《分子生物学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）Chaptor 6 The biosynthesis of protein（translation）

Molecular Biology course Chaptor 6 The biosynthesis of protein (translation) chain of amino acids- Initiation Elongation (Mer Val mRNA CUC EAG AUG GUU Termination Val CGAISTOP GGA AGG GUU LAA nbosome stop codon

•Molecular Biology Course Chaptor 6 The biosynthesis of protein (translation)

The revised central dogma 八NN入八 DNA Replication Transcripti on RNA Translation Protein

The revised central dogma RNA processing

What is translation? -it is the story about decoding the genetic information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA)into proteins

What is translation? -it is the story about decoding the genetic information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins

Three components of Translation machinery Nucleus DNA 1.mRNAs (5%of total RNA Transcription cellular RNA); 2.tRNAs(~15%) Protein PROTEIN 3. ribosomes (~100 RN proteins and 3-4 rRNAS-80%) ribosome

Three components of Translation machinery 1. mRNAs (~5% of total cellular RNA); 2. tRNAs (~15%); 3. ribosomes (~100 proteins and 3-4 rRNAs-~80%)

Translation costs extremely In rapid growing bacterial cells,protein synthesis consumes: 80%of the cell's energy; 50%of the cell's dry weight; Why?

Translation costs extremely In rapid growing bacterial cells, protein synthesis consumes: • 80% of the cell’s energy; • 50% of the cell’s dry weight; Why?

The main challenges of translation The genetic information in mRNA cannot be recognized directly by amino acids; 。 The genetic code has to be recognized by an adaptor（适配器)molecule(translator),and this adaptor recruit the corresponding amino acid accurately;

The main challenges of translation • The genetic information in mRNA cannot be recognized directly by amino acids; • The genetic code has to be recognized by an adaptor（适配器 ） molecule (translator), and this adaptor recruit the corresponding amino acid accurately;

Outline Section 1:mRNA and genetic code Section 2:tRNA Section 3:the ribosome 。 Section 4:translation process Section 5:protein translocation

Outline • Section 1: mRNA and genetic code • Section 2: tRNA • Section 3: the ribosome • Section 4: translation process • Section 5: protein translocation

Key points of the chapter The structure and function of three components of the translation machinery(重点)； What is the degeneracy of genetic code?I重点] What are the benefits of the code universality? What is about the Wobble in the Anticodon? ● initiation,elongation and termination(具体过程 和翻译因子的作用-注意起始阶段原核与真核的 不同，重点； Signal hypothesis;

Key points of the chapter • The structure and function of three components of the translation machinery (重点); • What is the degeneracy of genetic code? [重点] What are the benefits of the code universality? What is about the Wobble in the Anticodon? • initiation, elongation and termination (具体过程 和翻译因子的作用-注意起始阶段原核与真核的 不同，重点); • Signal hypothesis;

Section 1:mRNA and genetic code Mature mRNA is direct template for protein biosynthesis; There are a lot of mRNA in a cell; The length of mRNA is different; The life of mRNA is the shortest in all RNA;

Mature mRNA is direct template for protein biosynthesis; There are a lot of mRNA in a cell; The length of mRNA is different; The life of mRNA is the shortest in all RNA; Section 1: mRNA and genetic code

All of the nucleotide sequence of a mRNA molecule will be translated? Nel

All of the nucleotide sequence of a mRNA molecule will be translated?