上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 5.3 Microbial Growth（Environmental Effects on Microbial Growth）

上泽文通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Lecture 5-3 Microbial Growth IV.Environmental Effects on Microbial Growth Zhao Liping,Chen Feng School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn

Lecture 5-3 Microbial Growth IV. Environmental Effects on Microbial Growth Zhao Liping, Chen Feng School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn

上游充廷大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University T IV.Environmental factors affecting bacterial growth ©Temperature pH Osmolarity /ater activity Oxygen No.2 Shanghai Jiao Tong University

No.2 Shanghai Jiao Tong University IV. Environmental factors affecting bacterial growth Temperature pH Osmolarity /Water activity Oxygen

上泽充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 5.10 Effect of Temperature on Growth 5.10.1 Cardinal temperatures基本温度 Minimum temperature最低生长温度 temperature below which growth no longer occurs Optimum temperature最适生长温度 temperature at which growth is most rapid Maximum temperature.最高生长温度 temperature above which growth is not possible No.3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University

No.3 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 5.10 Effect of Temperature on Growth 5.10.1 Cardinal temperatures基本温度 Minimum temperature最低生长温度 • temperature below which growth no longer occurs Optimum temperature最适生长温度 • temperature at which growth is most rapid Maximum temperature最高生长温度 • temperature above which growth is not possible

上泽充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University Cardinal temperatures基本温度 are generally characteristic of each type of organism but they can be modified slightly by other factors of the environment;in particular,by the composition of the growth medium. No.4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University

No.4 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Cardinal temperatures基本温度 are generally characteristic of each type of organism but they can be modified slightly by other factors of the environment; in particular, by the composition of the growth medium

Cardinal temperatures and the molecular consequences for the ce基本温度与分子活性的关系 Enzymatic reactions occurring at maximal possible rate Optimum ajel Enzymatic reactions occurring at increasingly rapid rates Minimum Maximum Temperature Membrane gelling;transport Protein denaturation;collapse processes so slow that growth of the cytoplasmic membrane; cannot occur thermal lysis 2012 Pearson Educaticn,Inc

Cardinal temperatures and the molecular consequences for the cell基本温度与分子活性的关系

The optimum temperature is always nearer the maximum than the minimum. Enzymatic reactions occurring at maximal possible rate Optimum ajel Enzymatic reactions occurring at increasingly rapid rates Minimum Maximum Temperature Membrane gelling;transport Protein denaturation;collapse processes so slow that growth of the cytoplasmic membrane; cannot occur thermal lysis 2012 Pearson Educaticn,Inc

The optimum temperature is always nearer the maximum than the minimum

10femperature classes of organisms生物的温度类型 @Psychrophilel嗜冷菌 @Psychrotrophs//Facultative psychrophilei耐冷菌/兼性 嗜冷菌 Mesophile嗜温菌 Thermophilel嗜热菌 Hyperthermophile极端嗜热菌 No.7 Shanghai Jiao Tong University

No.7 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 5.10.2Temperature classes of organisms 生物的温度类型 Psychrophile嗜冷菌 Psychrotrophs/ Facultative psychrophile耐冷菌/兼性 嗜冷菌 Mesophile嗜温菌 Thermophile嗜热菌 Hyperthermophile极端嗜热菌

Temperature classes Psychrophiles:growth well at 0 C and have an optimum growth temperature of 15 C or lower;the maximum is around20C.嗜冷菌 Thermophile Example: Geobacillus Hyperthermophile Hyperthermophile stearothermophilus Example: Example: Mesophile Thermococcus celer Pyrolobus fumarii Example: 60° Escherichia coli 88° 106° yiMO5 Psychrophile 39° Example: Polaromonas vacuolata 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 Temperature(C) 2012 Pearson Education.Inc

Temperature classes Psychrophiles: growth well at 0 C and have an optimum growth temperature of 15 C or lower; the maximum is around 20 C.嗜冷菌

Psychrotolerant/facultative psychrophiles:can grow at 0 to 7 C even though they have optima between 20 and 30 C,and maxima at about35C.耐冷菌 Thermophile Example: Geobacillus Hyperthermophile Hyperthermophile stearothermophilus Example: Example: Mesophile Thermococcus celer Pyrolobus fumarii Example: 60° Escherichia coli 88° 106° Psychrophile 39° Example: Polaromonas vacuolata 4 0 10 20 3040 50 60 70 80 90100 110 120 Temperature(C) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

Psychrotolerant/ facultative psychrophiles: can grow at 0 to 7 C even though they have optima between 20 and 30 C, and maxima at about 35 C.耐冷菌 Facultative psychrophile

Mesophiles:grow optima around 20-45 C;they often have a temperature minimum of 15-20C.Their maximum is about 45C or lower. Thermophile Example: Geobacillus Hyperthermophile Hyperthermophile stearothermophilus Example: Example: Mesophile Thermococcus celer Pyrolobus fumarii Example: 60° Escherichia coli 88° 106° Psychrophile 39° Example: Polaromonas vacuolata 4 0 10 20 3040 50 60 70 80 90100 110 120 Temperature(C) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

Mesophiles: grow optima around 20-45 C; they often have a temperature minimum of 15-20C. Their maximum is about 45C or lower