上海交通大学：《微生物学 Microbiology》课程教学资源（双语课件）Lecture 12.2 Microbial Genomics（Gene Function and Regulation）

上泽充通大￥ Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 12-2 Microbial Genomics Chapter 12 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS AIJIAO TONG UNI Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University

1896 1920 1987 2006 Lecture 12-2 Microbial Genomics Chen Feng School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chapter 12 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS

上帝充通大睾 Shanghai Jiao Tong University 1896 1920 1987 2006 II.Gene Function and Regulation SHANCHALIIAO TONG UNIVERSITY

1896 1920 1987 2006 II. Gene Function and Regulation

12.5 Microarrays /DNA silica chips and Transcriptome基因芯片DA芯片与转录组 Microarrays/gene chips are small solid-state supports to which genes of an organism are affixed 受 and spatially arrayed in a known pattern.基因芯片 GeneChip These genes (or gene fragments)can be hybridized Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 using a variety of probes and then scanned and analyzed by a computer. PN52001g Transcriptome:the entire complemnet of RNA Lot#:SAMPLES Exp Date:00/00/00 For Research Use Only produced under a given set of conditions..转录组 Figure 15-16a Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11/e 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall,Inc. Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology

Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology 12.5 Microarrays /DNA silica chips and Transcriptome 基因芯片/DNA芯片与转录组 Microarrays/ gene chips are small solid-state supports to which genes of an organism are affixed and spatially arrayed in a known pattern. 基因芯片 These genes (or gene fragments) can be hybridized using a variety of probes and then scanned and analyzed by a computer. Transcriptome: the entire complemnet of RNA produced under a given set of conditions.转录组

NC UN 零 4501900000000000005AMs41 GeneChip Human Genome U133Pus2.0 P/N.520019 Lot #SAMPLES Exp Date:00/00/00 For Research Use Only (a) 2012 Pearson Education,Ine. (b) 2012 Pearson Education,Ine Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology

Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology

GeneChip Probe Array Hybridized Probe Feature Single stranded.fluorescently labeled DNA target Oligonucleotide probe 24 um Each probe feature contains millions of copies of a specific oligonucleotide probe Over 200,000 different probes complementary to genetic 1.28cm information of interest Image of Hybridized Probe Array The DNA chip contains probes designed to represent thousands or tens of thousands of genes.DNA芯片中可包含上万基因的探针

The DNA chip contains probes designed to represent thousands or tens of thousands of genes.DNA芯片中可包含上万基因的探针

Gene X Gene Y Gene Z FLASH Synthesize short ss oligo- nucleotides complementary to genes X,Y,and Z Affix DNA to chip at known locations Gene X Gene Y Gene Z DNA chip Growth Growth Probe chip with condition condition labeled mRNA 1 2 and scan chip Gene X expressed Gene X not expressed Genes Y and Z not expressed Genes Y and Z expressed 2012 Pearson Education,Inc

FLASH

12.6 Proteomics蛋白质组学 Profeome:all the proteins present in a cell,tissue,or organism at any one time.蛋白质组：在某一时期的一 个细胞组织/生物中的所有蛋白质 Proteomics or functional genomics:large scale or genomewide study of the structure,function,and regulation of proteins of an organism蛋白质组学功能 基因组学 Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology

Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology 12.6 Proteomics 蛋白质组学 Proteome: all the proteins present in a cell, tissue, or organism at any one time.蛋白质组:在某一时期的一 个细胞/组织/生物中的所有蛋白质. Proteomics or functional genomics: large scale or genomewide study of the structure, function, and regulation of proteins of an organism蛋白质组学/功能 基因组学

Mr (kDa) 160- 81- can separate,identify,and measure all the proteins 43 present in a sample of cells. 可用于分离，鉴定和测定 细胞样品中的所有蛋白质 25 12 7 6 5 Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)of proteins 蛋白质双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳

Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of proteins 蛋白质双向聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 can separate, identify, and measure all the proteins present in a sample of cells. 可用于分离, 鉴定和测定 细胞样品中的所有蛋白质

Because of degeneracy of the genetic code, differences in the DNA sequence may not necessarily lead to differences in the amino acid sequence.不同的DNA序列不一定导致氨基酸 Arg Ser Leu 序列的不同 AGA UCA CUU There is strong evidence that proteins with greater Arg Ser Leu than 50%sequence identity usually have quite 2 CGA UCG CUG similar functions (there are exceptions to this rule) 序列与功能的相关性 Ser Ala Arg 3 AGU GCA CGU Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology

Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology Because of degeneracy of the genetic code, differences in the DNA sequence may not necessarily lead to differences in the amino acid sequence. 不同的DNA序列不一定导致氨基酸 序列的不同 There is strong evidence that proteins with greater than 50% sequence identity usually have quite similar functions (there are exceptions to this rule). 序列与功能的相关性

I.The Evolution of Genomes Homologous:related in sequence to an extent that implies common genetic ancestry @Gene families:groups of gene homologs基因家族 Paralogs:genes within an organism whose similarity to one or more genes in the same organism is the result of gene duplication旁系同源 Orthologs:genes found in one organism that are similar to those in another organism but differ because of speciation 直系同源：起源于不同物种的最近的共同祖先的一些基因。 Chen Feng,Lecture of Microbiology

Chen Feng, Lecture of Microbiology III. The Evolution of Genomes Homologous: related in sequence to an extent that implies common genetic ancestry Gene families: groups of gene homologs基因家族 Paralogs: genes within an organism whose similarity to one or more genes in the same organism is the result of gene duplication旁系同源 Orthologs: genes found in one organism that are similar to those in another organism but differ because of speciation 直系同源：起源于不同物种的最近的共同祖先的一些基因