of Weak Acids and Weak Bases; the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Drug Receptors & Pharmacodynamics Total hours required = 6 Total Classes required = 3 Days of Study = Tue, Wed Period of Study = Week 3&4 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class II i. What is the receptor? ii. Macromolecule nature of drug recaptor

iiRelationbetweendrugconcentration&responsea.Concentration-EffectCurves&ReceptorBindingofAgonistsb,Receptor-EffectorCoupling&SpareReceptorsc.Competitive&IrreversibleAntagonistsd.Partial Agonistse.OtherMechanismsofDrugAntagonismb. Lecture 2 Class I1Ii.Signaling mechanisms&drugactiona.Intracellularreceptors forlipid-soluble agentsb. Ligand-regulated transmembrane enzymes includingrecaptortyrosinekinasesc.Cytokine recaptorsd.Ligand-gated channelse.Receptorregulateonc.Lecture3ClassIViRelationbetweendrugdose&clinical responsea.Dose&ResponseinPatientsb.Graded Dose-ResponseRelationc.Shapeof Dose-Response Curvesd.QuantalDose-EffectCurvesii.VariationinDrugResponsivenessa.Alteration in Concentration of Drug That Reaches theReceptorb.VariationinConcentration of anEndogenousReceptorligandc.Alteration inNumberorFunctionofReceptorsd.ChangesinComponents ofResponseDistal toReceptoriliClinical Selectivity:Beneficial Versus Toxic EffectsofDrugsa.Beneficial and Toxic EffectsMediated bytheSameReceptor-EffectorMechanismb.BeneficialandToxicEffectsMediated byIdenticalReceptors but in DifferentTissuesorbyDifferentEffectorPathwaysc.Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by DifferentTypes of ReceptorsPharmacokinetics &Pharmacodynamics:

iii. Relation between drug concentration & response a. Concentration-Effect Curves & Receptor Binding of Agonists b. Receptor-Effector Coupling & Spare Receptors c. Competitive & Irreversible Antagonists d. Partial Agonists e. Other Mechanisms of Drug Antagonism b. Lecture 2 Class III i. Signaling mechanisms & drug action a. Intracellular receptors for lipid-soluble agents b. Ligand-regulated transmembrane enzymes including recaptor tyrosine kinases c. Cytokine recaptors d. Ligand-gated channels e. Receptor regulateon c. Lecture 3 Class IV i. Relation between drug dose & clinical response a. Dose & Response in Patients b. Graded Dose-Response Relation c. Shape of Dose-Response Curves d. Quantal Dose-Effect Curves ii. Variation in Drug Responsiveness a. Alteration in Concentration of Drug That Reaches the Receptor b. Variation in Concentration of an Endogenous Receptor ligand c. Alteration in Number or Function of Receptors d. Changes in Components of Response Distal to Receptor iii. Clinical Selectivity: Beneficial Versus Toxic Effects of Drugs a. Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by the Same Receptor-Effector Mechanism b. Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by Identical Receptors but in Different Tissues or by Different Effector Pathways c. Beneficial and Toxic Effects Mediated by Different Types of Receptors Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics:

Rational Dosing&the Time Course of DrugActionTotal hours required =63Total Classes required =ThuDays of Study=Period of Study=Week1&2-Firstsemestera. Lecture 1 Class Vi PHARMACOKINETICSa.VolumeofDistributionb.Clearancei Capacity-Limited Eliminationi.Flow-DependentEliminationc.Half-Lifed.DrugAccumulationb.Lecture2ClassVIiPHARMACOKINETICSe.Bioavailabilityi.Extentof Absorptionii.First-Pass EliminationiliRateofAbsorptionf.ExtractionRatio&theFirst-PassEffectg.Alternative Route of Administration&the First-PassEffectiiTHETIMECOURSEOFDRUGEFFECTa.ImmediateEffectsb.Delayed Effectsc.CumulativeEffectsiii THETARGET CONCENTRATION APPROACHTOAGDESIN1NGRATIONALDOSAGEREGIMENa.Maintenance Doseb.LoadingDosec. Lecture 3 Class VIIi..THERAPEUTICDRUGMONITORING:RELATINGPHARMACOKINETICS&OPHARMACODYNAMICSa. PharmacokineticVariablesiAbsorption

