上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 17.2 Diversity of Bacteria（Other Bacteria）

上帝充通大睾 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 17-2 Diversity of Bacteria: Other Bacteria =703> Chapter 18 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS I JIAO TONG UNIVE Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University CHEN FENG,MICROBIOLOGY,SJTU

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU 1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 17-2 Diversity of Bacteria: Other Bacteria Chapter 18 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Overview of Gram-Positive and Other Bacteria Bacteria has many phyla other than Proteobacteria,including -Gram-positive bacteria Large group of mostly chemoorganotrophs -Cyanobacteria Oxygenic phototrophs that have evolutionary roots near those of gram-positive bacteria -Phylogenetically early-branching phyla ·Such as Aquifex产液菌属 Other morphologically distinct groups CHEN FENG,MICROBIOLOGY,SJTU

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU Overview of Gram-Positive and Other Bacteria • Bacteria has many phyla other than Proteobacteria, including – Gram-positive bacteria • Large group of mostly chemoorganotrophs – Cyanobacteria • Oxygenic phototrophs that have evolutionary roots near those of gram-positive bacteria – Phylogenetically early-branching phyla • Such as Aquifex 产液菌属 – Other morphologically distinct groups

I.Firmicutes,Mollicutes,and Actinobacteria 厚壁菌门，柔膜菌门和放线菌 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes 18.2 Endospore-Forming Firmicutes 18.3 Mollicutes:The Mycoplasmas 18.4 Actinobacteria:Coryneform and Propionic Acid Bacteria 18.5 Actinobacteria:Mycobacterium 18.6 Filamentous Actinobacteria:Streptomyces and Relatives CHEN FENG,MICROBIOLOGY,SJTU

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU I. Firmicutes, Mollicutes, and Actinobacteria 厚壁菌门，柔膜菌门和放线菌 • 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes • 18.2 Endospore-Forming Firmicutes • 18.3 Mollicutes: The Mycoplasmas • 18.4 Actinobacteria: Coryneform and Propionic Acid Bacteria • 18.5 Actinobacteria: Mycobacterium • 18.6 Filamentous Actinobacteria: Streptomyces and Relatives

Firmicutes,Mollicutes,and Actinobacteria 厚壁菌门，柔膜菌门和放线菌 Gram-positive bacteria are a large and diverse group革兰氏阳性菌可分为三大类 Divided into three groups: -Firmicutes -Mollicutes -Actinobacteria CHEN FENG,MICROBIOLOGY,SJTU

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU I. Firmicutes, Mollicutes, and Actinobacteria 厚壁菌门，柔膜菌门和放线菌 • Gram-positive bacteria are a large and diverse group 革兰氏阳性菌可分为三大类 • Divided into three groups: – Firmicutes – Mollicutes – Actinobacteria

18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes Key genera:Staphylococcus,Micrococcus, Streptococcus,Lactobacillus,Sarcina ·Staphylococcus and Micrococcus葡萄球菌属与微球菌属 -Aerobic,cocci好氧，球状 Resistant to reduced water potential -Tolerate high salt耐高盐 -Many species are pigmented许多可产色素 -Staphylococcus aureus金黄色蔔萄球菌 (a) (b)

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes • Key genera: Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Sarcina • Staphylococcus and Micrococcus 葡萄球菌属与微球菌属 – Aerobic, cocci 好氧，球状 – Resistant to reduced water potential – Tolerate high salt 耐高盐 – Many species are pigmented 许多可产色素 – Staphylococcus aureus金黄色葡萄球菌

18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes Sarcina八叠球菌 Obligate anaerobes Extremely acid tolerant Can inhabit and grow in stomachs of monogastric animals分布于单胃动物的胃中 (a) (b) 2012 Pearson Education,Ine

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU • Sarcina 八叠球菌 – Obligate anaerobes – Extremely acid tolerant – Can inhabit and grow in stomachs of monogastric animals 分布于单胃动物的胃中 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes

18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes Lactic Acid Bacteria乳酸菌 Streptococcus链球菌 ·Homofermentative同型发酵 Play important roles in production of buttermilk,silage, and other products Some species are pathogenic Lactococcus:genera of dairy significance乳球菌属 Enterococcus:genera of fecal origin肠球菌属 (a) (b) 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU – Streptococcus 链球菌 • Homofermentative 同型发酵 • Play important roles in production of buttermilk, silage, and other products • Some species are pathogenic – Lactococcus: genera of dairy significance 乳球菌属 – Enterococcus: genera of fecal origin 肠球菌属 Lactic Acid Bacteria 乳酸菌 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes

Table 18.2 Differentiation of the principal genera of lactic acid bacteriaa Cell form and arrangement Genus Cocci in chains or tetrads Homofermentative Streptococcus Enterococcus Lactococcus Pediococcus Heterofermentative Leuconostoc Rods,typically in chains Homofermentative Lactobacillus Heterofermentative Lactobacillus aThe physiology of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria is cov- ered in Section 14.2. 2012 Pearson Education.Inc

Lactobacillus乳杆菌属 业aupn Rod-shaped -Common in dairy (a) products Resistant to acidic conditions ·Grow in pH as low as4 (b) (c) 2012 Pearson Education,Ine

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU • Lactobacillus 乳杆菌属 – Rod-shaped – Common in dairy products – Resistant to acidic conditions • Grow in pH as low as 4 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes

18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes Listeria李斯特菌属 Gram-positive coccobacilli Form chains 3-5 cells long -Require full oxic or microoxic conditions for growth CHEN FENG,MICROBIOLOGY,SJTU

Chen Feng, Microbiology, SJTU • Listeria 李斯特菌属 – Gram-positive coccobacilli – Form chains 3–5 cells long – Require full oxic or microoxic conditions for growth 18.1 Nonsporulating Firmicutes