《全球变化科学》课程教学资源（讲义）06 Sustainable Approaches to Integrated River Basin Management

CasestudyonRiverBasinManagementPlanEstablishmentinrelationtothestakeholdersTowards an integrated water resources management inR'Dom sub-basin, Morocco. Mapping the interactions ofwater stakeholdersMohamed Ben-Daoud ,Gabriela Adina Morosanu 2, Badr EI Mahrad 3,AbderrahmaneBen-Daoud4,IsmailElhassnaoui5,AliEssahlaoui1&SamirEljaafari1-FacultyofSciences,MoulayIsmailUniversity,Meknes,Morocco(bendaoud.mohamed304@gmail.com2-InstituteofGeographyoftheRomanianAcademy,Romania(gabriela.adina.m@gmail.com)3-CIMA,FCT-GambelasCampus,UniversityofAlgarve,8005-139,Faro,Portugal4-GeosciencesLaboratory,DepartmentofGeology,FacultyofSciences,IbnTofailUniversityofKenitra,Kenitra,Morocco5-HydraulicSystemAnalysisTeamMohammadiaSchoolofEngineers,Rabat,Morocco

Towards an integrated water resources management in R’Dom sub-basin, Morocco. Mapping the interactions of water stakeholders Mohamed Ben-Daoud 1 , Gabriela Adina Moroșanu 2 , Badr El Mahrad 3 , Abderrahmane Ben-Daoud 4 , Ismail Elhassnaoui 5 , Ali Essahlaoui 1 & Samir Eljaafari 1 1- Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco (bendaoud.mohamed304@gmail.com) 2- Institute of Geography of the Romanian Academy, Romania (gabriela.adina.m@gmail.com) 3- CIMA, FCT-Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal 4- Geosciences Laboratory, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, IbnTofail University of Kenitra, Kenitra, Morocco. 5- Hydraulic System Analysis Team Mohammadia School of Engineers, Rabat, Morocco 1 Case study on River Basin Management Plan Establishment in relation to the stakeholders

Context (l).Economicdevelopment,populationgrowth and urbanization→waterdemandpollution&limited resources..Challenges fortherationalexploitation of availablewaterresourcesNeedforWaterManagement Models/Strategies.Climatic limitations&local specificitiesDifferentmethodsadoptedbymanagersandwaterusersOIntegratedwaterresourcesmanagement(iwRM)<economic,environmental,andsocialaspectsMorocco&WRMstatus:-Waternational policyand strategy-IncreasedwateruseefficiencyinordertopromoteeconomicgrowthThesharingofwaterdataandinformationamongactors,aswell asstakeholderparticipation,isthesupportingelementsforwaterresourcesmanagementpolicyplanningandimplementation2

2 Context (I) • Economic development, population growth and urbanization  water demand  pollution & limited resources. • Challenges for the rational exploitation of available water resources  Need for Water Management Models/ Strategies • Climatic limitations & local specificities  Different methods adopted by managers and water users Integrated water resources management (IWRM)  economic, environmental, and social aspects Morocco & IWRM status: - Water national policy and strategy - Increased water use efficiency in order to promote economic growth - The sharing of water data and information among actors, as well as stakeholder participation, is the supporting elements for water resources management policy planning and implementation

Context (II)Challenges forIWRMVariousmodels and analysistoolsto supporttheimplementation ofwatermanagementpoliciesby differentwatermanagersandexperts.:Gapbetweentheworkofstakeholdersandtherealuseofproposedsolutionsbywaterexperts.The policy makers often do not implement the solutions proposed by the different actors, especially the water experts,which is mostly linked to a misunderstanding of the water management issue.:Theadoptionof the2030Agendaand itsSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)in2015isalsoareasontohighlighttheinteractionamongdifferentstakeholders.MoroccodevelopedaNational WaterPlan,whichisbasedon3pillars:I.waterdemandmanagementandwaterdevelopmentChallenges of water(2020-2050)2.watersupplydevelopment33.preservationofwater resources,andadaptation toclimate change

3 Context (II) Challenges for IWRM • Various models and analysis tools to support the implementation of water management policies by different water managers and experts. • Gap between the work of stakeholders and the real use of proposed solutions by water experts • The policy makers often do not implement the solutions proposed by the different actors, especially the water experts, which is mostly linked to a misunderstanding of the water management issue. • The adoption of the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015 is also a reason to highlight the interaction among different stakeholders. • Morocco developed a National Water Plan, which is based on 3 pillars: 1.water demand management and water development 2.water supply development 3.preservation of water resources, and adaptation to climate change. Challenges of water (2020-2050)

