上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 3 Microbial Cell Biology（3.2）Cell Membrances and Cell Walls

上充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Lecture 3-2 Microbial cell biology Chapter 3 in 8 BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS AO TONG Zhao Liping,Chen Feng College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn

Lecture 3-2 Microbial cell biology Chapter 3 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS Zhao Liping, Chen Feng College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University http://micro.sjtu.edu.cn

上泽充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 3.4 Cell Morphology and the Significance of Being Small Major Bacterial Cell Morphologies ·Coccus(plural,.cocci)球菌 ·Rod杆菌 ·Spirillum(plural,,spirilla)螺菌 ·Spirochetes.螺旋体 ·Appendaged bacteria带附器的细菌 ·Filamentous bacteria丝状细菌 Shanghal Jlao Tona Universtty

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Major Bacterial Cell Morphologies • Coccus (plural, cocci)球菌 • Rod杆菌 • Spirillum (plural, spirilla)螺菌 • Spirochetes螺旋体 • Appendaged bacteria带附器的细菌 • Filamentous bacteria丝状细菌 3.4 Cell Morphology and the Significance of Being Small

Figure 3.1 Coccus Spirochete Stalk Hypha Rod Budding and appendaged bacteria Spirillum Filamentous bacteria 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

Figure 3.1 Coccus Rod Spirillum Spirochete Stalk Hypha Budding and appendaged bacteria Filamentous bacteria © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc

上泽充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University The size of microbial cells Prokaryotes vary dramatically in both size and volume from cells smaller than 0.2 um in diameter to those more than 50 um in diameter. Most very large prokaryotes are either sulfur chemolithotrophs or cyanobacteria.多数大型的 原核生物为化能无机营养生物或蓝细菌 Shanghal Jlao Tona Universtty

Shanghai Jiao Tong University The size of microbial cells Prokaryotes vary dramatically in both size and volume from cells smaller than 0.2 m in diameter to those more than 50 m in diameter. Most very large prokaryotes are either sulfur chemolithotrophs or cyanobacteria.多数大型的 原核生物为化能无机营养生物或蓝细菌

上泽克通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Significance of being small (1): metabolism Nutrients and waste products pass more readily into and out of a small cell,thus accelerating cellular metabolism and growth.营养物和代谢 废物更易进出小型细胞，从而加速代谢和生长 Reason:surface-to-volume (S/)ratio Shanghal Jlao Tona Universtty

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Significance of being small (1): metabolism Nutrients and waste products pass more readily into and out of a small cell, thus accelerating cellular metabolism and growth. 营养物和代谢 废物更易进出小型细胞,从而加速代谢和生长. • Reason: surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio

Figure 3.3 r=1 um _=1m Surface area(4元r2)=12.6μm2 Volume(3πr3)=4.2um3 Surface Volume 3 r=2 um r=2um Surface area 50.3 um2 Volume 33.5 um3 Surfac Volum 2=1.5 Relative to cell volume,small cells contain more surface area than do large cells:higher surface-to-volume(S)ratio高比表面积 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

Figure 3.3 r = 1 m r = 2 m r = 1 m r = 2 m Surface area (4r 2 ) = 12.6 m2 Volume ( r 3 ) = 4.2 m3 Surface area = 50.3 m2 Volume = 33.5 m3 3 4 Surface Volume = 3 Surface Volume = 1.5 © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Relative to cell volume, small cells contain more surface area than do large cells: higher surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio高比表面积

上帝充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Significance of being small(2):evolution Per unit of available resources,small cells will typically develop larger populations larger cell populations mean more cell divisions more mutations accumulate from spontaneous errors in DNA replication →mutations are'‘row materia'that drives evolutionary change Shanghal Jlao Tona Universtty

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Significance of being small (2): evolution Per unit of available resources, small cells will typically develop larger populations larger cell populations mean more cell divisions more mutations accumulate from spontaneous errors in DNA replication mutations are ‘row material’ that drives evolutionary change

上泽充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Il.Cell Membrances and Cell Walls 3.5 Cytoplasmic membranes:Structure 3.6 Cytoplasmic membranes:Function 3.7 Membrane transport systems 圈3.8 Cell Wall 3.9 The Outer Membrance of Gram-negative Bacteria Shanghal Jlao Tona Universtty

Shanghai Jiao Tong University II. Cell Membrances and Cell Walls 3.5 Cytoplasmic membranes: Structure 3.6 Cytoplasmic membranes: Function 3.7 Membrane transport systems 3.8 Cell Wall 3.9 The Outer Membrance of Gram-negative Bacteria

上充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 3.5 Cytoplasmic membranes:Structure Question: How cells collect and uptake nutrients from the environment? p.66 section 4.5

3.5 Cytoplasmic membranes: Structure Question: How cells collect and uptake nutrients from the environment? p.66 section 4.5

上帝充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Cytoplasmic membrane:细胞膜 a thin structure that completely surrounds the cell. Physical barrier separating inside of a cell from its outside environment..是细胞的物理屏障 Highly selective permeability barrier enabling a cell to concentrate specific metabolites and excrete waste materials.是细胞吸收营养物或排出废物的选 择透性屏障 Membrane Permeability

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Cytoplasmic membrane细胞膜 a thin structure that completely surrounds the cell. • Physical barrier separating inside of a cell from its outside environment. 是细胞的物理屏障 • Highly selective permeability barrier enabling a cell to concentrate specific metabolites and excrete waste materials. 是细胞吸收营养物或排出废物的选 择透性屏障 Membrane Permeability