Rational Dosing & the Time Course of Drug Action Total hours required = 6 Total Classes required = 3 Days of Study = Thu Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class V i. PHARMACOKINETICS a. Volume of Distribution b. Clearance i. Capacity-Limited Elimination ii. Flow-Dependent Elimination c. Half-Life d. Drug Accumulation b. Lecture 2 Class VI i. PHARMACOKINETICS e. Bioavailability i. Extent of Absorption ii. First-Pass Elimination iii. Rate of Absorption f. Extraction Ratio & the First-Pass Effect g. Alternative Route of Administration & the First-Pass Effect ii. THE TIME COURSE OF DRUG EFFECT a. Immediate Effects b. Delayed Effects c. Cumulative Effects iii. THE TARGET CONCENTRATION APPROACH TO D E S I G N I N G A RATIONAL DOSAGE REGIMEN a. Maintenance Dose b. Loading Dose c. Lecture 3 Class VII i. THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING: RELATING PHARMACOKINETICS & OPHARMACODYNAMICS a. Pharmacokinetic Variables i. Absorption

ii. Clearanceili.VolumeofDistributioniv.Half-Lifeb.Pharmacodynamic Variablesi Maximumeffecti. Sensitivityi.INTERPRETATIONOFDRUGCONCENTRATIONMEASUREMENTSa. ClearanceiAlbuminConcentrationii.aj-AcidGlycoproteinConcentrationili. Capacity-Limited ProteinBindingb.Timing of SamplesforConcentration Measurementc.Initial Predictionsof Volumeof Distribution&Clearancei Volume ofDistributioniiClearanced.RevisingIndividual Estimates of VolumeofDistribution&ClearanceDrug Biotransformation4Total hours required =2Total Classes required =Days of Study=Fri, MonPeriod of Study=Week1&2-First semestera. Lecture 1 Class VIIIi WHYISDRUGBIOTRANSFORMATIONNECESSARY?i THE ROLE OF BIOTRANSFORMATIONIN DRUGDISPOSITIONiiWHEREDODRUGBIOTRANSFORMATIONSOCCUR?iv.MICROSOMALMIXEDFUNCTIONOXIDASE&ISYSTEMPHASEREACTIONSa.EnzymeInductionb.EnzymeInhibitionv.PHASEIIREACTIONSb. Lecture 2 Class IX

ii. Clearance iii. Volume of Distribution iv. Half-Life b. Pharmacodynamic Variables i. Maximum effect ii. Sensitivity ii. INTERPRETATION OF DRUG CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS a. Clearance i. Albumin Concentration ii. α1-Acid Glycoprotein Concentration iii. Capacity-Limited Protein Binding b. Timing of Samples for Concentration Measurement c. Initial Predictions of Volume of Distribution & Clearance i. Volume of Distribution ii. Clearance d. Revising Individual Estimates of Volume of Distribution & Clearance Drug Biotransformation Total hours required = 4 Total Classes required = 2 Days of Study = Fri, Mon Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class VIII i. WHY IS DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATION NECESSARY? ii. THE ROLE OF BIOTRANSFORMATION IN DRUG DISPOSITION iii. WHERE DO DRUG BIOTRANSFORMATIONS OCCUR? iv. MICROSOMAL MIXED FUNCTION OXIDASE S Y S T E M & P H A S E I REACTIONS a. Enzyme Induction b. Enzyme Inhibition v. PHASE II REACTIONS b. Lecture 2 Class IX

