《病理生理学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）Chapter 2 Disorders Of Water And Electrolyte Metabolism（1/3）

What is Pathophysiology?It is related to the rule of origin and evolution of diseaseprocess and the underlying mechanisms.Conspectus of the diseasePandect of Pathophysiologyconcept /etiology/pathogenesis/outcome of the diseaseTypical Pathological process:FundamentalPathologicalan organic process occurringprocessas a consequence of disease.Systemic PathophysiologyThe common outcome forthediseases in a certain system

It is related to the rule of origin and evolution of disease process and the underlying mechanisms. What is Pathophysiology? Pandect of Pathophysiology Fundamental Pathological process Systemic Pathophysiology Conspectus of the disease concept /etiology/pathogenesis/ outcome of the disease Typical Pathological process: an organic process occurring as a consequence of disease. The common outcome for the diseases in a certain system

Disorders of Water andElectrolyte MetabolismPathophysiology Department, Tongji Medical College, HUST

Disorders of Water and Electrolyte Metabolism Pathophysiology Department, Tongji Medical College, HUST

Part I: Normal Metabolism of Waterand SodiumVolume and distribution of body fluidMajor electrolytes and its distributionWater balance and its regulation

Part I: Normal Metabolism of Water and Sodium Volume and distribution of body fluid Major electrolytes and its distribution Water balance and its regulation

Body fluid: the liquid parts of the body-It contains waterand a lot of solutes.-As we have studied, the metabolism of our body is takenplace in body fluid, so the fluid balance is an importantfactorto maintainthenormal metabolism and homeostasisTotal body fluid varies with gender /age / body adipose content.Men:60%ofthebodyweightWomen:50% ofthebodyweightNewborninfant>Adult>Oldperson

Body fluid: the liquid parts of the body —It contains water and a lot of solutes. —As we have studied, the metabolism of our body is taken place in body fluid, so the fluid balance is an important factor to maintain the normal metabolism and homeostasis. Total body fluid varies with gender /age / body adipose content. Men :60% of the body weight Women:50% of the body weight Newborn infant > Adult > Old person

The total body fluid is comprised ofseveral different compartmentsInterstitial 15% Plasma 5%TranscellularfluidICF40%ECF20%

ICF40% ECF20% The total body fluid is comprised of several different compartments. Interstitial 15% Plasma 5% Transcellular fluid

Transcellular fluid-is a small compartment that represents all those bodyfluids which are formed from the transport activities of cells-is contained within epithelial lined spaces.-includes cerebrospinal, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal,intraocular, synovial fluid and of the secretions from thedigestive tract

Transcellular fluid —is a small compartment that represents all those body fluids which are formed from the transport activities of cells. —is contained within epithelial lined spaces. —includes cerebrospinal, pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, intraocular, synovial fluid and of the secretions from the digestive tract

Nonelectrolytes: Proteins, urea, glucose, oxygen,carbon dioxide and organic acid etcSolutesEletrolytes:cation(Nat, Kt, Ca?+, Mg2+)anion(CI,HCO3 ,HPO2-), etc.ProKat,HPO.2Nat,CI

Solutes Nonelectrolytes: Proteins, urea, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide and organic acid etc. Eletrolytes: cation(Na+ , K+ , Ca2+, Mg2+), anion(Cl- ,HCO3 - ,HPO4 2- ), etc. Ka+ ,HPO4 2- Na+ ,Cl￾Pro

Osmosis and Osmotic PressureWhen a semi-permeable membrane (a membrane that allowssolvent molecules to flow through but not the solute particles)separates two solutions of different concentrations, there willbe a net flow of solvent molecules from the solution where itsconcentration is lower to the solutionEqual OsmoticPressurewhere its concentration is higher. Thisphenomenon is called Osmosis anddriving pressure is called as OsmoticpressureDiluteConcentratedSolutionSolution

Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure When a semi-permeable membrane (a membrane that allows solvent molecules to flow through but not the solute particles) separates two solutions of different concentrations, there will be a net flow of solvent molecules from the solution where its concentration is lower to the solution where its concentration is higher. This phenomenon is called Osmosis and driving pressure is called as Osmotic pressure

Osmotic pressure:Crystal osmotic pressure is formed by a lot of smallmolecular weight materials, such as electrolyteGlucose, BUN and so on.Colloid osmotic pressure is formed by large molecularweight materials such as proteinsWhy the colloid pressure isvery low?ProKat,HPO.2What is the effect of colloidNat,CI-osmotic pressure?What is the function ofECF Osmolarity?

Osmotic pressure: Crystal osmotic pressure is formed by a lot of small molecular weight materials, such as electrolyte, Glucose, BUN and so on. Colloid osmotic pressure is formed by large molecular weight materials such as proteins. Ka+ ,HPO4 2- Na+ ,Cl￾Pro Why the colloid pressure is very low? What is the effect of colloid osmotic pressure? What is the function of ECF Osmolarity?

Functions of electrolytes.1. Maintaining the osmotic and acetic-alkaliequilibrium.2. Maintaining the resting membrane potential andgenerating the active membrane potential.3. Taking part in metabolism and physiologic action

Functions of electrolytes: 1. Maintaining the osmotic and acetic-alkali equilibrium. 2. Maintaining the resting membrane potential and generating the active membrane potential. 3. Taking part in metabolism and physiologic action