甘肃民族师范学院：《英汉翻译》课程授课教案（九）英汉句子互译中的词序

英汉句子互译中的词序英语和汉语词序差别很大。下面我们先看看这两种语言在词序排列上各自的特点，然后再针对这些特点讨论一下英汉互译中词序的处理方法。英汉句子词序的差异一》汉语是语义型语言，英语是形态型语言。这便决定了两者在词序安排上有着本质的区别。汉语组词造句时词序主要由语义的搭配决定，即语义团块的先后词序是由人的思维逻辑来决定的。★英语句子中的词语和分句之间用语言形式手段连接，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。（一）在时间上，英语句子的语序主要是根据语境的需要安排，而汉语通常按事情发生的先后顺序安排。例：Hewenttobedafterhefinishedhishomework.他做完作业后便上床睡觉了。egl. Calmly Mother looked around before she turned back fearlessly, closing the door behind her and dashed to thewindow.母亲镇定地环顾四周，然后毫不畏惧地转身回到屋子里，顺手关上门，一个箭步奔到门口。eg2.老栓正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看见一条丁字街，明明白白地横着。他便退了几步，寻找一家关着门的铺子，整进檐下，靠门立住了。Absorbed inhiswalking,Old Shuan was startledwhenhesawthecrossroadlyingdistinctlyahead of him.Hewalkedback a few steps to stand under the eaves ofa shop in front of its closed door.（二）在表达多层逻辑思维时，英语常用包孕许多修饰成分或从句的复合句或长句，句中各部分的顺序比较灵活。汉语表达同样意思时，常用短句、分句、流水句，按照一定的逻辑顺序，有主有次，逐层叙述。汉语的逻辑关系常常按照由因到果、由假设到推论（由条件到结果）、由事实到结论这样的次序排列，特别是不用关联词的时候，句中的语法关系更需要通过语序方可辨认得出；相对而言，英语可以借助形态变化和丰富的连接词语，根据句子的意思和结构的需要灵活排列，其状语从句的位置可前可后，有时还可置于句中。试比较I can't trust her, because she is not honest./Because she is not honest, I can'ttrust her我不能信任她，因为她不老实。/她不老实，我不能信任她。抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题都可以迎刃而解。（先条件后结果）Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be solved.当然，汉语句子语序的排列也有例外，那就是，当把原因、条件等看成是补充说明的情况时，也可以把它们放到句子的后半部分，这是，往往需要使用各种形式标记，即需要使用表示各种关系的关联词语。例如：eg3.我觉得真扫兴，因为我一分神，钓索颤动了，拉迟了落了空。In that moment as my concentration wavered, my line wobbled, I pulled back at the wrong moment and ended up witha tangled mess of line, hook and weed（三）在对某事发表评论时，英语常常是表态部分（判断、评论、结论等）在前，叙事部分（事实、描写等）在后，也即英语通常先评论或表态，然后再说明有关情况。汉语则正好相反，通常先叙述后表态。例如：1

1 英汉句子互译中的词序 英语和汉语词序差别很大。下面我们先看看这两种语言在词序排列上各自的特点，然后再针对这些特点讨论 一下英汉互译中词序的处理方法。 一． 英汉句子词序的差异 ➢ 汉语是语义型语言，英语是形态型语言。这便决定了两者在词序安排上有着本质的区别。  汉语组词造句时词序主要由语义的搭配决定，即语义团块的先后词序是由人的思维逻辑来决定的。  英语句子中的词语和分句之间用语言形式手段连接，表达语法意义和逻辑关系。 （一）在时间上，英语句子的语序主要是根据语境的需要安排，而汉语通常按事情发生的先后顺序安排。例： He went to bed after he finished his homework. 他做完作业后便上床睡觉了。 eg1. Calmly Mother looked around before she turned back fearlessly, closing the door behind her and dashed to the window. 母亲镇定地环顾四周，然后毫不畏惧地转身回到屋子里，顺手关上门，一个箭步奔到门口 。 eg2. 老栓正在专心走路，忽然吃了一惊，远远地看见一条丁字街，明明白白地横着。他便退了几步，寻找一家 关着门的铺子，蹩进檐下，靠门立住了。 Absorbed in his walking, Old Shuan was startled when he saw the cross road lying distinctly ahead of him. He walked back a few steps to stand under the eaves of a shop in front of its closed door. （二）在表达多层逻辑思维时，英语常用包孕许多修饰成分或从句的复合句或长句，句中各部分的顺序比较灵活。 汉语表达同样意思时，常用短句、分句、流水句，按照一定的逻辑顺序，有主有次，逐层叙述。汉语的逻辑关系 常常按照由因到果、由假设到推论（由条件到结果）、由事实到结论这样的次序排列，特别是不用关联词的时候， 句中的语法关系更需要通过语序方可辨认得出；相对而言，英语可以借助形态变化和丰富的连接词语，根据句 子的意思和结构的需要灵活排列，其状语从句的位置可前可后，有时还可置于句中。试比较： I can’t trust her, because she is not honest. / Because she is not honest, I can’t trust her. 我不能信任她，因为她不老实。 / 她不老实， 我不能信任她。 抓住了主要矛盾，一切问题都可以迎刃而解。 （先条件后结果） Once the principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can be solved. 当然，汉语句子语序的排列也有例外，那就是，当把原因、条件等看成是补充说明的情况时，也可以把它 们放到句子的后半部分，这是，往往需要使用各种形式标记，即需要使用表示各种关系的关联词语。例如： eg3. 我觉得真扫兴，因为我一分神，钓索颤动了，拉迟了落了空。 In that moment as my concentration wavered, my line wobbled, I pulled back at the wrong moment and ended up with a tangled mess of line, hook and weed. （三）在对某事发表评论时，英语常常是表态部分（判断、评论、结论等）在前，叙事部分（事实、描写等） 在后，也即英语通常先评论或表态，然后再说明有关情况。汉语则正好相反，通常先叙述后表态。例如：

eg4.I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energeticmemberoftheEuropeanCommunity我强烈地认为，英国应该继续是欧洲共同体中一个积极而充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。eg5.Itistruthuniversalityacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife凡有产业的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。二调整词序的方法★由上可知，英汉语在语序的排列上有相同之处，也有相异之处。翻译时，相同之处可以照搬过来（即顺译）；相异之处则需要对语序进行调整，使之在整体上符合汉语的表达习惯（即逆译）。（语序相同便顺译，不同则逆译。）（一）按照时间顺序进行调整1.顺译如前所述，汉语句子的语序通常按时间发生或出现的先后顺序排列，而英语句子的语序主要根据语境来安排。汉语往往先发生的事先说，后发生的事后说；英语有时也按照动作或事件的先后次序来组句。这种情况下，英汉互译通常可采用顺译法。顺译情况很多，主要有一下几种：（1）多个表示连贯动作的动词并列时，英语和汉语往往都可以按照动作发生的先后顺序来安排词序。eg6. She had spent a sleepless night, and rising early, had stood, wrapped up, at her window with the cool air blowing onherface,towatchthedawn她一宵无眠，早早起身，披上毯子，迎着拂面的凉风，凭窗跳望黎明。eg7 Iclosed my eyes and said a prayer of thanks before putting the car in gear and returning to the highway我合上双目，感谢上苍，然后挂档上路。eg8.它先是离我较远，然后一点一点近，最后蹦到我的杯子上，俯下头来喝茶。First it kept its distance from me, then hopped nearer, then stood upon my glass and eventually lowered its head to drinkmy tea.eg9。（如今，台儿沟的姑娘们刚把晚饭端上桌就慌了神，她们心不在焉地胡乱吃几口，扔下碗就开始梳妆打扮。）她们洗净蒙受了一天的黄土、风尘、露出粗糙、红润的面色，把头发梳得乌亮，然后就比赛着穿出最好的衣服。(But now, the girls of the Terrace Gully served dinner in a flurry, absent-mindedly grabbed a quick bite and, soon as theyput down their bowls, went straight to their dresses.) They washed off the dust and stains of the day, revealing theinrough and ruddy complexions, combed their hair, and then vied with one another in wearing their best outfits（2）有时英语中表示时间的状语从句位于句首，这种情况下，可采用顺译法进行翻译；同样，汉语中有些按照时间先后安排语序的复合句译成英语时也可采用顺译法。eg10o. When Tom stood face to face with his persecutor, and heard his threats, and thought in his very soul that his houl2

2 eg4. I believe strongly that it is in the interests of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community. 我强烈地认为，英国应该继续是欧洲共同体中一个积极而充满活力的成员，这是符合我国人民利益的。 eg5. It is truth universality acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. 凡有产业的单身汉，总要娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的真理。 二． 调整词序的方法  由上可知，英汉语在语序的排列上有相同之处，也有相异之处。翻译时，相同之处可以照搬过来（即顺 译）；相异之处则需要对语序进行调整，使之在整体上符合汉语的表达习惯（即逆译）。（语序相同便顺 译，不同则逆译。） （一） 按照时间顺序进行调整 1. 顺译 如前所述，汉语句子的语序通常按时间发生或出现的先后顺序排列，而英语句子的语序主要根据语境来 安排。汉语往往先发生的事先说，后发生的事后说；英语有时也按照动作或事件的先后次序来组句。这种情 况下，英汉互译通常可采用顺译法。