AimNeed to identify the main issues and major actors related to water management, understand their strategies and identify themainsynergiesandpotentialconflictsThe objective of this research is to conduct the analysis of stakeholder's interaction in water managementsystem at the R'Dom sub-basin.For this, we adopted a participatory approach through the involvement of keystakeholders in the definition of objectives and possible interactions and influences between stakeholders.NationaParticipatorySUPPORTPLANIntegratedapproachRiverBasinWaterDESIGNActors'interactionResourcesSub-basinManagementMACTORLO02(IWRM)-MethodActors,Objectives&ForceReports-

4 Aim Need to identify the main issues and major actors related to water management, understand their strategies and identify the main synergies and potential conflicts. The objective of this research is to conduct the analysis of stakeholder’s interaction in water management system at the R'Dom sub-basin. For this, we adopted a participatory approach through the involvement of key stakeholders in the definition of objectives and possible interactions and influences between stakeholders. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Sub-basin River Basin National MACTOR - Method Actors, Objectives & Force Reports - Participatory approach SUPPORT Actors’ interaction PLAN DESIGN

.NwMorocco,14okmeastofRabatR'domsub-basin.Semi-arid climate·Intra-annualvariabilityoftemperatureBeidaJdida·500 mmAverage annual rainfallMekneskachachtR'dom riverand3tributaries?Saiss aquiferLegend·Drying up of springsSpringsBoufekraneRivers·LimitedwaterresourcesUrbanAreaThesurfacewaterisusedforirrigationR'DomSub-basinLimitsebandto supplytheMeknescitywithWaterTable(WT)drinking waterAgourai Causs-WTFez-Meknes-WTOverexploitationforagricultureMiddleAtlassCausse-WT·Food&textiles industriesPrerifaines wrinkles-WT5010kmSeboubasin Limits.WaterpollutionStudy area location: R'Dom Sub-basin and Meknes City,Morocco

Study area location: R’Dom Sub-basin and Meknes City, Morocco. 5 • NW Morocco, 140 km east of Rabat • R'dom sub-basin • Semi-arid climate • Intra-annual variability of temperature • 500 mm Average annual rainfall • R’dom river and 3 tributaries • Saïss aquifer • Drying up of springs • Limited water resources • The surface water is used for irrigation and to supply the Meknes city with drinking water • Overexploitation for agriculture • Food & textiles industries\ • Water pollution

METHODOLOGYDesign&ImplementationWaterResourcesManagementIdentifymainissues&majoractors,aswellastheir:PositionintaractionStakeholdersIntegratedand sustainablewater management systemfor thevarious uses,in the context of climatechange

6 METHODOLOGY Design & Implementation Water Resources Management Stakeholders Position intaraction Integrated and sustainable water management system for the various uses, in the context of climate change Identify main issues & major actors, as well as their:

METHODOLOGYDesign&ImplementationStakeholders骨心Step 1:Identification of key stakeholders,whichplay a major role in the integrated water resources management system in theR'Dom sub-basin

7 METHODOLOGY Design & Implementation Stakeholders Step 1: Identification of key stakeholders, which play a major role in the integrated water resources management system in the R'Dom sub-basin

Relevant water management stakeholders in at national and regional scale,to be considered in the case studyHCWCHDFD.IDNOWE.DAFMRHD*METLWNOWE*SRBA*RDA*NationalScaleES*福ROAEWRPD*WEDA*WatershedWS*PDA*ScaleMun*WUAsSub-basinScaleNational scale actors: METLW:Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water, HCWC:Higher CouncilWater and Climate; DAFM:Department of Agriculture and FisheriesMaritime; ID:Interior Department;HD:Health Department; FD:Finance Department. Watershed and sub-basin actors:SRBA:Sebou River BasinAgency;WEDA:Water and Electricity Distribution Agency;NOWE:National Office of Water and Electricity:RDA:RegionalDirectionofAgriculture;PDA:ProvincialDepartmentofAgriculture;ES:Environmental ServiceRHD:Regional Health Department,WS:Water Service;Mun:Municipalities;WRPD:Water Research andPlanningDirectorate;WUAs:Water Users Associations;ROAE:Regional offices foragricultural enhancement.8