iMETABOLISMOFDRUGSTOTOXICPRODUCTSiiCLINICALRELEVANCEOFDRUGMETABOLISMa.Individual Differencesb.GeneticFactorsc.Diet&EnvironmentalFactorsd.Age&Sexe.Drug-DrugInteractions DuringMetabolismf.InteractionsBetweenDrugs&EndogenousCompoundsSection IlAutonomic DrugsIntroductionToAutonomicPharmacology2Total hours required =1Total Classes required -MonDaysof StudyPeriod of Study=Week 1&2-First semesterLecture 1 Class XiIntroductiontonervous systemii.Anatomyof theautonomicnervous systema.Autonomicnervoussystemb.Somatic SystemiliThe anatomic classification of theautonomic Systema.Parasympatheticb.Sympatheticiv.Theclassificationofautonomicsystembasedontheprimarytransmittera.Cholinergic fibersb.Noradrenergicfibers(alsoc.non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic nervev.The constitutionof synapsea.Presynapticmembraneb.Synapticcleftc.Postsynapticmembranevi.Neurotrasmitterchemistryoftheautonomicsystema.Cholinergictransmissionb.Adrenergic transmission:vii.Autonomicreceptorsa.Theclassificationofautonomicreceptors(cholinoceptorsadrenoceptors)b.Locationsofautonomicreceptors:vili.Functional organizationofautonomicactivity

i. METABOLISM OF DRUGS TO TOXIC PRODUCTS ii. CLINICAL RELEVANCE OFDRUG METABOLISM a. Individual Differences b. Genetic Factors c. Diet & Environmental Factors d. Age & Sex e. Drug-Drug Interactions During Metabolism f. Interactions Between Drugs & Endogenous Compounds Section II Autonomic Drugs Introduction To Autonomic Pharmacology Total hours required = 2 Total Classes required = 1 Days of Study = Mon Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester Lecture 1 Class X i. Introduction to nervous system ii. Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system a. Autonomic nervous system b. Somatic System iii. The anatomic classification of the autonomic System a. Parasympathetic b. Sympathetic iv. The classification of autonomic system based on the primary transmitter a.Cholinergic fibers b.Noradrenergic fibers(also c.non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic nerve v. The constitution of synapse a.Presynaptic membrane b.Synaptic cleft c.Postsynaptic membrane vi. Neurotrasmitter chemistry of the autonomic system a.Cholinergic transmission b.Adrenergic transmission: vii. Autonomic receptors a.The classification of autonomic receptors(cholinoceptors, adrenoceptors) b.Locations of autonomic receptors: viii. Functional organization of autonomic activity

a. In blood vesselsb.in the heartc.inthelungs(bronchial smoothmuscle)d. In the eyee. Salivary glands:f.presynapticregulationg.postsynapticregulationix.Mode of action of autonomic nervous system drugsa. Direct effect on receptorsb.InfluencetheBiosynthesis,Metabolism,Transfer andStorageof the Neurotransmitter.x.Classification of autonomic nervous system drugsa.Cholinergic nerve agonistsb.Cholinergic nerveantagonistsc. Adrenergic nerve agonistsd.Adrenergic nerve antagonistsxi.Function ofautonomicnervous systema.Functions ofthe sympathetic systemb.Functionsoftheparasympathetic systemCholinoceptor-Activating and Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs4Total hours required =2Total Classes required =-Tue, WedDaysof Study7=Period of Study-Week3&4-Firstsemestera. Lecture 1 Class XIi Mode of action of cholinomimetic drugsii.The classification of cholinoceptor agonista.Muscarinic receptors stimulants:pilocarpineb.N icotinic receptors stimulants:nicotinec.Muscarinicandnicotinicreceptors stimulantsii.Organ system effectofmuscarinic receptors stimulantsa. Eyeb.Cardiovascular system-c..Smoothmuscle:Constrictionof smoothmuscled.Glandsiv.Organ system effect of nicotinic receptors stimulantsa.Central nervous system-b.Peripheral nervous system-c.Neuromuscular junction-

