上海交通大学医学院：《妇产科学》（双语） 36 Physiology of the female reproductive system

Physiology of the female reproductive system

Physiology of the female reproductive system

1. Different periods of Female a Neonatal period s 4 weeks a childhood: 4 weeks to age of 12 O adolescence: menarche s age of 12-17 O sexual maturity: begain 18, maintains for 30 years a peri-menopausal period: begain 40, maintains for 10-20 years pre-menopause, menopause(last time of menorrhae post-menopause 口 senility

1. Different periods of Female ❑ Neonatal period :  4 weeks ❑ childhood: 4 weeks to age of 12 ❑ adolescence: menarche, age of 12-17 ❑ sexual maturity: begain 18, maintains for 30 years ❑ peri-menopausal period:begain 40, maintains for 10-20 years pre-menopause, menopause(last time of menorrhae), post-menopause ❑ senility

2. The definition of menstruation a Menarche the onset of the first menses occurs about two years after the o pubert occurs between 13 and 15 vears of ago anovulatory for first two years

2.The definition of menstruation ❑Menarche: the onset of the first menses occurs about two years after the onset of pubert occurs between 13 and 15 years of age anovulatory for first two years

aThe first day of menstrual bleeding is considered day l of the menstrual cycle a The length of menstrual cycle is 28-30 days O The duration of flow is 2-7 days a The volume of menstrual blood loss is 30mI-50mL(80mL), darkness and nonclotting

❑ The first day of menstrual bleeding is considered day 1 of the menstrual cycle ❑ The length of menstrual cycle is 28 –30 days ❑ The duration of flow is 2-7 days ❑ The volume of menstrual blood loss is 30ml-50mL(<80mL),darkness and nonclotting

The Founction of ovary 口 Produce oocvte a Endocrine: produce female hormone

The Founction of ovary ❑ Produce oocyte ❑ Endocrine: produce female hormone

3. Reproductive cycle Devided into 3 phases O Menstruation: 1-4days O the follicular phase: 5-14 days a number of follicles developing, only one dominant follicle others become atretic ovulation: 14th. releasing oocvte luteal phase: 15-28 days unless pregnancy occurs

3.Reproductive cycle Devided into 3 phases ❑Menstruation: 1-4days ❑ the follicular phase:5-14 days a number of follicles developing, only one dominant follicle others become atretic ovulation:14th, releasing oocyte ❑ luteal phase: 15-28 days unless pregnancy occurs

1) Development of ovary Ovarian cycle is divided into four phases O Development of follicles primitive follicles→ rimary follica→ secondary follicles,antrum/ developing follicles >maturity follicles 口 ovulation 口 corpus luteun 口 corpus albican

1) Development of ovary Ovarian cycle is divided into four phases ❑ Development of follicles primitive follicles→primary follicles → secondary follicles → antrun/ developing follicles → maturity follicles ❑ ovulation ❑ corpus luteum ❑ corpus albican

CHAPTER 34 Reproductive Cycle Immature follicles within the ovary Oocyte ⊙ Developing Penge follicle Granulosa Corpus albicans Theca cell Involution Ovulation (release of the Corpus egg through luteum (Blood and the wall of the fibrin) ovary FIGURE 34.3. Cyclic changes in ovarian follicle development. (From Smith RP: Gynecology in Primary Care. Baltimore, Williams Wilkins, 1996, p. 29.)

2)Ovarian steroid hormones 口 Estrogens rise in plasma by 4th day of cycle from granulosa cells and theca cells negative feedback to FSH > positve feedback to LH

2)Ovarian steroid hormones ❑Estrogens ➢rise in plasma by 4th day of cycle ➢from granulosa cells and theca cells ➢negative feedback to FSH ➢positve feedback to LH

口 Progesterone: from corpus luteum maximal production occurs 3-4 days after ovulation and maintained for 11 days negative feedback on FSH and LH

❑Progesterone: ➢ from corpus luteum ➢ maximal production occurs 3-4 days after ovulation and maintained for 11 days ➢ negative feedback on FSH and LH