华中科技大学：《营养与食品卫生学》课程教学资源（PPT课件）第一章 营养学基础 Basic Nutrition（2/2）

SECTION 5 MINERALS（矿物质） 一、 Introduction Elements（元素） in human body 1. Total elements In human body is over 80. 2. Essential elements in human body over 20, most of them (about 20) are mineral elements Microelements : Fe, Zn, Se, I, Cu, Co, Cr, F, Mn, Minerals Mo, Si, Ni, B, V. Macroelements : Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, S, Cl

SECTION 5 MINERALS（矿物质） 一、 Introduction Elements（元素） in human body 1. Total elements In human body is over 80. 2. Essential elements in human body over 20, most of them (about 20) are mineral elements Microelements : Fe, Zn, Se, I, Cu, Co, Cr, F, Mn, Minerals Mo, Si, Ni, B, V. Macroelements : Ca, P, Na, K, Mg, S, Cl

Function of minerals in body 1. Composition of human body. 2. Maintain the pH and osmotic pressure (渗透压) of body liquids. 3. Regulating the exciting of nerve and muscle . 4. Components of prosthetic group(辅基), hormone, vitamin, protein, nucleic acid, and activator （激活剂） of enzyme. 5. The others

Function of minerals in body 1. Composition of human body. 2. Maintain the pH and osmotic pressure (渗透压) of body liquids. 3. Regulating the exciting of nerve and muscle . 4. Components of prosthetic group(辅基), hormone, vitamin, protein, nucleic acid, and activator （激活剂） of enzyme. 5. The others

二、钙（Calcium） 1. Distribution of Calcium in human body Ca in the body: 850-1200g 1.5%-2.0% of body weight Bone , teeth, 99%: Hydroxyapatite （羟磷灰石） amorphous Ca （未定形钙） Combined form, 0.5%: combined with protein and citric acid （ 柠檬酸） Ion, 0.5%： Miscible Ca Pool （混溶钙池）In blood, extra￾cellular fluid, soft tissue, and exchangeable

二、钙（Calcium） 1. Distribution of Calcium in human body Ca in the body: 850-1200g 1.5%-2.0% of body weight Bone , teeth, 99%: Hydroxyapatite （羟磷灰石） amorphous Ca （未定形钙） Combined form, 0.5%: combined with protein and citric acid （ 柠檬酸） Ion, 0.5%： Miscible Ca Pool （混溶钙池）In blood, extra￾cellular fluid, soft tissue, and exchangeable

2. Function of calcium in body 1). Principal component of skeletal tissue Osteoblasts(成) Osteoclasts(破) Bone Ca (miscible Ca pool) Children: 1-2 year Adult: 10-12 y (2%-4% per year, 700mg/d) After 40y: Ca in the bone decreased by ~1% per year Earlier in females than in males; Most rapidly during first 3 years After menopause; Taller people less rapidly

2. Function of calcium in body 1). Principal component of skeletal tissue Osteoblasts(成) Osteoclasts(破) Bone Ca (miscible Ca pool) Children: 1-2 year Adult: 10-12 y (2%-4% per year, 700mg/d) After 40y: Ca in the bone decreased by ~1% per year Earlier in females than in males; Most rapidly during first 3 years After menopause; Taller people less rapidly

2). Regulating neuromuscular(神经肌肉) excitability, maintaining transmission of nerve impulses (神经冲动) and heart beats. (3) Influencing enzymereaction: Succinodehydrogenase (琥珀酸 脱氢酶). Lipase(脂肪酶), ATPase(三磷酸腺苷酶), proteinase(蛋白酶), (4) Others: hormone secretion, blood coagulation (凝结), acid-base balance, normal colloid(胶体)

2). Regulating neuromuscular(神经肌肉) excitability, maintaining transmission of nerve impulses (神经冲动) and heart beats. (3) Influencing enzymereaction: Succinodehydrogenase (琥珀酸 脱氢酶). Lipase(脂肪酶), ATPase(三磷酸腺苷酶), proteinase(蛋白酶), (4) Others: hormone secretion, blood coagulation (凝结), acid-base balance, normal colloid(胶体)

CALCIUM Calcium is essential for the formation and maintenance of bones and teeth,blood clotting,normal heart beat and hormone secretion DRI:1000 mg ADA.M

3. Absorption and Metabolism 1) Mechanism of absorption: ➢ Position: in the small intestine ➢ Transcellular(跨细胞): saturable(可饱和的) (active) transfer that involves a calcium-biding protein, calbindin (钙结合蛋白). ➢ Paracellular (同细胞水平): a nonsaturable (diffusional 扩散) transfer that is a linear(一维的) function of the calcium content of the chyme(食糜)

3. Absorption and Metabolism 1) Mechanism of absorption: ➢ Position: in the small intestine ➢ Transcellular(跨细胞): saturable(可饱和的) (active) transfer that involves a calcium-biding protein, calbindin (钙结合蛋白). ➢ Paracellular (同细胞水平): a nonsaturable (diffusional 扩散) transfer that is a linear(一维的) function of the calcium content of the chyme(食糜)

Ca, P metabolism

Ca, P metabolism

2) Affecting factors Age ➢children: 75% 0f ingested Ca; >40% of food Ca ➢adults: 30%-60%; 20% ~ ➢> 70y 1/3 of adult’s; female Physiological situation ➢pregnancy and breast-feed > others Body Ca conc

2) Affecting factors Age ➢children: 75% 0f ingested Ca; >40% of food Ca ➢adults: 30%-60%; 20% ~ ➢> 70y 1/3 of adult’s; female Physiological situation ➢pregnancy and breast-feed > others Body Ca conc

Dietary factors ➢ increasing Ca absorption: Vit. D, Lactose, Some amino acids: Arginine(精氨酸), lysine (赖氨酸) ➢ decreasing Ca absorption : phytate(植酸盐), oxalate(草酸盐), fibre, fatty acid, alcohol; thyroid hormone(甲状 腺素), cortisol(皮质醇), and antibiotics: penicillin, chloramphenical (氯霉素), neomycin (新霉素)

Dietary factors ➢ increasing Ca absorption: Vit. D, Lactose, Some amino acids: Arginine(精氨酸), lysine (赖氨酸) ➢ decreasing Ca absorption : phytate(植酸盐), oxalate(草酸盐), fibre, fatty acid, alcohol; thyroid hormone(甲状 腺素), cortisol(皮质醇), and antibiotics: penicillin, chloramphenical (氯霉素), neomycin (新霉素)