《管理学原理》课程PPT教学课件（英文）5-1 Cap12 Control

2ControlChapter 12Whatiscontrol?Threeapproachestocontrolsystems福ThecontrolprocessTypes of controlQualities of an effective control systemContingencyfactorsof control

Chapter 12 Control What is control? Three approaches to control systems The control process Types of control Qualities of an effective control system Contingency factors of control

Control is the process of monitoringactivities to ensure that they arebeingaccomplishedas plannedandcorrecting any significant deviations

Control is the process of monitoring activities to ensure that they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations

Market control is an approach to control that专emphasizes the use of external marketmechanisms such as price competition andmarket share.Bureaucratic control is an approach tocontrol that emphasizes authority and relies onadministrative rules,regulations,procedures,and policies.Clan controlisan approach to designingcontrol systemsinwhich employee behaviorsare regulated by the shared values, norms,traditions, rituals, beliefs, and other aspects ofthe organization's culture

Market control is an approach to control that emphasizes the use of external market mechanisms such as price competition and market share. Bureaucratic control is an approach to control that emphasizes authority and relies on administrative rules, regulations, procedures, and policies. Clan control is an approach to designing control systems in which employee behaviors are regulated by the shared values, norms, traditions, rituals, beliefs, and other aspects of the organization’s culture

YesIs standardDoComparebeing attained?nothingactualperformancewithstandardNoYesDoIs varianceacceptable?nothingMeasureStandardNoObjectivesactualperformanceIdentifyYesIs standardcauseofacceptable?variationNoReviseCorrectstandardperformanceExhibit 12-1 the Control Process

Exhibit 12-1 the Control Process Objectives Standard Measure actual performance Compare actual performance with standard Is standard being attained? Is variance acceptable? Is standard acceptable? Revise standard Do nothing Do nothing Identify cause of variation Correct performance No No No Yes Yes Yes

Three Steps.MeasuringactualperformanceComparing actual performance againsta standardTaking managerial action to correctdeviations or inadequate standards

Three Steps: Measuring actual performance Comparing actual performance against a standard Taking managerial action to correct deviations or inadequate standards

How do managers measure?(means)PersonalobservationStatistical reportsOralreportWrittenreport

How do managers measure?(means) Personal observation Statistical reports Oral report Written report

What do manager measure?(content)Controlareas:information,operationsfinances,peopleQuantifiablecriteriaSubjective measure

What do manager measure?(content) Control areas: information, operations, finances, people Quantifiable criteria Subjective measure

AcceptableupperlimitAcceptablerange ofStandardvariationAcceptablelowerlimitt+2tt+1t+3t+4t+5Exhibit 12-2 defining an acceptable range of variation

Exhibit 12-2 defining an acceptable range of variation Acceptable upper limit Acceptable lower limit Standard Acceptable range of variation t t+1 t+2 t+3 t+4 t+5

DonothingCorrect theactual performanceImmediate corrective actionBasiccorrectiveactionRevisethestandard

Do nothing Correct the actual performance Immediate corrective action Basic corrective action Revise the standard

InputOutputProcessesConcurrentFeedforwardFeedbackcontrolcontrolControlAnticipatesCorrectsproblemsCorrectsproblemsproblemsas theyhappenaftertheyoccurExhibit12-3 Types of Control

Exhibit 12-3 Types of Control Input Processes Output Feedforward control Anticipates problems Concurrent control Corrects problems as they happen Feedback Control Corrects problems after they occur