顺译情况很多，主要有一下几种： （1） 多个表示连贯动作的动词并列时，英语和汉语往往都可以按照动作发生的先后顺序来安排词序。 eg6. She had spent a sleepless night, and rising early, had stood, wrapped up, at her window, with the cool air blowing on her face, to watch the dawn. 她一宵无眠，早早起身，披上毯子，迎着拂面的凉风，凭窗眺望黎明。 eg7 I closed my eyes and said a prayer of thanks before putting the car in gear and returning to the highway. 我合上双目，感谢上苍，然后挂档上路。 eg8. 它先是离我较远，然后一点一点挨近，最后蹦到我的杯子上，俯下头来喝茶。 First it kept its distance from me, then hopped nearer, then stood upon my glass and eventually lowered its head to drink my tea. eg9. （如今，台儿沟的姑娘们刚把晚饭端上桌就慌了神，她们心不在焉地胡乱吃几口，扔下碗就开始梳妆打扮。） 她们洗净蒙受了一天的黄土、风尘、露出粗糙、红润的面色，把头发梳得乌亮，然后就比赛着穿出最好的衣服。 (But now, the girls of the Terrace Gully served dinner in a flurry, absent-mindedly grabbed a quick bite and, soon as they put down their bowls, went straight to their dresses.) They washed off the dust and stains of the day, revealing their rough and ruddy complexions, combed their hair, and then vied with one another in wearing their best outfits. (2) 有时英语中表示时间的状语从句位于句首，这种情况下，可采用顺译法进行翻译；同样，汉语中有些按照时 间先后安排语序的复合句译成英语时也可采用顺译法。 eg10. When Tom stood face to face with his persecutor, and heard his threats, and thought in his very soul that his hour

was coming, his heart swelled bravely in him, and he thought he could bear torture and fire, bear anything...汤姆站在他的迫害者的对面，听看他威吓的话，心想自已的时刻已经到来。这时，他反而觉得男气百倍，觉得起汤蹈火，在所不辞了……·egll.Aswecrossed somehighbridgesneartheBlueRidgeMountains onthefirstlegofourtrip,akindotbreathlessness griped me, a sinking, rolling sensation in the pit of my stomach上路的第一程，我们就碰上了蓝脊山脉附近高悬的大桥。我简直紧张得透不过气来，心头发紧，有种人仰马翻的感觉。eg12.当老狼嘎至这只小白狗的颈上时，突然小狗猛地抖动起来。When the wolf moves its nose to sniff the dog's neck, the little creature suddenly begins to shiver violentlyeg13.传说秦始皇来到泰山封禅的时候，遇上了暴风雨，他就躲在一棵很大的松树下避雨。It is said when the First Emperor of Qin came to Mount Taishan to perfom the rites of worshipping Heaven and Earthhe was caught in a storm, and found shelter under a giant pine tree(3)英语中有些介词短语、副词短语、分词短语或“介词+动名词”结构置于句首表示时间，翻译是可采用顺译。eg14.After a brief review of the diplomatic relations betwen China and Australia, the president Hu Jintao underscoredthe significance ofbilateral and multilateral cooperation in ensuring a peaceful and prosperous world.简单回顾了中澳两国外交关系的发展历程后，胡锦涛主席进一步强调了双边及多边合作在维护世界和平与繁荣方面的重要性。eg15.随着冷战后国际形势的发展，特别是“9·11”事件、非典疫情爆发以来，非传统安全问题的地位明显上升。With thedevelopment of the international situation sincethe end of the Cold War, in particularly sincethe terroristattacks in theUnitedStateson September1l,2001,and theoutbreakof SARS(severeacuterespiratorysyndrome)ir2003, there has been an obvious increase in awareness of non-traditional security threats2.逆译（1）英语虽然有时也按动作或事件的先后次序来组句，但它更多的却是通过各种表示时间的连词、关系代词或介词将动作或事件的先后次序打乱。翻译这类英语句子时，往往需要将原句语序打乱，按时间顺序重新组织译文语序。egl6.The musical world and the world at largebecame poorer places on April 8, when Marian Anderson, the great altofrom Philadelphia, died at 96今年四月八日，来自费城的伟大女低音歌唱家玛丽安·安德逊以96岁高龄逝世。耗传来，世界各地，尤其是音乐界人士，无不为之黯然神伤。eg17. Mama Torres, a lean, dry woman with ancient eyes, had ruled the farm for ten years, ever since her husbandtripped over a stone in the field one day and fell full length on a rattle snake.3