a. In blood vessels b. in the heart c. in the lungs (bronchial smooth muscle) d. In the eye e. Salivary glands: f.presynaptic regulation g.postsynaptic regulation ix. Mode of action of autonomic nervous system drugs a. Direct effect on receptors b.Influence the Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Transfer and Storage of the Neurotransmitter. x. Classification of autonomic nervous system drugs a. Cholinergic nerve agonists b. Cholinergic nerve antagonists c. Adrenergic nerve agonists d. Adrenergic nerve antagonists xi. Function of autonomicnervous system a.Functions of the sympathetic system: b.Functions of the parasympathetic system Cholinoceptor-Activating and Cholinesterase-Inhibiting Drugs Total hours required = 4 Total Classes required = 2 Days of Study = Tue, Wed Period of Study = Week 3&4 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class XI i. Mode of action of cholinomimetic drugs ii. The classification of cholinoceptor agonist a.Muscarinic receptors stimulants: pilocarpine b.N icotinic receptors stimulants: nicotine c.Muscarinic and nicotinic receptors stimulants iii. Organ system effect of muscarinic receptors stimulants a. Eye b. Cardiovascular system￾c.Smooth muscle: Constriction of smooth muscle d. Glands iv.Organ system effect of nicotinic receptors stimulants a.Central nervous system￾b.Peripheral nervous system￾c.Neuromuscular junction-

b. Lecture I Class XIIiTheclassificationofthecholinesterasesa.Acetylcholinesterase:ACHb.Pseudocholinesterase:succinylcholineii.The classification of cholinesterase inhibitorsa.Reversiblecholinesterase inhibitors(physostigmineneostigmine)b.Irreversiblecholinesteraseinhibitors(organophosphate)ili.Organ system effectof cholinesterase inhibitorsa.Central nervous systemb.Eye,respiratorytract,gastrointestinal tractc.Cardiovascular systemd.Neuromuscular junction-iv.Clinical uses ofthecholinomimeticsa. The Eyeb.Gastrointestinal and urinary tractsc.Neuromuscular Junctiond.Heart:e.AntimuscarinicDrugIntoxicationv.Toxicitya..Direct-Acting Muscarinic Stimulantsb.Direct-ActingNicotinic Stimulants:c.CholinesteraseInhibitorsvi Specific cholinomimetic drugsa. M-cholinoceptor Agonists :Pilocarpineb.CholinesteraseInhibitors:Neostigmine(Prostigmine)c.Cholinesterase Inhibitors:OrganophosphatesCholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs2Total hours required =-1Total Classes required =ThuDaysof Study=Period of Study=Week1&2-FirstsemesterLecture1 Class XIIIi.Theclassification of cholinoceptor-blockingDrugsa.Mreceptors blocking Drugsb. N receptors blocking Drugsii.ChemistryandPharmacokineticsoftheMreceptorsblocking drugs

b. Lecture 1 Class XII i. The classification of the cholinesterases a.Acetylcholinesterase: ACH b.Pseudocholinesterase: succinylcholine ii. The classification of cholinesterase inhibitors a. Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors(physostigmine, neostigmine) b. Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors(organophosphate) iii. Organ system effect of cholinesterase inhibitors a. Central nervous system b. Eye, respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract c. Cardiovascular system d. Neuromuscular junction￾iv. Clinical uses of the cholinomimetics a. The Eye b. Gastrointestinal and urinary tracts c. Neuromuscular Junction d. Heart: e. Antimuscarinic Drug Intoxication v.Toxicity a.Direct-Acting Muscarinic Stimulants: b. Direct-Acting Nicotinic Stimulants: c. Cholinesterase Inhibitors vi Specific cholinomimetic drugs a. M-cholinoceptor Agonists : Pilocarpine b. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Neostigmine (Prostigmine) c. Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Organophosphates Cholinoceptor-Blocking Drugs Total hours required = 2 Total Classes required = 1 Days of Study = Thu Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester Lecture 1 Class XIII i. The classification of cholinoceptor -blocking Drugs a. M receptors blocking Drugs b. N receptors blocking Drugs ii. Chemistry and Pharmacokinetics of the M receptors blocking drugs

