《大学英语写作》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）4-2 英文摘要讲解

L/O/G/0Abstract

L/O/G/O Abstract

DefnitionofanabstractComponents of an abstractStylistic ConsiderationsUseful sentence patternsKeywordsin an abstract

❖ Definition of an abstract ❖ Components of an abstract ❖ Stylistic Considerations ❖ Useful sentence patterns ❖ Keywords in an abstract

An abstractis a concise summary of alarger document - thesis, essay, book,research report, journal publication, etc. -that highlights major points covered in thework, concisely describes the content andscope of the writing, identifies themethodology used, and the findingsconclusions,orintended results

❖ An abstract is a concise summary of a larger document – thesis, essay, book, research report, journal publication, etc. – that highlights major points covered in the work, concisely describes the content and scope of the writing, identifies the methodology used, and the findings, conclusions, or intended results

* 1. It should state the mainobjective and rationale of yourproject.The first few sentences of your abstract shouldstate the problem you set out to solve or the issueyou set out to explore and explain your rationale ormotivation for pursuing the project. The problem orissue might be a research question, a gap in criticalattention to a text, a societal concern, etc. thepurpose of your study is to solve this problem and/or add to your discipline's understanding of theissue

❖ 1. It should state the main objective and rationale of your project. The first few sentences of your abstract should state the problem you set out to solve or the issue you set out to explore and explain your rationale or motivation for pursuing the project. The problem or issue might be a research question, a gap in critical attention to a text, a societal concern, etc. the purpose of your study is to solve this problem and /or add to your discipline’s understanding of the issue

2. It should outline the methodsXyou need to accomplish yourobjectives.This section should explain how you went aboutsolving the problem or exploring the issue youidentified as your main objectives. For a socialscience research project, this section should includea concise description of the process by which youconducted your research. For a humanities project,it should make note of any theoretical framework ormethodological assumptions

❖ 2. It should outline the methods you need to accomplish your objectives. This section should explain how you went about solving the problem or exploring the issue you identified as your main objectives. For a social science research project, this section should include a concise description of the process by which you conducted your research. For a humanities project, it should make note of any theoretical framework or methodological assumptions

* 3. It should list your project'sresults.This section of the abstract should list theresults or outcomes of the work you have done sofar. If your project is not yet complete, you maystill want to include preliminary results or yourhypotheses about what those results will be

❖ 3. It should list your project’s results. This section of the abstract should list the results or outcomes of the work you have done so far. If your project is not yet complete, you may still want to include preliminary results or your hypotheses about what those results will be

4. It should draw conclusionsabout the implications of yourproject.The abstract should close with a statement ofthe project's implications and contributions to itsfield. It should convince readers that the project isinteresting, valuable, and worth investigatingfurther

❖ 4. It should draw conclusions about the implications of your project. The abstract should close with a statement of the project’s implications and contributions to its field. It should convince readers that the project is interesting, valuable, and worth investigating further

&Tense:英语摘要的时态多采用一般现在时或一般过去时。介绍论文的研究背景、研究目的和意义时,在阐述研究内容、研究结果的价值和意义、结论以及提出讨论或建议时，应该用现在时。 在阐述研究方法或研究过程时，如： 表述实验过程，以及在这些过程中所观察到的现象或得到的数据应用过去时

❖Tense: 英语摘要的时态多采用一般现在时或一般过去 时。介绍论文的研究背景、研究目的和意义时， 在阐述研究内容、研究结果的价值和意义、结论 以及提出讨论或建议时，应该用现在时。在阐述 研究方法或研究过程时，如：表述实验过程，以 及在这些过程中所观察到的现象或得到的数据应 用过去时

×Voice and person:在摘要写作中，人们超于用被动语态，因为它能避免提及有关研究者，减少主观因素，使行文显得客观。 被动语态句子在结构上有较大调节性，有利于采用恰当的修辞手法，扩大句子信息量。绝大多数英文摘要都使用第三人称(但不使用he 和 she), 间 或 出 现 the author(s), the writer (s和第一人称“we"，即使原文献作者只有一人，也宜用“we"而不宜用“I

❖Voice and person: 在摘要写作中，人们趋于用被动语态，因为它 能避免提及有关研究者，减少主观因素，使行文 显得客观。被动语态句子在结构上有较大调节性， 有利于采用恰当的修辞手法，扩大句子信息量。 绝大多数英文摘要都使用第三人称 (但不使用 he 和 she)，间或出现 the author (s), the writer (s) 和第一人称 “ we ”，即使原文献作者只有一人， 也宜用 “ we ” 而不宜用 “I”

，英文摘要是属于规范而严肃的书面文体，它要避?免使用任何带有感情色彩的修饰词汇，同时应避免使用模校两可的情态动词, 诸如 might, could 等词语。心 摘要自身要完整, 可以不依附于文献而独立存在。它应尽可能多地包含文献的信息，最好能保持文献的基调和风格。 从修辞上讲，应是开门见山， 准确简练。从结构上讲，尽量不要使用复杂的长句，应广泛使用非谓语动词和被动语态

❖ 英文摘要是属于规范而严肃的书面文体，它要避 免使用任何带有感情色彩的修饰词汇，同时应避免 使用模棱两可的情态动词，诸如 might, could 等词 语。 ❖ 摘要自身要完整，可以不依附于文献而独立存在。 它应尽可能多地包含文献的信息，最好能保持文献 的基调和风格。从修辞上讲，应是开门见山，准确 简练。从结构上讲，尽量不要使用复杂的长句，应 广泛使用非谓语动词和被动语态