3 was coming, his heart swelled bravely in him, and he thought he could bear torture and fire, bear anything. 汤姆站在他的迫害者的对面，听着他威吓的话，心想自己的时刻已经到来。这时，他反而觉得勇气百倍，觉得赴 汤蹈火，在所不辞了. eg11. As we crossed some high bridges near the Blue Ridge Mountains on the first leg of our trip, a kind of breathlessness griped me, a sinking, rolling sensation in the pit of my stomach. 上路的第一程，我们就碰上了蓝脊山脉附近高悬的大桥。我简直紧张得透不过气来，心头发紧，有种人仰马翻的 感觉。 eg12.当老狼嗅至这只小白狗的颈上时，突然小狗猛烈地抖动起来。 When the wolf moves its nose to sniff the dog’s neck, the little creature suddenly begins to shiver violently. eg13. 传说秦始皇来到泰山封禅的时候，遇上了暴风雨，他就躲在一棵很大的松树下避雨。 It is said when the First Emperor of Qin came to Mount Taishan to perform the rites of worshipping Heaven and Earth, he was caught in a storm, and found shelter under a giant pine tree. (3)英语中有些介词短语、副词短语、分词短语或“介词+动名词”结构置于句首表示时间，翻译是可采用顺译。 eg14. After a brief review of the diplomatic relations between China and Australia, the president Hu Jintao underscored the significance of bilateral and multilateral cooperation in ensuring a peaceful and prosperous world. 简单回顾了中澳两国外交关系的发展历程后，胡锦涛主席进一步强调了双边及多边合作在维护世界和平与繁荣方 面的重要性。 eg15.随着冷战后国际形势的发展，特别是“9·11”事件、非典疫情爆发以来，非传统安全问题的地位明显上升。 With the development of the international situation since the end of the Cold War, in particularly since the terrorist attacks in the United States on September 11, 2001, and the outbreak of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) in 2003, there has been an obvious increase in awareness of non-traditional security threats. 2. 逆译 （1）英语虽然有时也按动作或事件的先后次序来组句，但它更多的却是通过各种表示时间的连词、关系代词或 介词将动作或事件的先后次序打乱。翻译这类英语句子时，往往需要将原句语序打乱，按时间顺序重新组织译 文语序。 eg16. The musical world and the world at large became poorer places on April 8, when Marian Anderson, the great alto from Philadelphia, died at 96. 今年四月八日，来自费城的伟大女低音歌唱家玛丽安·安德逊以 96 岁高龄逝世。噩耗传来，世界各地，尤其是 音乐界人士，无不为之黯然神伤。 eg17. Mama Torres, a lean, dry woman with ancient eyes, had ruled the farm for ten years, ever since her husband tripped over a stone in the field one day and fell full length on a rattle snake

