复旦大学：《儿科学》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）Chapter 3 Child Health Care

Chapter 3 Child Health Care

Child Health Care Chapter 3

The content of child health care Regular health surveillance Screening test Counseling and Anticipatory guidance Immunization

The content of child health care ➢ Regular health surveillance ➢ Screening test ➢ Counseling and Anticipatory guidance ➢ Immunization

Recommendation for primary health care Essential elements Schedule of health care visit History: Initial/interval Infancy 0-lyr Prenatal Neonatal First week Measurements I mo 2 mo 4 mo Sensory screening 6 mo 9 mo 12 mo Developmental Assessment Early Childhood 1-4 vr 15 mo 18 mo Physicalexamination 2 yr 3 yr 4 yr > Immunization Middle Childhood 5-10yr y Anticipatory guidance 5 6 8 Injury prevention Violence prevention Adolescence 11-21 y Sleep positioning counseling I1 yr 12 vr 13 yr Nutrition counseling 14 15 yr 16 yr tyr 18 vr 19 yr Dental referral 20 yr 21 vr

Recommendation for primary health care Essential elements ➢ History: Initial/interval ➢ Measurements ➢ Sensory screening ➢ Developmental Assessment ➢ Physical examination ➢ Immunization ➢ Anticipatory guidance Injury prevention Violence prevention Sleep positioning counseling Nutrition counseling ➢ Dental referral Schedule of health care visit ➢ Infancy 0-1yr Prenatal Neonatal First week 1 mo 2 mo 4 mo 6 mo 9 mo 12 mo ➢ Early Childhood 1-4 yr 15 mo 18 mo 2 yr 3 yr 4 yr ➢ Middle Childhood 5-10yr 5 yr 6 yr 8 yr 10 yr ➢ Adolescence 11-21 yr 11 yr 12 yr 13 yr 14 yr 15 yr 16 yr 17 yr 18 yr 19 yr 20 yr 21 yr

Seven stage Fetal period Neonatal period Infant age Toddle age Preschool age School age Adolescence

Seven Stage Fetal period Neonatal period Infant age Toddle age Preschool age School age Adolescence

Fetal Period From egg fertilized to birth, 280 days Perinatal Period e Gestation 28 wks to 1 week after birth

Fetal Period From egg fertilized to birth, 280 days Perinatal Period Gestation 28 wks to 1 week after birth

Fetal Period Physiological. ategory of Rules of health care character Diseases Growth and Congenital Sufficient nutrition and development malformation cheerful environment for Intrauterine are dependent pregnant woman growth Abstain from smoking and on maternal retardation alcohol condition Heredity and Prevent from infection genetic during pregnancy disorders Taking medicine carefully Premature Avoid to exposure on the delivery radiation and toxicity hazard Abortion Screening test before delivery if necessary

Physiological character Growth and development are dependent on maternal condition Category of Diseases Rules of health care ➢ Congenital malformation ➢ Intrauterine growth retardation ➢ Heredity and genetic disorders ➢ Premature delivery ➢ Abortion ➢ Sufficient nutrition and cheerful environment for pregnant woman ➢ Abstain from smoking and alcohol ➢ Prevent from infection during pregnancy ➢ Taking medicine carefully ➢ Avoid to exposure on the radiation and toxicity hazard ➢ Screening test before delivery if necessary Fetal Period

Neonatal Period From birth to 28 days

Neonatal Period From birth to 28 days

5 Neonatal Period Physiological. ategory of Rules of health care character Diseases Adapt to the Congenital Intensify the health care of condition of malformation prenatal and improve the surroundings Premature skill of deliver (independent>Pneumonia Pay more attention to the living) Birth injury nursing, feeding, warming Physiogiocal Asphyxia and prevention functions are> Inherit and Establish the family visiting g immature genetic diseases program for neonate Screening tests for the PKu Hypothyroidism, CDH, and neonatal hearing test, etc

Physiological character ➢ Adapt to the condition of surroundings (independent living) ➢ Physiogiocal functions are immature Category of Diseases Rules of health care ➢ Congenital malformation ➢ Premature ➢ Pneumonia ➢ Birth injury ➢ Asphyxia ➢ Inherit and genetic diseases ➢ Intensify the health care of prenatal and improve the skill of deliver ➢ Pay more attention to the nursing, feeding, warming and prevention ➢ Establish the family visiting program for neonate ➢ Screening tests for the PKU, Hypothyroidism, CDH, and neonatal hearing test, etc. Neonatal Period

Infant period From birth to l yr of age, included neonatal period

Infant period From birth to 1 yr of age, included neonatal period

Infant period Physiological. ategory of Rules of health care character Diseases Grow and Deficiency of> Properly feeding(breast develop feeding, supplementation, p promptly nutrition, Relatively diarrhea weaning) high Monitor the growth and > Infectious requirement development and provide of nutrition diseases anticipatory guidance Antibodies Accident Immunization from maternal trauma Prevent from rickets and decrease anemia etc gradually Arrange appropriate time schedule and train to good habit

Physiological character ➢ Grow and develop promptly ➢ Relatively high requirement of nutrition ➢ Antibodies from maternal decrease gradually Category of Diseases Rules of health care ➢ Deficiency of nutrition, diarrhea ➢ Infectious diseases ➢ Accident, trauma ➢ Properly feeding (breast feeding, supplementation, weaning) ➢ Monitor the growth and development and provide anticipatory guidance ➢ Immunization ➢ Prevent from rickets and anemia etc. ➢ Arrange appropriate time schedule and train to good habit Infant period