上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 18.1 Diversity of Eucaryotic Microbe（Eukaryotic Microorganisms）Eukaryotic cell structure function and genetics、Eukaryotic Microbial Diversity

上泽充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 通 Chapter 18-1 Eukaryotic Microorganisms Chapter 20 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS AO TONG Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

1896 1920 1987 2006 Chapter 18-1 Eukaryotic Microorganisms Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chapter 20 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS

Eukaryotic Microorganisms Molds Mushrooms Fungi Yeasts Slime molds Algae Protozoa Chen Feng.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Molds Mushrooms Fungi Yeasts Slime molds Algae Protozoa Eukaryotic Microorganisms

Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms. They are nonphotosynthetic and typically form reproductive spores.真菌为异养真核生物，非光合，一 般可形成繁殖的孢子 Algae are phototrophic eukaryotes that contain photosynthetic pigments within chloroplast藻类是光 合真核生物，在其叶绿体中有光合色素. Protozoa are animallike protists exhibiting heterotrophic nutrition and they can be defined as usually motile eukaryotic unicellular microorganisms. 原生生物是类似动物的低等异养真核生物，常定义为 可运动的单细胞真核微生物

Fungi are heterotrophic eukaryotic microorganisms. They are nonphotosynthetic and typically form reproductive spores.真菌为异养真核生物,非光合,一 般可形成繁殖的孢子. Algae are phototrophic eukaryotes that contain photosynthetic pigments within chloroplast藻类是光 合真核生物,在其叶绿体中有光合色素. Protozoa are animallike protists exhibiting heterotrophic nutrition and they can be defined as usually motile eukaryotic unicellular microorganisms. 原生生物是类似动物的低等异养真核生物, 常定义为 可运动的单细胞真核微生物

上泽充通大睾 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 I.Eukaryotic cell structure/ function and genetics SHANCHALIIAO TONG UNIVERSIT V

1896 1920 1987 2006 I. Eukaryotic cell structure/ function and genetics

18.1 Eukaryotic cell structure and the nucleus The DNA in a prokaryote is not partitioned away within the cell,while eukaryotes contain a membrane- enclosed nucleus.有膜分隔的细胞核 Most eukaryotes have other types of intracellular structures:organelles多数具有细胞器 Chen Feng.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 18.1 Eukaryotic cell structure and the nucleus The DNA in a prokaryote is not partitioned away within the cell, while eukaryotes contain a membrane￾enclosed nucleus.有膜分隔的细胞核 Most eukaryotes have other types of intracellular structures: organelles 多数具有细胞器

Microtubules Mitochondrion Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum Flagellum Cytoplasmic、 membrane Mitochondrion Ribosomes Microfilaments Peroxisome Lysosome Golgi complex Chloroplast Nuclear envelope Nucleus Nuclear pores Nucleolus Figure 14-1 Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11/e 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. Schematic view of a eukaryotic cell

Schematic view of a eukaryotic cell

Nucleus细胞核 Nuclear membrane:consists of a pair of unit membranes. Nuclear membrane contains pores. Nucleolus:an area rich in RNA that is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.核仁 Ribosomal proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are transported into the nucleolus and combined with rRNA to form the small and large subunits (they are then exported to cytoplasm). Chen Feng.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Nucleus细胞核 Nuclear membrane: consists of a pair of unit membranes. Nuclear membrane contains pores. Nucleolus: an area rich in RNA that is the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis.核仁 • Ribosomal proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are transported into the nucleolus and combined with rRNA to form the small and large subunits (they are then exported to cytoplasm)

18.2 Respiratory Organelles: Mitochondrion Hydrogenosome Mitochondrion线粒体 In aerobic eukaryotic cells the processes of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation are localized here.呼吸与氧化磷酸化场所 Prokaryotic size and rod-shaped or nearly spherical. Its membrane lacks sterols,is much less rigid than eukaryotic cell membrane..膜成份不含固醇 Chen Feng.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 18.2 Respiratory Organelles: Mitochondrion & Hydrogenosome Mitochondrion线粒体 In aerobic eukaryotic cells the processes of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation are localized here.呼吸与氧化磷酸化场所 Prokaryotic size and rod-shaped or nearly spherical. Its membrane lacks sterols, is much less rigid than eukaryotic cell membrane. 膜成份不含固醇

Inner membrane Matrix 基质 嵴 Cristae 2 Porous outer membrane Figure 14-3a Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11/e 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. Structure of mitochondrion

Structure of mitochondrion 嵴 基质

Hydrogenosome氢化酶体 Some eukaryotic microorganisms lack mitochondria but contain hydrogenosome. All either obligate or aerotolerant anaerobes whose metabolism is strictly fermentative. Similar size to mitochondria,however,lack TCA cycle enzymes and cristae Oxidation of pyruvate to H2,CO2,and acetate Trichomonas and various ciliated protists have hydrogenosomes 滴虫 Chen Feng.Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Chen Feng, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Hydrogenosome氢化酶体 Some eukaryotic microorganisms lack mitochondria but contain hydrogenosome. • All either obligate or aerotolerant anaerobes whose metabolism is strictly fermentative. Similar size to mitochondria, however, lack TCA cycle enzymes and cristae • Oxidation of pyruvate to H2 , CO2 , and acetate • Trichomonas and various ciliated protists have hydrogenosomes 滴虫