上海交通大学医学院：《妇产科学》（双语） 33 Physiology of the Female Reproductive System

Physiology of the Female Reproductive System Liu wei Department of Ob &t Gy Ren Ji hospital

Physiology of the Female Reproductive System Liu Wei Department of Ob & Gy Ren Ji hospital

Physiological Stages Neonatal period birth---4 Weeks Childhood, 4 weeks-- 2 years Puberty: 12 years--18 years Sexual maturation: 18 year---50 year Perimenopause. decline of ovarian function(40 years)----1 year postmenopause ° Postmenopause

Physiological Stages • Neonatal period: birth---4 weeks • Childhood: 4 weeks----12 years • Puberty: 12 years---18 years • Sexual maturation: 18 year---50 year • Perimenopause: decline of ovarian function (40 years)----1 year postmenopause • Postmenopause:

Menstruation Menstruation cyclic endometrium sheds and bleeds due to cyclic ovulation Mense 1.Endometrium is sloughed (progesterone withdrawal) 2. Nonclotting menstrual blood mainly comes from artery(75%) 3. Interval: 24-35 days(28 days). duration: 2-3 days. the first day of menstrual bleeding is considered by day 4. Shedding: 30-50 ml

Menstruation • Menstruation cyclic endometrium sheds and bleeds due to cyclic ovulation • Mense 1. Endometrium is sloughed (progesterone withdrawal) 2. Nonclotting menstrual blood mainly comes from artery (75%) 3. Interval: 24-35 days (28 days). duration: 2-6 days. the first day of menstrual bleeding is consideredy by day 1 4. Shedding: 30-50 ml

Central reproductive hormones Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary(Hl-P-0, is GONADAL STEROIDS LOW UNCHANGED ADULT LEVEL FEEDBACK OPERATIVE DECREASING OPERATIVE AT AND SENSTIVE IN SENSITIVITY ADULT LEVEL GONADOTROPINS LOW INCREASING ADULT LEVEL HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOTHALAMUS LHRFYFSHRF PITUITARY PITUITARY PITUIARY FSH FSH FSH GONADAL GONADAL SECRETIONS SECRETIONS GONAD GONAD GONAD PRE PUBERTY INITIATION OF PUBERTY ADULT

Central reproductive hormones • Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary(H-P-O axis)

Central reproductive hormones Neuroendocrine regulation 1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, GrRH chemical structure ( Pro)Glu-Hlis-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH 2)Synthesize and transport nerve cells portal vein anterior lobe hypothalamus pitutary

Central reproductive hormones • Neuroendocrine regulation 1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH 1) chemical structure (pro)Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2 2) Synthesize and transport nerve cells hypothalamus portal vein pitutary anterior lobe

Central reproductive hormones Paraventricular nucleus Supraoptic nucleus Hy pothalamic nucleus Su preoptic artery Mamillary body Sup hypophyseal artery Hy pophyseal portal vein Neurosecretory granules Anterior lobe Posterior lobe Venous drainage Venous drainage

Central reproductive hormones

Central reproductive hormones 3)Regulation of GnRH Hypothalami GnRH Pituitary FSH LH vary EP

Central reproductive hormones 3) Regulation of GnRH Hypothalams GnRH Pituitary FSH, LH Ovary E,P

Central reproductive hormones 2. Gonadotropins- 1)Composition(glycoprotein Follicle stinulating hormone FSH Luteinizing hormone, LH 2)Synthesize and transport Gonadotroph Blood ovary (pulse) circulation

Central reproductive hormones 2. Gonadotropins 1) Composition (glycoprotein) Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH Luteinizing hormone,LH 2) Synthesize and transport Gonadotroph (pulse) Blood circulation ovary

Central reproductive hormones 3. Prolactin (PRl) Regulated-by the prolactin inhibiting factor(PF

Central reproductive hormones 3. Prolactin (PRL) Regulated by the prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF)

The Ovarian cycle Function of ovary 1. Reproduction development and maturation of follide ovulation 2. Endocrine estrogens, progesterone, testosterone

The Ovarian cycle • Function of ovary 1. Reproduction development and maturation of follicle; ovulation 2. Endocrine estrogens, progesterone, testosterone