《管理学原理》课程PPT教学课件（英文）1-3 Cap3 Environment and Management

Chapter3Environment andManagementThe changing economyGlobalizationEmphasis on technologySocial responsibility and managerial ethicsHow do organizations make the customer king?

Chapter 3 Environment and Management The changing economy Globalization Emphasis on technology Social responsibility and managerial ethics How do organizations make the customer king?

Three Waves of Social DevelopmentAgriculture (uptothe 1890s)During the agricultural wave, individuals were their own bosses and wereresponsibleforperforming a variety of tasks.Industrialization (about 1900 to the 1960s)People left their fields and moved into formal organizations: Massproduction, specialized jobs, and authority relationships became the modeof operation. It gave rise to a new group of workers--the blue-collarindustrialworkers.Informationtechnology (beginning inthe 1970s)The infornation age has significantly reduced low-skilled, blue-collar jobsin manufacturing, but it has created abundant opportunities for educatedand skilled technical specialists, professionals, and other knowledgeworkers

Three Waves of Social Development Agriculture (up to the 1890s) During the agricultural wave, individuals were their own bosses and were responsible for performing a variety of tasks. Industrialization (about 1900 to the 1960s) People left their fields and moved into formal organizations. Mass production, specialized jobs, and authority relationships became the mode of operation. It gave rise to a new group of workers—the blue-collar industrial workers. Information technology (beginning in the 1970s) The information age has significantly reduced low-skilled, blue-collar jobs in manufacturing, but it has created abundant opportunities for educated and skilled technical specialists, professionals, and other knowledge workers

Chapter3Today's EnvironmentManagers FacingThe changing economyGlobalizationEmphasis on technologySocial responsibility and managerial ethicsHow do organizations make the customer king?

Chapter 3 Today’s Environment Managers Facing The changing economy Globalization Emphasis on technology Social responsibility and managerial ethics How do organizations make the customer king?

GlobalizationForms of globalization(Internationalization)Stages of going globalUnderstanding different cultures

Globalization Forms of globalization (Internationalization) Stages of going global Understanding different cultures

Forms ofInternationalizationMultinational Corporations (MNCs)Multinational corporations maintain significant operations intwo or more countries simultaneously but are based in one homecountryTransnational Corporations (TNCs)Transnational corporations maintain significant operations inmore than one country simultaneously and decentralizesdecision making in each operation to the local.country.Borderless OrganizationBorderless organization is a management structure in whichinternal arrangements that impose artificial geographic barriersarebrokendown

Forms of Internationalization Multinational Corporations (MNCs) Multinational corporations maintain significant operations in two or more countries simultaneously but are based in one home country . Transnational Corporations (TNCs) Transnational corporations maintain significant operations in more than one country simultaneously and decentralizes decision making in each operation to the local country. Borderless Organization Borderless organization is a management structure in which internal arrangements that impose artificial geographic barriers are broken down

Stages of Going GlobalStagellIStage IStage IIEstablishedInternationalPassiveResponseInitial Overt EntryOperationsForeignsubsidiaryJointventuresHiring foreignExportingRepresentationorto foreignLicensingContracting withcountriesfranchisingForeign manufactures

Stages of Going Global StageⅠ Passive Response StageⅡ Initial Overt Entry StageⅢ Established International Operations Exporting to foreign countries Hiring foreign Representation or Contracting with Foreign manufactures Licensing/ franchising Joint ventures Foreign subsidiary

Four Dimensions of National CultureLndividualism versus collectivismPowerdistanceUncertaintyavoidanceQuantityversus qualityof life

Four Dimensions of National Culture Individualism versus collectivism Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Quantity versus quality of life

Chapter3Today's EnvironmentManagers FacingThe changing economyGlobalizationEmphasis on technologySocial responsibility and managerial ethicsHow do organizations make the customer king?

Chapter 3 Today’s Environment Managers Facing The changing economy Globalization Emphasis on technology Social responsibility and managerial ethics How do organizations make the customer king?

Emphasis on TechnologyTechnology and technological advancesTechnology includes any equipment, tools, or operatingmethods that aredesignedto.makemore efficient.Technologicaladvancesinvolve the integrationQtechnology into aprocess for changing inputs into outputs.E-commerceE-commerce involves: any computer transaction thatoccurs when data are processed and transmitted over theInternet.It includes three models:Bto B,Bto C,CtoCTechnologyalteringways of jobs

Emphasis on Technology Technology and technological advances Technology includes any equipment, tools, or operating methods that are designed to make more efficient. Technological advances involve the integration of technology into a process for changing inputs into outputs. E-commerce E-commerce involves any computer transaction that occurs when data are processed and transmitted over the Internet. It includes three models: B to B, B to C, C to C. Technology altering ways of jobs

Technology Altering Ways of JobsIT has enhanced a manager's ability to more effectively andefficiently perform the four primary activities associated withamanager's jobWith the wide application ofIT, work sites tend to be decentralizedManagers are meeting two of biggest challenges :Effectively communicatingwith individuals in remotelocationsEnsuringobjectivesattainment

Technology Altering Ways of Jobs IT has enhanced a manager’s ability to more effectively and efficiently perform the four primary activities associated with a manager’s job. With the wide application of IT, work sites tend to be decentralized. Managers are meeting two of biggest challenges : ❖ Effectively communicating with individuals in remote locations ❖ Ensuring objectives attainment