《有机化学》课程PPT教学课件（Organic Chemistry, William A. Price, Ph.D. PPT, La Salle University, L.G.WADE, JR., 8th Edition）Ketones and Aldehydes

Ketones and Aldehydes Properties Nomenclature Preparation Reactions Synthesis

Ketones and Aldehydes Properties Nomenclature Preparation Reactions Synthesis

Carbonyl Functional Groups TABLE 18-1 Some Common Classes of Carbonyl Compounds Class General Formula Class General Formula ketones R aldehydes R -H carboxylic acids R acid chlorides R— esters P R amides

Carbonyl Functional Groups

Large Dipole Controls Properties and Reactivity R R major minor

Large Dipole Controls Properties and Reactivity

Boiling Points Dipole-Dipole Interactions CHCHCH,CH,CH-O-CH,CH, butane methoxyethane bp 0C bp 8C 0 CH;CH,-C-H CH,-C-CH( CHCH,CH2一OH propanal acetone 1-propanol bp 49C bp56°C bp 97C

Boiling Points Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Adrogenic/Anabolic Steroids CH3 OH H H Testosterone Androstenedione

Adrogenic/Anabolic Steroids CH3 O CH3 OH H H H Testosterone CH3 O CH3 H H H O Androstenedione

Anabolic Steroids CH3 OH OH CH3 H H-N H H Nandralone Stanozolol

Anabolic Steroids O CH3 OH H H H CH3 CH3 H H H N N CH3 OH H Nandralone Stanozolol

IUPAC Nomenclature Ketones CI 2-me thyl-3-pe ntanone 2,7-dichlorocyclohe ptanone Br Br 1-phe nyl-1-propanone (R)6,6-dibromo-5-cyclope ntyl-2-he ptanone propiophe none (common)

IUPAC Nomenclature Ketones O 2-methyl-3-pentanone O Cl Cl 2,7-dichlorocycloheptanone O 1-phenyl-1-propanone propiophenone (common) Br Br O (R) 6,6-dibromo-5-cyclopentyl-2-heptanone

OH (E)5(S)-hydroxy-1-(m-chlorophe nyl)-3-hexen-2-one trans 1,3-diacetylcyclohexane

OH O Cl (E) 5(S)-hydroxy-1-( m-chlorophenyl)-3-hexen-2-one O O trans 1,3-diacetylcyclohexane

IUPAC Nomenclature Aldehydes H octanal (E)3-isopropyl-3-hexenal H Br人 CH 0 cis 4-bromocyclohe xane-1-carbalde hyde 5-oxohexanal

IUPAC Nomenclature Aldehydes O H octanal H O (E) 3-isopropyl-3-hexenal CH O Br cis 4-bromocyclohexane-1-carbaldehyde O H O 5-oxohexanal

Classical Aldehyde Nomenclature Prefix form HCHO acet CH3CHO propion CHO CHO B butyr CHO valer CHO

Classical Aldehyde Nomenclature HCHO C H3 CHO CHO CHO CHO Prefix form acet propion butyr valer CHO     