托马斯妈妈是个阅世较深的干瘦女人。有一天，她丈夫在耕地里到石头摔了一政，正巧跌在一条响尾蛇身上。从那天起，她掌管这片农场已长达10年之久。（2）英语中表示手段的“by+动名词”短语常常要置于表示结果的谓语动词之后，译成汉语时则要进行调整将该短语移至原谓语动词之前。这也是与汉语思维“先发生的事先说，后发生的事后说”的基本规律是一致的，因为手段总是出现在结果之前。eg18. The difficulty was overcome by Russell's selling some furniture which Wittgenstein had left in Cambridge后来罗素变卖维特根斯坦留在剑桥的部分家具，这才解决了盘缠问题。eg19.(While he was awaiting trial and certain hanging Sheppard broke out of Newgate Prison.)He accomplished this bygetting rid of the irons with which his wrists and ankles were shackled, cutting through a double grille of oak and ironbars, descending twenty-five feet by a knotted sheet and blanket, and climbing a twenty-two-foot wall（在等候受审和确定无疑的绞刑时，谢泼德逃出了纽格特监狱。）他砸开了手脚镖，弄断了双层的橡木栅栏和铁条，用系在一起的床单和毯子从25英尺高处跳下，爬过了22英尺的高墙，终于逃了出来。eg20.通过推进多边化进程，这种全面合作的关系将会促进世界和平与稳定。The comprehensive partnership will contribute to world peace and stability by promoting the process ofmulti-lateralization3．有时，根据上下文语境的需要，顺译、逆译可灵活选择。eg21.The poor ballet dancermust devote years ofincessant toil toher profitless task before she can shine in it译文一：可伶的芭蕾舞演员在芭蕾舞上大放异彩之前，必须长年累月地将自己的辛勤劳动奉献给无益的苦差事。译文二：可怜的芭蕾舞演员必须长年累月地将自己的辛勤劳动奉献给无益的苦差事，之后才能在芭蕾舞上大放异彩。（该例“译文一”采用逆译法；“译文二”则将“before”译为“之后”，采用顺译法，不改变原文的语序。单独来看，两种译文都是符合汉语的行文习惯的，但究竞采用哪种译法，还得参考更大的语境。（二）按照逻辑顺序进行调整参一（二）：（汉语的逻辑关系常常按照由因到果、由假设到推论（由条件到结果）、由事实到结论这样的次序排列，特别是不用关联词的时候，句中的语法关系更需要通过语序方可辨认得出：相对而言，英语可以借助形态变化和丰富的连接词语，根据句子的意思和结构的需要灵活排列，其状语从句的位置可前可后，有时还可置于句中。）也就是说，英汉语在按照逻辑思维组句时有同有异，因此，翻译这类句子时也可相应采用顺译法和逆译法。1逆译法(1) eg22. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certainimportant elements are missing.4

4 托马斯妈妈是个阅世较深的干瘦女人。有一天，她丈夫在耕地里绊到石头摔了一跤，正巧跌在一条响尾蛇身上。 从那天起，她掌管这片农场已长达 10 年之久。 （2）英语中表示手段的“by+动名词”短语常常要置于表示结果的谓语动词之后，译成汉语时则要进行调整， 将该短语移至原谓语动词之前。这也是与汉语思维“先发生的事先说，后发生的事后说”的基本规律是一致的， 因为手段总是出现在结果之前。 eg18. The difficulty was overcome by Russell’s selling some furniture which Wittgenstein had left in Cambridge. 后来罗素变卖维特根斯坦留在剑桥的部分家具，这才解决了盘缠问题。 eg19（. While he was awaiting trial and certain hanging, Sheppard broke out of Newgate Prison.）He accomplished this by getting rid of the irons with which his wrists and ankles were shackled, cutting through a double grille of oak and iron bars, descending twenty-five feet by a knotted sheet and blanket, and climbing a twenty-two-foot wall. （在等候受审和确定无疑的绞刑时，谢泼德逃出了纽格特监狱。）他砸开了手铐脚镣，弄断了双层的橡木栅栏和 铁条，用系在一起的床单和毯子从 25 英尺高处跳下，爬过了 22 英尺的高墙，终于逃了出来。 eg20.通过推进多边化进程，这种全面合作的关系将会促进世界和平与稳定。 The comprehensive partnership will contribute to world peace and stability by promoting the process of multi-lateralization. 3. 有时，根据上下文语境的需要，顺译、逆译可灵活选择。 eg21. The poor ballet dancer must devote years of incessant toil to her profitless task before she can shine in it. 译文一：可怜的芭蕾舞演员在芭蕾舞上大放异彩之前，必须长年累月地将自己的辛勤劳动奉献给无益的苦差事。 译文二：可怜的芭蕾舞演员必须长年累月地将自己的辛勤劳动奉献给无益的苦差事，之后才能在芭蕾舞上大放异 彩。 （该例“译文一”采用逆译法；“译文二”则将“before”译为“之后”，采用顺译法，不改变原文的语序。单独 来看，两种译文都是符合汉语的行文习惯的，但究竟采用哪种译法，还得参考更大的语境。） （二） 按照逻辑顺序进行调整 参一（二）：（汉语的逻辑关系常常按照由因到果、由假设到推论（由条件到结果）、由事实到结论这样的 次序排列，特别是不用关联词的时候，句中的语法关系更需要通过语序方可辨认得出；相对而言，英语 可以借助形态变化和丰富的连接词语，根据句子的意思和结构的需要灵活排列，其状语从句的位置可前 可后，有时还可置于句中。）也就是说，英汉语在按照逻辑思维组句时有同有异，因此，翻译这类句子时 也可相应采用顺译法和逆译法。 1 逆译法 （1）eg22. Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing

