西北农林科技大学：《有机化学 Organic chemistry》课程教学课件（2010）Chapter 03 Brief Introduction and Nomenclature of OC

0 样华院 Organic Chemistry,6th Edition L.G.Wade.Jr. Chapter 3 Brief Introduction and Nomenclature of OCs By Junru Wang Email:wangjr07@163.com

By Junru Wang Email: wangjr07@163.com Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 3 Brief Introduction and Nomenclature of OCs

0不有人号 Key Notes 样华院 Functional group ■Classification ■IUPAC Names

Key Notes „Functional group „Classification „IUPAC Names

0 CONTENT 样华院 Classification Functional groups of O.Cs. Nomenclature of hydrocarbons o Alkanes,Alkenes,Alkynes Aromatic hydrocarbons Nomenclature of O.Cs.containing oxygen ●Alcohols,Ehters Aldehydes and ketones Carboxylic acids,Carboxylic acid derivatives Nomenclature of O.Cs.containing nitrogen Amines,Nitriles,Acid anhlides acid anhydrides Nomenclature of Multifunctional compounds

CONTENT „Classification & Functional groups of O.Cs. „Nomenclature of hydrocarbons zAlkanes，Alkenes，Alkynes zAromatic hydrocarbons „Nomenclature of O.Cs. containing oxygen zAlcohols，Ehters zAldehydes and ketones zCarboxylic acids，Carboxylic acid derivatives „Nomenclature of O.Cs. containing nitrogen zAmines，Nitriles，Acid anhlides & acid anhydrides „Nomenclature of Multifunctional compounds

SEC 1 Classes of Compounds Classification based on functional group. ■Three broad classes Hydrocarbons Compounds containing oxygen Compounds containing nitrogen

SEC 1 Classes of Compounds „Classification based on functional group . „Three broad classes zHydrocarbons zCompounds containing oxygen zCompounds containing nitrogen

0 Hydrocarbons 样华院 Alkane:single bonds,sp3 carbons Cycloalkane:carbons form a ring Alkene:double bond,sp2 carbons Cycloalkene:double bond in ring Alkyne:triple bond,sp carbons Aromatic:contains a benzene ring

Hydrocarbons „Alkane: single bonds, sp3 carbons „Cycloalkane: carbons form a ring „Alkene: double bond, sp2 carbons „Cycloalkene: double bond in ring „Alkyne: triple bond, sp carbons „Aromatic: contains a benzene rin g

0秋号 Hydrocarbons 基本骨架·由碳碳键和碳氢键构成 ●烷烃，烯烃，炔烃，脂环烃， 芳香烃 >Alkanes,Alkenes,Alkynes,Alicyclic hydrocarbons,Arenes 一C三C Alkene Alkyne Arene Functional Groups,positive or negative charge? (aromatic ring)

Hydrocarbons „基本骨架 -- 由碳碳键和碳氢键构成 z烷烃， 烯烃， 炔烃， 脂环烃， 芳香烃 ¾Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alicyclic hydrocarbons, Arenes Functional Groups, positive or negative charge?

Functional Groups The atoms of organic molecules exist in common combinations Each combination: > unique chemical properties and reactivity > behaves similarly in every organic molecule 10 million organic compounds exist! Predict how any one of those compounds reacts by analyzing its “functional groups” Functional Group-group of atoms with characteristic chemical behavior no matter what molecule it's in Chemistry of every organic molecule,regardless of size or complexity governed by functional groups

0林人写 Functional Groups 官能团(Functional Groups): The atom or group of atoms that defines the structure of a particular family of organic compounds and,at the same time determines their properties Structural features that allow for classification of compounds into families The structural similarities in these compounds lead to chemical similarities ·官能团：有机分子中比较活泼、易发生化学反应的原 子或原子团 ●官能团：赋予有机物一类特征结构并决定其性质的原 子或原子团

Functional Groups „官能团（Functional Groups)： zThe atom or group of atoms that defines the structure of a particular family of organic compounds and, at the same time determines their properties zStructural features that allow for classification of compounds into families zThe structural similarities in these compounds lead to chemical similarities z官能团: 有机分子中比较活泼、易发生化学反应的原 子或原子团 z官能团: 赋予有机物一类特征结构并决定其性质的原 子或原子团

0林有 Functional Groups It should be noted that the importance of a functional group cannot be overstated. A functional group determines all of the following properties of a molecule: ● Bonding and shape ● Chemical reactivity ● Type and strength of intermolecular forces ● Physical properties Nomenclature

Functional Groups „It should be noted that the importance of a functional group cannot be overstated. „A functional group determines all of the following properties of a molecule: z Bonding and shape z Chemical reactivity z Type and strength of intermolecular forces z Physical properties z Nomenclature

0林人号 Functional Groups 院 A given functional group behaves in nearly the Double same way in every bond CH3 molecule it is a part of The chemistry of every H2C CH2 H2C-CH organic molecule, C-CH3 regardless of size and HgC H complexity,is determined Ethylene Menthene by the functional groups it contains -Bromine added here In the reactions ofethylene and menthene with bromine both molecules react with Br2 in the -CH same way

Functional Groups „A given functional group behaves in nearly the same way in every molecule it is a part of „The chemistry of every organic molecule, regardless of size and complexity, is determined by the functional groups it contains zIn the reactions of ethylene and menthene with bromine both molecules react with Br2 in the same way