南京师范大学：《微生物学》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）Chapter 1 Introduction of Microbiology

Miciabialogy Institite of microciolagyo callege of life science,Najing Narmal University

Institite of microciology，college of life science, Najing Normal University Microbiology

Chapter 1 Introduction A.What is microbe? The word microbe (microorganism)is used to describe an organism that is so small that, normally,it cannot be seen without the use of a microscope. “microorganism micro organism Microorganism is not a term on taxology

Chapter 1 Introduction A. What is microbe? The word microbe (microorganism) is used to describe an organism that is so small that, normally, it cannot be seen without the use of a microscope. “microorganism” micro + organism Microorganism is not a term on taxology

The main groups Eukaryote-fungoid、microscopic algae、 protozoa and some intestinal parasitic worms Prokaryote-bacteria、actinomycete、 cyanobacteria and archaebacteria Noncellular orgnism -virus,viroid and prion

The main groups Eukaryote－fungoid、microscopic algae、 protozoa and some intestinal parasitic worms Prokaryote－bacteria、actinomycete、 cyanobacteria and archaebacteria Noncellular orgnism －virus, viroid and prion

B.The characteristics of microorganism 1. Microscopic independent units 3. less complex 4.rapid growth rates 5.opmipresent

B. The characteristics of microorganism 1． Microscopic 2． independent units 3． less complex 4． rapid growth rates 5． opmipresent

6.Same research techniques .Colony research .Specific aseptic techniques .Similar techniques in species identification and cultivation In fact,irrelevant microbial groups are studied as an independent subject -microbiology, which is mainly in accordance to the research techniques rather than relative among microorganisms

6. Same research techniques •Colony research •Specific aseptic techniques •Similar techniques in species identification and cultivation In fact, irrelevant microbial groups are studied as an independent subject -microbiology, which is mainly in accordance to the research techniques rather than relative among microorganisms

C.The position in life world Plant kingdom Animal kingdom Bacteria domains Fungi kingdom Eukaryote domains Archaea doma ins Protista kindom Prokaryote kingdom Common ancester The categorizing system of biological a five kindoms 6 The categorizing system of three domains

C. The position in life world 原生生物界 植物界 真菌界 动物界 细菌域 古生菌域 真核生物域 a The categorizing system of biological five kindoms 原生生物界 植物界 真菌界 动物界 细菌域 古生菌域 真核生物域 b Fungi kingdom Prokaryote kingdom Protista kindom Plant kingdom Animal kingdom Bacteria domains Common ancester Archaea domains Eukaryote domains The categorizing system of three domains

D.Category The systemic taxa of mocroorganisms follow the systemic taxa built by Linnaeus,including seven grades from top to bottom: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species There are more than ten grades in the systemic taxa altogether,because each grade,if needed,could sub- divide some auxiliary units

D. Category The systemic taxa of mocroorganisms follow the systemic taxa built by Linnaeus，including seven grades from top to bottom: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species There are more than ten grades in the systemic taxa altogether, because each grade, if needed, could sub￾divide some auxiliary units

All species names of cellular microorganisms obey the Latin binominal nomenclature built by Linnaeus without exception,i.e.a formal species name is built up by Latin words,and it should be italic.According to binomial nomenclature,a formal species name is consist of a genus name and a adding word of a species.A formal species name present in taxology literature,namers often be added after them,but namers could be omitted generally

All species names of cellular microorganisms obey the Latin binominal nomenclature built by Linnaeus without exception，i.e. , a formal species name is built up by Latin words，and it should be italic. According to binomial nomenclature, a formal species name is consist of a genus name and a adding word of a species. A formal species name present in taxology literature, namers often be added after them, but namers could be omitted generally

e.g. Escherichia coli (Migula)Castellani et Chalmers Aspergillus flavus Schizosaccharomyces pombe

e. g. Escherichia coli（Migula）Castellani et Chalmers Aspergillus flavus Schizosaccharomyces pombe

A formal species name should obey trinomial nomenclature,when the name of microorganism is a subspecies(sub-sp.,Roman type)or a variety(var.Roman type). e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.galleria Saccharomyces cerevisiae var.ellipsoideus

A formal species name should obey trinomial nomenclature, when the name of microorganism is a subspecies( sub-sp．,Roman type) or a variety( var.,Roman type). e.g. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp．galleria Saccharomyces cerevisiae var．ellipsoideus