如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含有任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。eg23. The North-South conflict can only pose heightened dangers for the entire global community unless some steps aretaken to change a situation where 75% of the world's population have only 20% of the world's gross national product.发展中国家的人口占全世界总人口的75%，但是它们的国民生产总值却只占20%。除非采取措施改变这一局势否则南北冲突只会使全球更不安全。eg24.不解决农民的看病问题，就很难最终实现中国社会的全面小康目标。Itishardlypossible torealize a relativelyrich Chinese society in overall scale without a solution tofarmers'medicareproblemeg25.我国的农村人口超过9亿。虽然他们的收入远比城镇居民要低，抗风险的能力更差，但是长期以来，他们却不能像城镇居民一样享受基本的医疗保障。China has a farmer population of over 90 million, who were not entitled, for a very long period of time, to the basicmedical insurance as urban people were, although they were more vulnerable because of their far lower income thanurbanites.(2）参一（三）eg26.而日本也需要从中国的快速经济增长和充满活力的改革中获益，这又成为日本发展对华关系的根本利益所在。While on Japan's part, it is of fundamental interest to benefit from Chinese's rapid economic growth and energeticreform上例采用的都是逆译法，反映了英汉句子语序的一个基本差别。相对而言，英语语序比较灵活，句子中的状语从句可前可后。因此，两种语言在按照逻辑思维组句时也有相同或相似之处，翻译这类句子时译者可以相应地使用顺译法来处理。（3）eg27.Heisright,thoughnotinthewayheintended.他说对了，尽管事情的发展与他的预计并不一样。eg28.由于中日双方尚难以达到互信，因此会特别关注对方的力量发展和如何使用这种力量的意图。Since mutual trust has not yet been achieved, both sides will be especially concerned with the other's growing power andhowthatpowercouldbeused5

5 如今人们知道，如果食物中缺少了某些重要的成分，即使其中不含有任何有害的物质，也会引起严重的疾病。 eg23. The North-South conflict can only pose heightened dangers for the entire global community unless some steps are taken to change a situation where 75% of the world’s population have only 20% of the world’s gross national product. 发展中国家的人口占全世界总人口的 75%，但是它们的国民生产总值却只占 20%。除非采取措施改变这一局势， 否则南北冲突只会使全球更不安全。 eg24.不解决农民的看病问题，就很难最终实现中国社会的全面小康目标。 It is hardly possible to realize a relatively rich Chinese society in overall scale without a solution to farmers’ medicare problem. eg25. 我国的农村人口超过 9 亿。虽然他们的收入远比城镇居民要低，抗风险的能力更差，但是长期以来，他们 却不能像城镇居民一样享受基本的医疗保障。 China has a farmer population of over 900 million, who were not entitled, for a very long period of time, to the basic medical insurance as urban people were, although they were more vulnerable because of their far lower income than urbanites. （2） 参一（三） eg26.而日本也需要从中国的快速经济增长和充满活力的改革中获益，这又成为日本发展对华关系的根本利益所 在。 While on Japan’s part, it is of fundamental interest to benefit from Chinese’s rapid economic growth and energetic reform. 上例采用的都是逆译法，反映了英汉句子语序的一个基本差别。相对而言，英语语序比较灵活，句子中的状语从 句可前可后。因此，两种语言在按照逻辑思维组句时也有相同或相似之处，翻译这类句子时译者可以相应地使用 顺译法来处理。 （3）eg27. He is right, though not in the way he intended. 他说对了，尽管事情的发展与他的预计并不一样。 eg28.由于中日双方尚难以达到互信，因此会特别关注对方的力量发展和如何使用这种力量的意图。 Since mutual trust has not yet been achieved, both sides will be especially concerned with the other’s growing power and how that power could be used