《医药学基础》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System College of Life Sciences Yuting Cui

The Respiratory System College of Life Sciences Yuting Cui

Introduction In order for the cells of the body to carry on their metabolic activities under aerobic conditions,they require a constant supply of oxygen and an efficient means of removing the carbon dioxide that their activities produce.Oxygen is supplied and carbon dioxide is removed by the respiratory system,with the assistance of the circulatory system. The respiratory system also makes vocalization possible.We are able to speak,sing,and laugh by varying the tension of the vocal folds as exhaled air passes over them

Introduction In order for the cells of the body to carry on their metabolic activities under aerobic conditions, they require a constant supply of oxygen and an efficient means of removing the carbon dioxide that their activities produce. Oxygen is supplied and carbon dioxide is removed by the respiratory system, with the assistance of the circulatory system. The respiratory system also makes vocalization possible. We are able to speak, sing, and laugh by varying the tension of the vocal folds as exhaled air passes over them

Introduction The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood occurs in the lungs.In order to reach the exchange sites in the lungs,the air must flow through a series of conducting passageways that branch from one another much like the branches of a tree

Introduction The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood occurs in the lungs. In order to reach the exchange sites in the lungs, the air must flow through a series of conducting passageways that branch from one another much like the branches of a tree

Anatomical Structure of The Respiratory System Nose Upper Pharynx Respiratory Tract Respiratory Throat Tract Trachea Lower Respiratory Respiratory System Bronchus Tract Lung

Anatomical Structure of The Respiratory System Respiratory Tract Respiratory System Lung Throat Pharynx Nose Trachea Bronchus Lower Respiratory Tract Upper Respiratory Tract

Lung Located in the chest and each side had one. Smoking is bad for our health

Lung Located in the chest and each side had one. Smoking is bad for our health

Structure and Function of The Lung Pulmonary Alveoli

Structure and Function of The Lung Pulmonary Alveoli

The Site of Gas Exchange Lung The characteristics of alveoli are suitable for gas exchange: Large quantity (300 million). Large area(90-100 square meters). Thin wall:composed of a layer of cells. Outer surface is entangled with rich capillaries and elastic fibers. Respiratory membrane:The membrane 肺泡 composed of alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane,interstitial tissue and capillary endothelial cells.It is the site for gas exchange between the outside world and blood

The Site of Gas Exchange Lung The characteristics of alveoli are suitable for gas exchange: • Large quantity (300 million). • Large area(90-100 square meters) . • Thin wall: composed of a layer of cells. • Outer surface is entangled with rich capillaries and elastic fibers. Respiratory membrane: The membrane composed of alveolar epithelium and its basement membrane, interstitial tissue and capillary endothelial cells. It is the site for gas exchange between the outside world and blood

Alveolar Epithelial Cell Alveolar epithelial cell:Type I and TypeⅡ Type I cells are also called flat epithelial cells,make up most of the surface of the alveoli and are very thin, accounting for 95%. Type II cells,also known as secretory type Ialveolar cells epithelial cells,diacyllecithin,a surfactant type II alveolar cells that reduces surface tension,accounting for 5%

Alveolar Epithelial Cell Alveolar epithelial cell: Type I and Type II Type I cells are also called flat epithelial cells, make up most of the surface of the alveoli and are very thin, accounting for 95%. Type II cells, also known as secretory epithelial cells, diacyllecithin, a surfactant that reduces surface tension, accounting for 5%

Alveolar Surfactant Surface Tension:A liquid such as water produces a force that reduces the surface as much as possible. Source:The secretion of alveolar type II cells. Ingredient:Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline. Function: Decrease alveolar surface tension.Reduce inspiratory resistance. Reduce the fluid production of the alveoli.Prevention of pulmonary edema. Maintain the stability of alveolar pressure.Prevent alveolar rupture or atrophy

Alveolar Surfactant Surface Tension: A liquid such as water produces a force that reduces the surface as much as possible. Source: The secretion of alveolar type II cells. Ingredient: Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline. Function: • Decrease alveolar surface tension.→Reduce inspiratory resistance. • Reduce the fluid production of the alveoli.→Prevention of pulmonary edema. • Maintain the stability of alveolar pressure.→Prevent alveolar rupture or atrophy

The Whole Process of Breathing Gas Pulmonary Transport Tissue Exchange Exchange Lung Ventilation Intracellular 02 Oxidative C02 Metabolism External Gas is transported Internal Respiration in the blood Respiration

The Whole Process of Breathing Tissue Exchange Intracellular Oxidative Metabolism Pulmonary Exchange Gas Transport Lung Ventilation O2 CO2 External Respiration Gas is transported in the blood Internal Respiration