8 National scale actors: METLW: Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water; HCWC: Higher Council Water and Climate; DAFM: Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Maritime; ID: Interior Department; HD: Health Department; FD: Finance Department. Watershed and sub-basin actors: SRBA: Sebou River Basin Agency; WEDA: Water and Electricity Distribution Agency; NOWE: National Office of Water and Electricity; RDA: Regional Direction of Agriculture; PDA: Provincial Department of Agriculture; ES: Environmental Service; RHD: Regional Health Department; WS: Water Service; Mun: Municipalities; WRPD: Water Research and Planning Directorate; WUAs: Water Users Associations; ROAE: Regional offices for agricultural enhancement. Relevant water management stakeholders in at national and regional scale, to be considered in the case study

Step1:Identification of key stakeholders,which play a major role in the integrated water resources management system in theR'Dom sub-basinNotall ofthesewaterstakeholderswerequestionedwithintheframeworkofthisstudy:ArbitrationsmadeonthefinalchoicePositions of the actors excluded from the exercise were already represented through their decentralizedservices(caseoftheministerialdepartments).social oreconomicgroup.capabilityofactionMACTORanalysisSTAKEHOLDERS:organized in a strategypublicbodiesandinstitutionsTherelationship~interactionaspectofpowercloselyrelatedtowaterproblemsintheregionbetweenstakeholders,linkedbycommonissues(Crozierlegitimizetheparticipatoryprocess and build trustindepthconsultationsandFriedberg's,1980)betweentheresearchteamand stakeholdersAccesstoreliabledatasuchasspecialty,areaofexpertiseCriteriaforthenumberofintervieweesInvolvementinthewatermanagementprocess

9 Step 1: Identification of key stakeholders, which play a major role in the integrated water resources management system in the R'Dom sub-basin Not all of these water stakeholders were questioned within the framework of this study: - Arbitrations made on the final choice - Positions of the actors excluded from the exercise were already represented through their decentralized services (case of the ministerial departments) STAKEHOLDERS MACTOR analysis • capability of action • organized in a strategy • public bodies and institutions • closely related to water problems in the region in depth consultations • social or economic group legitimize the participatory process and build trust between the research team and stakeholders Criteria for the number of interviewees • Access to reliable data such as specialty, area of expertise • Involvement in the water management process The relationship ~ interaction aspect of power between stakeholders, linked by common issues (Crozier and Friedberg's, 1980)

Relevant water management stakeholders in at national and regional scale,to be considered in the case studyHCWCHDFD?IDNOWE.DAFMRHD*METLWNOWE*SRBA*RDA*NationalScaleES*ROAEWRPD*WEDA*WatershedWS*PDA*ScaleMun*WUAsSub-basinScaleNational scaleactors:METLW:Ministry of Equipment,Transport,Logistics and WaterHCWC:HigherCouncilWater and Climate;DAFM:Departmentof Agriculture and FisheriesMaritime;ID:InteriorDepartment;HD:Health Department:FD:Finance Department. Watershed and sub-basin actors:SRBA:Sebou River BasinAgency,WEDA:Water and ElectricityDistribution Agency;NOWE:National Office of Water and ElectricityRDA:Regional Direction of Agriculture,PDA:Provincial Department ofAgriculture,ES:Environmental Service,RHD:Regional Health Department,WS:Water Service;Mun:Municipalities, WRPD:Water Research andPlanningDirectorate;WUAs:WaterUsers Associations;ROAE:Regional offices for agricultural enhancement.10

10 National scale actors: METLW: Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics and Water; HCWC: Higher Council Water and Climate; DAFM: Department of Agriculture and Fisheries Maritime; ID: Interior Department; HD: Health Department; FD: Finance Department. Watershed and sub-basin actors: SRBA: Sebou River Basin Agency; WEDA: Water and Electricity Distribution Agency; NOWE: National Office of Water and Electricity; RDA: Regional Direction of Agriculture; PDA: Provincial Department of Agriculture; ES: Environmental Service; RHD: Regional Health Department; WS: Water Service; Mun: Municipalities; WRPD: Water Research and Planning Directorate; WUAs: Water Users Associations; ROAE: Regional offices for agricultural enhancement. Relevant water management stakeholders in at national and regional scale, to be considered in the case study