上海交通大学医学院：《妇产科学》（双语） 56 Definition and Classification

.IC Urgan rro) lapse Definition and classification A prolapse is a downward or forward displacement of one of the pelvic organs from its normal location. ra variety of terms are used to describe female genital prolapse. *a cystocele is a downward displacement of the bladder. ra cystourethrocele is a cystocele that imcludes the urethra as part of the prolapsing organ complex

Definition and Classification *A prolapse is a downward or forward displacement of one of the pelvic organs from its normal location. *A variety of terms are used to describe female genital prolapse. *A cystocele is a downward displacement of the bladder. *A cystourethrocele is a cystocele that imcludes the urethra as part of the prolapsing organ complex

*A uterine prolapse is a descent of the uterus and cervix down the vaginal canal toward the vaginal introitus *rectocele *enterocele Symptoms of prolapse feeling of pressure something is protruding from the vagina stress urinary incontinence *voiding difficulty nefficient rectal emptying

*A uterine prolapse is a descent of the uterus and cervix down the vaginal canal toward the vaginal introitus. *rectocele *enterocele Symptoms of Prolapse *feeling of pressure *something is protruding from the vagina *stress urinary incontinence *voiding difficulty *inefficient rectal emptying

Stage No prolapse is demonstrated Stage 1 >lcm above the level of the hymen Stage 2 the plane of the hymen Stage 3 >lcm below the plane of the hymen Stage 4 nearly complete eversion of the vagina

Stage 0 No prolapse is demonstrated Stage 1 >1cm above the level of the hymen Stage 2 the plane of the hymen Stage 3 >1cm below the plane of the hymen Stage 4 nearly complete eversion of the vagina

Examination all aspects of vaginal support should be carefully surveyed. examining patients in the standing position as well as in the standard dorsal lithotomy position. TTreatment *Asymptomatic prolapse *to undergo surgical bladder neck suspension

*all aspects of vaginal support should be carefully surveyed. *examining patients in the standing position as well as in the standard dorsal lithotomy position. Examination Treatment *Asymptomatic prolapse *to undergo surgical bladder neck suspension

Surgery Vaginal Hysterectomy Manchester operation Uteropexy Paravaginal Defect Repair Operation POsterior Colporrhaphy Corpectomy and colpocleisis Colpopexy

Surgery *Vaginal Hysterectomy *Manchester Operation *Uteropexy *Paravaginal Defect Repair Operation *Posterior Colporrhaphy *Colpectomy and Colpocleisis *Colpopexy