上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 14.1 Methods in Microbial Ecology（Culture-dependent analysis of microbial communities 基于培养的微生物群落研究）

上泽充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 通 Lecture 14-1 MMM Methods in Microbial Ecology CHAPTER22 in86 BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS IAO TONG Chen Feng School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Email:cf2001@situ.edu.cn

1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 14-1 Methods in Microbial Ecology Chen Feng School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Email: cf2001@sjtu.edu.cn CHAPTER 22 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS

上泽充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 1.Culture-dependent analysis of microbial communities HANC 1日 基于培养的微生物群落研究 TON

1896 1920 1987 2006 I. Culture-dependent analysis of microbial communities 基于培养的微生物群落研究

14.1 Enrichment and Isolation Enrichment culture:a medium and a set of incubation conditions are chosen that are selective for the desired organism and counterselective for undesired organisms.富集 培养：培养基和培养条件可使某生物选择性地生长或不生 长 Both the culture medium and the incubation conditions are critical. Microbiology.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 14.1 Enrichment and Isolation Enrichment culture: a medium and a set of incubation conditions are chosen that are selective for the desired organism and counterselective for undesired organisms. 富集 培养: 培养基和培养条件可使某生物选择性地生长或不生 长. Both the culture medium and the incubation conditions are critical

Mineral salts medium containing mannitol but +NH4+plate lacking NH4+,NO3,or organic nitrogen. -NH4+plate Incubate Soil aerobically NH4+ +NH4+plate Flash -NH4+plate 2012 Pearson Education,Inc. The isolation of Azotobacter(aerobic N2 fixing bacteria)and its relatives.固氮菌的分离

The isolation of Azotobacter (aerobic N2- fixing bacteria) and its relatives. 固氮菌的分离 Flash

Enrichment The Winogradsky Column An artificial microbial ecosystem e Serves as a long-term source of bacteria for enrichment cultures Named for Sergei Winogradsky First used in late 19th century to study soil microorganisms Microbiology.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University The Winogradsky Column • An artificial microbial ecosystem • Serves as a long-term source of bacteria for enrichment cultures • Named for Sergei Winogradsky • First used in late 19th century to study soil microorganisms Enrichment

Gradients Column Foil cap 02 Algae and cyanobacteria Lake or pond water Purple nonsulfur bacteria Sulfur Mud chemolithotrophs supplemented- Patches of purple with organic sulfur or green nutrients sulfur bacteria and CaSO4 H2S Anoxic decomposition and sulfate (a) reduction 2012 Pearson Education,Inc. Winogradsky Column:a miniature anoxic ecosystem.Its has been used to isolate purple and green phototrophic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria,and many other anaerobes.一个缩微 的厌氧生态系统。可用于分离紫色和绿色光合菌、硫还原细菌和其它的厌氧菌

Winogradsky Column: a miniature anoxic ecosystem. Its has been used to isolate purple and green phototrophic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and many other anaerobes.一个缩微 的厌氧生态系统。可用于分离紫色和绿色光合菌、硫还原细菌和其它的厌氧菌

Enrichment bias Microorganisms cultured in the lab are frequently only minor components of the microbial ecosystem Reason:the nutrients available in the lab culture are typically much higher than in nature实验室培养基的 营养更易获取 Microbiology.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Microorganisms cultured in the lab are frequently only minor components of the microbial ecosystem • Reason: the nutrients available in the lab culture are typically much higher than in nature 实验室培养基的 营养更易获取 Enrichment bias

(b) 2012 Pearson Education,inc. The Winogradsky Column:remained anoxic up to the top where blooms of three different phototrophic bacteria have occurred in the mud and up into the water column

The Winogradsky Column: remained anoxic up to the top where blooms of three different phototrophic bacteria have occurred in the mud and up into the water column

14.2 Isolation Aerobes that form distinct colonies on plates are very easy to purify by culture methods. 形成单菌落的好氧菌易于纯化 Oxygen-tolerant anaerobes:plate isolations also work well if the plates are put under anoxic conditions immediately after streaking.耐氧的 厌氧菌可在划线后立即置厌氧环境培养 Microbiology.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 14.2 Isolation Aerobes that form distinct colonies on plates are very easy to purify by culture methods. 可 形成单菌落的好氧菌易于纯化 Oxygen-tolerant anaerobes: plate isolations also work well if the plates are put under anoxic conditions immediately after streaking. 耐氧的 厌氧菌可在划线后立即置厌氧环境培养

Pure cultures Pure cultures contain a single kind of microorganism Can be obtained by streak ●●● plate,agar shake,or liquid 6s●他● 66606 6ti dilution ee●6et●●ee●● (a) Colonies 2012 Pearson Education.Inc

Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Pure cultures contain a single kind of microorganism • Can be obtained by streak plate, agar shake, or liquid dilution Pure cultures