a. Source and chemistry:b.Absorptionc.Distribution:d.Metabolism and Excretion:ii.OrganSystemEffectsof theMreceptorsblockingdrugsa.Eye-b.Cardiovascular system-c..Smoothmuscle:Constrictionof smooth muscled. Glands-e.Centralnervoussystemiv.Clinical uses of the M receptors blocking drugsa.Central Nervous System Disorders(Parkinson'sdisease,Motion sickness)b,OphthalmologicDisordersc.Relaxationofsmoothmusclespasmd.Cardiovascular Disorderse.Cholinergic Poisoningv.AdverseEffects oftheMreceptors blocking drugsvi.Contraindications of theMreceptors blockingdrugsvi.OrganSystemEffectsof theNireceptorsblockingdrugsa. Central nervous systemb.Eyec.Cardiovascular systemd.Gastrointestinal tracte.Othersystemsf.Responsetoautonomicdrugs-vili. Clinical uses of the Ni receptors blocking drugsix.AdverseEffectsoftheNireceptorsblockingdrugsx.OrganSystemEffectsoftheN2receptorsblockingdrugsxi Clinical uses of the N2 receptors blocking drugsxii.AdverseEffectsoftheN2receptorsblockingdrugsAdrenoceptor-Activating&Other sympathomimetic drugs4Total hours required =2Total Classes required =Days of Study=Fri, MonPeriod of Study =Week1&2-First semestera. Lecture 1 Class XIViThemode&spectrumofactionofsympathomimeticdrugsa. Direct-acting agonists

a. Source and chemistry: b. Absorption c. Distribution: d. Metabolism and Excretion: iii. Organ System Effects of the M receptors blocking drugs a. Eye￾b. Cardiovascular system￾c.Smooth muscle: Constriction of smooth muscle d. Glands￾e.Central nervous system iv.Clinical uses of the M receptors blocking drugs a. Central Nervous System Disorders(Parkinson’s disease,Motion sickness) b. Ophthalmologic Disorders c. Relaxation of smooth muscle spasm d. Cardiovascular Disorders e. Cholinergic Poisoning v. Adverse Effects of the M receptors blocking drugs vi. Contraindications of the M receptors blocking drugs vii. Organ System Effects of the N1 receptors blocking drugs a. Central nervous system b. Eye c. Cardiovascular system d. Gastrointestinal tract e. Other systems f.Response to autonomic drugs￾viii. Clinical uses of the N1 receptors blocking drugs ix. Adverse Effects of the N1 receptors blocking drugs x. Organ System Effects of the N2 receptors blocking drugs xi. Clinical uses of the N2 receptors blocking drugs xii. Adverse Effects of the N2 receptors blocking drugs Adrenoceptor-Activating & Other sympathomimetic drugs Total hours required = 4 Total Classes required = 2 Days of Study = Fri, Mon Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester a. Lecture 1 Class XIV i. The mode &spectrum of action of sympathomimetic drugs. a. Direct-acting agonists

b. Indirect-acting agonistc.Mixed-action agonistii.The identificationof adrenoceptorsii,Chemistry&pharmacokineticsof sympathomimeticdrugsiv.The classification of adrenergic agonistsv.Characteristics of adrenergic agonistsa. Catecholaminesb.Non-catecholaminesvi.Organ system effects of sympathomimetica.Cardiovascular systemb.Eyec. Respiratory Tractd.Gastrointestinal Tracte.Genitourinary Tractf.Exocrine Glandsg. Metabolic Effectsh,EffectOnEndocrineFunctionAndLeukocytosisiEffectOnTheCentral NervousSystemvi.Clinical uses of sympathomimetica.CardiovascularApplicationsb.RespiratoryApplications:Bronchialasthmac. Anaphylaxis:d.OphthalmicApplicationse.GenitourinaryApplicationsf.Central Nervous System Applicationsg. Additional Therapeutic Uses:vili.Toxicity of sympathomimetic drugsb. Lecture 2 Class XViSpecific sympathomimeticdrugsa. Mixed α and β agonists :Epinephrineb.α receptor agonists Norepinephrinec.βReceptorAgonists Isoprenalined.DopamineReceptorAgonists:DopamineAdrenoceptorAntagonist Drugs2Total hours required =1Total Classes required =TueDays of Study=Test=WednesdayPeriod of Study=Week1&2-First semester

