上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 16.1 Microbial Evolution and Systematics 微生物演化与系统分类（EARLY EARTH, THE ORIGIN OF LIFE, AND MICROBIAL DIVERSIFICATION）

上泽文通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 16-1 Microbial Evolution and Systematics 微生物演化与系统分类 Chapter 16 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS ALIAO TONG UNI Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 16-1 Microbial Evolution and Systematics 微生物演化与系统分类 Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chapter 16 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS

Preface The evolutionary history of prokaryotes mirrors the evolutionary history of Earth itself Of the 4.6 billion years that Earth has existed, prokaryotes have thrived for over 4/5 of this time. 原核生物的进化史影射了地球的进化史.在地球存在的46 亿年中，原核生物在其中超过4/5的时间里与地球共存 Chen Feng,Microbiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Preface The evolutionary history of prokaryotes mirrors the evolutionary history of Earth itself. Of the 4.6 billion years that Earth has existed, prokaryotes have thrived for over 4/5 of this time. 原核生物的进化史影射了地球的进化史.在地球存在的46 亿年中, 原核生物在其中超过4/5的时间里与地球共存

上降充通大学 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 I.EARLY EARTH,THE ORIGIN OF LIFE, AND MICROBIAL DIVERSIFICATION 宫8 早期地球，生命起源与微生物的多样化 JIAO TONG

1896 1920 1987 2006 I. EARLY EARTH, THE ORIGIN OF LIFE, AND MICROBIAL DIVERSIFICATION 早期地球，生命起源与微生物的多样化

12.1 Early Microbial Life on Earth ©Origin of Earth e Earth is about 4.6 billions years old Chen Feng,Microbiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 12.1 Early Microbial Life on Earth Origin of Earth • Earth is about 4.6 billions years old

12.1.1 Conditions on Early Earth:hot and Anoxic Much hotter than now,Liquid water existed 3.86 billion years ago早期地球很热，而液态水在38.6乙 年前开始存在 The atmosphere of early Earth constituted a reducing environment.地球早期大气为还原性环境 H,O/Methane(CH)/Carbon dioxide (CO2)/Nitogen (N2)/Ammonia(NH3) Trace amounts of CO,H2,considerable amounts of sulfide and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) Without 02 Chen Feng,Microbiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 12.1.1 Conditions on Early Earth: hot and Anoxic Much hotter than now, Liquid water existed 3.86 billion years ago 早期地球很热, 而液态水在38.6亿 年前开始存在. The atmosphere of early Earth constituted a reducing environment.地球早期大气为还原性环境 • H2O/ Methane (CH4 )/ Carbon dioxide (CO2 )/ Nitogen (N2 )/ Ammonia (NH3 ) • Trace amounts of CO, H2 , considerable amounts of sulfide and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) • Without O2

12.1.2 Evidence for Life on early Earth: Stromatolites叠层石 Stromatolites:Fossilized microbial mats consisting of layers of filamentous prokaryotes and trapped sediments.叠层石：由丝状原核生物与层积物层积而 成的微生物化石 Ancient stromatolites were formed by filamentous phototrophic bacteria,perhaps relatives of the green nonsulfur bacterium chloroflexus.远古时期的 叠层石由丝状光合细菌组成，它们可能是绿色非硫菌 绿屈挠菌属的近亲 Chen Feng,Microbiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 12.1.2 Evidence for Life on early Earth: Stromatolites 叠层石 Stromatolites: Fossilized microbial mats consisting of layers of filamentous prokaryotes and trapped sediments. 叠层石: 由丝状原核生物与层积物层积而 成的微生物化石. Ancient stromatolites were formed by filamentous phototrophic bacteria, perhaps relatives of the green nonsulfur bacterium chloroflexus.远古时期的 叠层石由丝状光合细菌组成, 它们可能是绿色非硫菌 绿屈挠菌属的近亲

The oldest known stromatolite-3.5billion years old (a) Stromatolites of conical shape-1.6 billion years old (b) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

The oldest known stromatolite-3.5billion years old Stromatolites of conical shape-1.6 billion years old

Modern stromatolites in a warm marine bay Western Australia暖洋海港中的现代叠层石 (c) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc. (e) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

Modern stromatolites in a warm marine bay , Western Australia 暖洋海港中的现代叠层石

Modern stromatolites composed of thermophilic cyanobacteria in Yellow Stone National Park由嗜热蓝细菌形成的现 代叠层石 (d) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc. about 2 cm high

Modern stromatolites composed of thermophilic cyanobacteria in Yellow Stone National Park 由嗜热蓝细菌形成的现 代叠层石 about 2 cm high

Fossil organisms-prokaryotes:a rock genic phototrophs,or filamentous sulfur chemolithothophs原核生物化石：岩生光合菌及丝 状化能无机自养硫细菌 (a) 2012 Pearson Education.Inc

Fossil organisms-prokaryotes: a rock genic phototrophs, or filamentous sulfur chemolithothophs 原核生物化石: 岩生光合菌及丝 状化能无机自养硫细菌