《分子生物学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）Chapter 8 The Hot Topics in Genomics and Post-Genome Era

Molecular Biology course dhapter 8 The Hot Topics in Genomics and Post-Genome Era 2025/5/15

2025/5/15 1 Chapter 8 The Hot Topics in Genomics and Post-Genome Era •Molecular Biology Course

Outline Topic 1 Genome and genomics Topic 2 Proteomics Topic 3 Metabolomics Topic 4 Human Microbiome Project(HMP) 2025/5/15 2

2025/5/15 2 Topic 1 Genome and genomics Topic 2 Proteomics Topic 3 Metabolomics Topic 4 Human Microbiome Project (HMP) Outline

Key points重点掌握： The progress and importance of the HGP(HGP 划的进展及重要意义)： Shotgun sequencing technology(鸟枪法序列分析技 术)； The content of HapMap plan(HapMap计划内容)； ■人类元基因组计划 the concept and progress of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics(转录组学、蛋白组学 及代谢组学概念及进展)。 2025/5/15 3

2025/5/15 3 Key points 重点掌握： The progress and importance of the HGP( HGP 计 划的进展及重要意义)； Shotgun sequencing technology(鸟枪法序列分析技 术)； The content of HapMap plan (HapMap计划内容) ； 人类元基因组计划 the concept and progress of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics( 转录组学、蛋白组学 及代谢组学概念及进展)

The studies on gene are the main line of life sciences in the 20th century 基因研究是20世纪生命科学的主线 In the first half of the 20th century as represented by genetics,the main outcomes of the life sciences include law of segregation law of independent assortment,law of linkage and crossing over,chemical properties of gene,DNA double helix structure,etc. 20世纪的上半叶，以遗传学为代表，生命科学通过 对基因分离、独立分配、莲锁及化学属性等的研 究L最這以作为遗传信息载体的DNA双螺旋结构 的提出耑苦捷。 2025/5/15 4

2025/5/15 4 The studies on gene are the main line of life sciences in the 20th century 基因研究是20世纪生命科学的主线 ★ In the first half of the 20th century , as represented by genetics, the main outcomes of the life sciences include law of segregation , law of independent assortment , law of linkage and crossing over , chemical properties of gene, DNA double helix structure, etc. 20世纪的上半叶，以遗传学为代表，生命科学通过 对基因分离、独立分配、连锁及化学属性等的研 究，最后以作为遗传信息载体的DNA双螺旋结构 的提出而告捷

In the second half of the 20th century,as represented by molecular biology,the life sciences reveal the mechanisms of DNA replication,transcription,translation and analysis the genetic codes and put forward “the central dogma”. 20世纪下半叶，以分子生物学为代表，生命科学通 过对基因复制 转绿 翻译及传密码的公析与 破锋最终以统二生命世客层，生命料学各 分支的“中心法则”的问世而集成。 2025/5/15 5

2025/5/15 5 ★ In the second half of the 20th century, as represented by molecular biology, the life sciences reveal the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription, translation and analysis the genetic codes and put forward “the central dogma”. 20世纪下半叶，以分子生物学为代表，生命科学通 过对基因复制、转录、翻译及遗传密码的分析与 破译，最终以统一生命世界各层次，生命科学各 分支的“中心法则”的问世而集成

In the 1990s,with the global genome project, particularly the Human Genome Project (HGP),gene research has been near"the peak',human knowledge on the life world reached an unprecedented depth and breadth. 20世纪90年代，随着全球基因组计划，尤其是人类 隆。 基因研究接近 类对生命世界 的理性认识途到了箭所耒宥的深度写产度。 2025/5/15 6

2025/5/15 6 ★ In the 1990s, with the global genome project, particularly the Human Genome Project (HGP) , gene research has been near “the peak”, human knowledge on the life world reached an unprecedented depth and breadth. 20世纪90年代,随着全球基因组计划，尤其是人类 基因组计划(HGP)规模空前、速度惊人的推进， 基因研究已接近“登峰造极”，人类对生命世界 的理性认识达到了前所未有的深度与广度

In the 20th century,three science and technology projects of human 20世纪的人类三大科技工程 The three major scientific discoveries in the 20th century (The Theory of Relativity,Quantum Theory,DNA Double Delix Structure)have led to three major science and technology projects of human:20世纪三 大科学发现（相对论，量学论，DNA双螺旋结构）导致了人 类三大科技工程： Manhattan Project(nuclear weapons,nuclear power and nuclear technologies)曼哈顿工程（核武器，以及接着而 来的核动力和核技术的广泛应用)： Project Apollo(lunar landing,space research and development));阿波罗工程（登月，航天与空间研究开发）； ★Human Genome Project(HGP)人类基因组工程。 2025/5/15

2025/5/15 7 The three major scientific discoveries in the 20th century (The Theory of Relativity, Quantum Theory, DNA Double Delix Structure) have led to three major science and technology projects of human : 20世纪三 大科学发现(相对论，量子论，DNA双螺旋结构)导致了人 类三大科技工程: ★ Manhattan Project (nuclear weapons, nuclear power and nuclear technologies) 曼哈顿工程(核武器，以及接着而 来的核动力和核技术的广泛应用)； ★ Project Apollo (lunar landing, space research and development);阿波罗工程(登月，航天与空间研究开发); ★ Human Genome Project (HGP) 人类基因组工程。 In the 20th century, three science and technology projects of human 20世纪的人类三大科技工程

Topic 1 Genome and Genomics (基因组和基因组学) 2025/5/15 8

2025/5/15 8 Topic 1 Genome and Genomics (基因组和基因组学)

1.1 Genome: The word 'genome'is from 'gene'and 'chromosome',refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in an organism. 基因组一词是从genes和chromosomes合成 而来，用来描述生物的全部基因和染色体组成 的概念。 2025/5/15 9

2025/5/15 9 1.1 Genome: The word ‘genome’ is from ‘gene’ and ‘chromosome’ , refers to a full set of chromosomes or genes in an organism. 基因组一词是从 genes 和 chromosomes 合成 而来，用来描述生物的全部基因和染色体组成 的概念

*In 1986,American scientist Thomas Roderick first proposed the concept of genomics. Genomics is the study of an organism's entire genome,including genome mapping (such as the genetic map,physical map and transcription map),nucleotide sequence analysis,gene mapping and gene functional analysis. 1986年，美国科学家Thomas Roderick首先提出 了基因组学(genomics)的概念。指对所有基因 进行基因组作图（包括遗传图谱，物理图谱和转 录图谱)，核苷酸序列分析，基因定位和基因功 能分析。 2025/5/15 10

2025/5/15 10 ★In 1986, American scientist Thomas Roderick first proposed the concept of genomics. Genomics is the study of an organism's entire genome, including genome mapping (such as the genetic map, physical map and transcription map), nucleotide sequence analysis, gene mapping and gene functional analysis. 1986年, 美国科学家 Thomas Roderick 首先提出 了基因组学 (genomics) 的概念。指对所有基因 进行基因组作图（包括遗传图谱，物理图谱和转 录图谱），核苷酸序列分析，基因定位和基因功 能分析