《病理生理学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）Chapter 6 Dysfunction Of Cell Signaling In Diseases

Signal Transduction and theRelated DisordersPathophysiology DepartmentShiHeZi Medical College

Signal Transduction and the Related Disorders Pathophysiology Department ShiHeZi Medical College

Basic Concept of Cell Signaling(trans-membranous signaling)The process in which cellsthe extracellular stimuli throughsensemembranous orintracellularreceptors,transduce the signals via intracellular molecules,and thus regulate the biological function of thecells

The process in which cells sense the extracellular stimuli through membranous or intracellular receptors, transduce the signals via intracellular molecules, and thus regulate the biological function of the cells Basic Concept of Cell Signaling (trans-membranous signaling)

Major pathways for cell signalingG-protein-mediated pathwayAdenylate cyclase mediatedpathwayPhospholipasemediated pathwaySmall G-protein-mediated pathwayNon-G-protein-mediated pathwayReceptor tyrosine kinase mediated pathwayReceptor serine/threoninekinase mediated pathwayReceptor guanilate cyclase mediated pathwayIntracellular (unclear)receptor mediatedpathway

G-protein-mediated pathway Adenylate cyclase mediated pathway Phospholipase mediated pathway Small G-protein-mediated pathway Non-G-protein-mediated pathway Receptor tyrosine kinase mediated pathway Receptor serine/threonine kinase mediated pathway Receptor guanilate cyclase mediated pathway Intracellular (unclear) receptor mediated pathway Major pathways for cell signaling

Aberrant Cell Signaling andthe Related Disorders

Aberrant Cell Signaling and the Related Disorders

CYTOPLASMEXTRACELLULARFLUID3Response21TransductionReceptionReceptorActivationofcellularresponsesSignal-transductionpathwaySignalmoleculePlasmamembraneGeneral process fortransmembrane signal transduction

General process for transmembrane signal transduction

1. Aberrant Signal

1. Aberrant Signal

Types of cellular signals(1)Physical signalsLight, electronic, mechanic, UV, heat,volume or osmotic, etc(2)ChemicalsignalsHormones,neurotransmitters,GFs.cytokines; odor molecules; ATP, activeoxygen; drugs, toxins, etc

Types of cellular signals (1) Physical signals Light, electronic, mechanic, UV, heat, volume or osmotic, etc (2) Chemical signals Hormones, neurotransmitters, GFs, cytokines; odor molecules; ATP, active oxygen; drugs, toxins, etc

Modes for the function of endogenous signalsEndocrine Act on a far away organ via bloodcirculation, seen in most hormonesParacrine Act on a nearby target, seen in GFs, PG, NOAutocrineActonitself after secreted,seen in GFs.especiallyintumortissuesIntricrineAct on itself before secreted, seenin nuclearreceptorsSynaptic:Presynaptic to postsynaptic,seen in neurotransmitters

Modes for the function of endogenous signals Endocrine Act on a far away organ via blood circulation, seen in most hormones Paracrine Act on a nearby target, seen in GFs, PG, NO Autocrine Act on itself after secreted, seen in GFs, especially in tumor tissues Intricrine Act on itself before secreted, seen in nuclear receptors Synaptic: Presynaptic to postsynaptic, seen in neurotransmitters

Aberrant Signal (SignalExcess)ischemia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseasesextracellular glutamate/aspartic acid tNMDARactivationtCa2+influx t[Ca2+li,activation of enzymes excitatoryintoxication

ischemia, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases extracellular glutamate/aspartic acid NMDAR activation Ca2+ influx [Ca2+]i , activation of enzymes excitatory intoxication Aberrant Signal (Signal Excess)

Aberrant Signal (SignalInsufficiency)Lesions in pancreatic β-cellDecreased insulin productionhyperglycemiaDiabetess (Type I)

Lesions in pancreatic -cell Decreased insulin production hyperglycemia Diabetes (Type I) Aberrant Signal (Signal Insufficiency)