甘肃民族师范学院：《英汉翻译》课程授课教案（四）词类转换续

词类转译法四（英译汉）转译为名词一.·英语动词转移为汉语名词（一）英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译为汉语名词。1.Formality has always characterized their relationship他们的关系有一个特点，就是以礼相待。2.Tradeunion leaders claimedthat someoftheirmembershadbeenvictimizedbybeingdismissed工会领袖认为有些会员遭到解雇，成了栖牲品。（victimize是从名词派生出来的，译作汉语名词是顺理成章的事，但要相应增加动词使句子结构完整。）（二）英语中有名词转用的动词，可转译为汉语名词。3.Because he had struck a boss, hewas blacklisted and lost his job at thefertilizer works由于打了一个工头，他被列入黑名单，不能在肥料厂工作了。4.A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。（三）英语被动句中的谓语动词有时也可以转换成汉语名词，然后添上受动词（如“受到”、“加以”等）译成“受动词+名词”“受（遭）到+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。5. And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might bejeopardized" by a continuation of thewar.他还警告说，如果战争继续下去，双边关系的改善有可能受到危害。6. The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations betweenthe two countries on establishing diplomatic relations美国向台湾出售武器的问题在两国谈判建交的过程中并没有得到解决。7. Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitationalattraction of the sun, moon and earth.由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。·英语形容词转译为汉语名词（四）英语形容词转译为汉语名词8.Stevensonwas eloquent and elegant----but soft史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱。1

1 词类转译法 四 一． （英译汉）转译为名词 ⚫ 英语动词转移为汉语名词 （一）英语中有很多由名词派生的动词，在汉语中往往不易找到相应的动词，这时可将其转译为汉语名词。 1. Formality has always characterized their relationship. 他们的关系有一个特点，就是以礼相待。 2. Trade union leaders claimed that some of their members had been victimized by being dismissed. 工会领袖认为有些会员遭到解雇，成了牺牲品。 （victimize 是从名词派生出来的，译作汉语名词是顺理成章的事，但要相应增加动词使句子结构完整。） （二）英语中有名词转用的动词，可转译为汉语名词。 3. Because he had struck a boss, he was blacklisted and lost his job at the fertilizer works. 由于打了一个工头，他被列入黑名单，不能在肥料厂工作了。 4. A well-dressed man, who looked and talked like an American, got into the car. 一个穿着讲究的人上了车，他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。 （三）英语被动句中的谓语动词有时也可以转换成汉语名词，然后添上受动词（如“受到”、“加以”等）， 译成“受动词+名词”/“受（遭）到.+名词”、“予（加）以+名词”这类结构。 5. And he warned that the improvement in bilateral relations might be “jeopardized” by a continuation of the war. 他还警告说，如果战争继续下去，双边关系的改善有可能受到危害。 6. The question of United States arms sales to Taiwan was not settled in the course of negotiations between the two countries on establishing diplomatic relations. 美国向台湾出售武器的问题在两国谈判建交的过程中并没有得到解决。 7. Satellites, however, must be closely watched, for they are constantly being tugged at by the gravitational attraction of the sun, moon and earth. 由于经常受到太阳、月亮及地球引力的影响，卫星活动必须加以密切的观察。 ⚫ 英语形容词转译为汉语名词 （四）英语形容词转译为汉语名词 8. Stevenson was eloquent and elegant-but soft. 史蒂文森有口才、有风度，但很软弱

（英译汉）转译为形容词二.·英语名词转译为汉语形容词（一）形容词派生的名词往往可以转译为形容词9,WeareimmenselyimpressedbythesplendorandwarmthofourreceptionattheGreatHallof thePeople在人民大会堂为我们举行的隆重、热烈的欢迎仪式，给我们留下了十分深刻的印象。10. He talked for some time with Bundy, and his question reflected the enormity of his doubts他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。（二）有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译为形容词1l. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。练习：Independentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.（独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。）·英语副词转译为汉语形容词英语动词译为汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译为形容词。14. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。三：（英译汉）转译为汉语副词·英语形容词转译为汉语副词英语名词转译为汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。12.Weplace the highestvalue on ourfriendlyrelations with developingcountries我们最高度地珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。13. It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-Americandialogue这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。15.At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward thedoor最后，他匆匆地向主人轻声道别，急步走向门口。·英语名词转译为汉语副词还有些英语名词则可以根据汉语的表达习惯译作副词。16.When he catches a glimpse ofa potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。17.I have the honor to inform you that your application has been accepted2

2 二． （英译汉）转译为形容词 ⚫ 英语名词转译为汉语形容词 （一） 形容词派生的名词往往可以转译为形容词 9. We are immensely impressed by the splendor and warmth of our reception at the Great Hall of the People. 在人民大会堂为我们举行的隆重、热烈的欢迎仪式，给我们留下了十分深刻的印象。 10. He talked for some time with Bundy, and his question reflected the enormity of his doubts. 他同邦迪谈了一会，他提出的问题反映出他有很大的怀疑。 （二） 有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转译为形容词 11. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。 练习： Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. (独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。) ⚫ 英语副词转译为汉语形容词 英语动词译为汉语名词时，修饰该动词的副词往往转译为形容词。 14. He was deeply impressed by what they did in the critical moment. 他们在关键时刻的行为给他留下了深刻的印象。 三．（英译汉）转译为汉语副词 ⚫ 英语形容词转译为汉语副词 英语名词转译为汉语动词时，修饰该名词的形容词往往转译成汉语副词。 12. We place the highest value on our friendly relations with developing countries. 我们最高度地珍视同发展中国家的友好关系。 13. It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue. 这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。 15. At last, he whispered a hurried good-bye to his host and darted toward the door. 最后，他匆匆地向主人轻声道别，急步走向门口。 ⚫ 英语名词转译为汉语副词 还有些英语名词则可以根据汉语的表达习惯译作副词。 16. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. 只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。 17. I have the honor to inform you that your application has been accepted

我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被接受。·英语副词转译为汉语名词18.Theyhave notdoneso well ideologically,however,as organizationally但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。练习：Heisphysicallyweakbutmentallysound.（他身体虽弱，但思想健康。）19.（秦岭血雉）由于数量稀少，环境适应性差，迄今未见饲养展出。Due totheir scarcity and inabilityto adapt to new environments, nobloodpheasanthas been raised in anyzoo sofar说明：本句摘自一篇科普文章，如果是非正式的口语，则可保留形容词形式。Becausetheyare scarce andunabletoadapttonewenvironments,nobloodpheasanthasbeen raisedinanyzoo so far.20.徐悲鸿的马画得非常出色，他由此一夜之间声名大噪。Xu Beihong'sexceptional excellenceinpaintinghorsesgainedhiman overnightfame3

3 我荣幸地通知阁下，您的申请已被接受。 ⚫ 英语副词转译为汉语名词 18. They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally. 但是，他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好。 练习： He is physically weak but mentally sound. (他身体虽弱，但思想健康。) 19. （秦岭血雉）由于数量稀少，环境适应性差，迄今未见饲养展出。 Due to their scarcity and inability to adapt to new environments, no blood pheasant has been raised in any zoo so far. 说明：本句摘自一篇科普文章，如果是非正式的口语，则可保留形容词形式。 Because they are scarce and unable to adapt to new environments, no blood pheasant has been raised in any zoo so far. 20. 徐悲鸿的马画得非常出色，他由此一夜之间声名大噪。 Xu Beihong’s exceptional excellence in painting horses gained him an overnight fame