b. Indirect-acting agonist c. Mixed–action agonist ii. The identification of adrenoceptors iii. Chemistry & pharmacokinetics of sympathomimetic drugs iv. The classification of adrenergic agonists v. Characteristics of adrenergic agonists a. Catecholamines b. Non-catecholamines vi. Organ system effects of sympathomimetic a. Cardiovascular system b. Eye c. Respiratory Tract d. Gastrointestinal Tract e. Genitourinary Tract f. Exocrine Glands g. Metabolic Effects h. Effect On Endocrine Function And Leukocytosis i. Effect On The Central Nervous System vii.Clinical uses of sympathomimetic a. Cardiovascular Applications b. Respiratory Applications: Bronchial asthma c. Anaphylaxis: d. Ophthalmic Applications e. Genitourinary Applications f. Central Nervous System Applications: g. Additional Therapeutic Uses: viii. Toxicity of sympathomimetic drugs b. Lecture 2 Class XV i.Specific sympathomimetic drugs a. Mixed  and  agonists : Epinephrine b. receptor agonists Norepinephrine c.  Receptor Agonists Isoprenaline d. Dopamine Receptor Agonists : Dopamine Adrenoceptor Antagonist Drugs Total hours required = 2 Total Classes required = 1 Days of Study = Tue Test= Wednesday Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester

Lecture1 ClassXVIiTheclassification of theadrenoceptorantagonist drugsii.Pharmacologiceffectsof theαreceptoantagonistdrugsa.cardiovascular effectsb.other effectsili.Clinical pharmacology of the α antagonist drugsiv.Specificagents:Phentolamine,Phenoxybenzamine,Prazosin,Yohimbinev.Pharmacokinetic properties oftheB antagonist drugsa.Absorptionb.Bioavailabilityc.DistributionandClearancevi.Pharmacodynamicsof theBRAntagonistDrugsa.Effectsonthecardiovasularsystemb.EffectsontheRespiratoryTract:c.EffectsontheEyed.Metabolic and EndocrineEffects:e.Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity(partial agonists)f.EffectsnotrelatedtoBetablockadevii.Clinical pharmacologyof theB antagaonist drugsvili Clinical toxicity ofthe B antagonist drugsSedative-Hypnotic Drugs2Total hours required =-1Total Classes required =TueDays of Study=Test=WednesdayPeriod of Study =Week1&2-First semesterLecture 1 Class XVIIiBASICPHARMACOLOGYOFSEDATIVE-HYPNOTICSi.CHEMICALCLASSIFICATIONiiTHEBENZODIAZEPINES&BARBITURATESa.PharmacokineticsiAbsorptionii. Distributionii.Biotransformationiv.Excretionv.FactorsAffectingBiodisposition

Lecture 1 Class XVI i. The classification of the adrenoceptor antagonist drugs ii. Pharmacologic effects of the  recepto antagonist drugs a. cardiovascular effects b. other effects iii.Clinical pharmacology of the  antagonist drugs iv. Specific agents: Phentolamine, Phenoxybenzamine,Prazosin ,Yohimbine v. Pharmacokinetic properties of the ß antagonist drugs a. Absorption b. Bioavailability c. Distribution and Clearance vi. Pharmacodynamics of the ß R Antagonist Drugs a. Effects on the cardiovasular system b. Effects on the Respiratory Tract: c. Effects on the Eye d. Metabolic and Endocrine Effects: e. Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (partial agonists) f. Effects not related to Beta blockade vii. Clinical pharmacology of the ß antagaonist drugs viii. Clinical toxicity of the ß antagonist drugs Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs Total hours required = 2 Total Classes required = 1 Days of Study = Tue Test= Wednesday Period of Study = Week 1&2 –First semester Lecture 1 Class XVII i. BASIC PHARMACOLOGY OF SEDATIVE￾HYPNOTICS ii. CHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION iii. THE BENZODIAZEPINES & BARBITURATES a. Pharmacokinetics i. Absorption ii. Distribution iii. Biotransformation iv. Excretion v. Factors Affecting Biodisposition