复旦大学：《系统解剖学》课程教学课件（讲稿）呼吸系统（主讲：张红旗）

Copy Right-Hon English words learning University English into Chinese Chinese into English 1.Isthmus of fauces 1.咽峡 2.Sublingual gland 2.舌下腺 3.Jejunum 3.空肠 4.Pylorus 4.幽门 5.Common hepatic duct 5.肝总管 6.Esophagus 6.食管 Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University English into Chinese 1.Isthmus of fauces 2.Sublingual gland 3.Jejunum 4.Pylorus 5.Common hepatic duct 6.Esophagus Chinese into English 1.咽峡 2.舌下腺 3.空肠 4.幽门 5.肝总管 6.食管 English words learning

Copy Right-Hon English words learning University Into English Into Chinese 1.乳牙 1.Deciduous teeth 2.腮腺 2.Parotid gland 3.降结肠 3.Descending colon 4.胆囊 4.Gallbladder 5.胰 5.Pancreas 6.十二指肠 6.Duodenum Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Into English 1.乳牙 2.腮腺 3.降结肠 4.胆囊 5.胰 6.十二指肠 Into Chinese 1.Deciduous teeth 2.Parotid gland 3.Descending colon 4.Gallbladder 5.Pancreas 6.Duodenum English words learning

Copy Right-Hon English words learning University 2.Esophageal Narrows Physiologically,the esophagus has three straight segments along itsmen;they are separated from each other at the points where esophagus narrows and changes direction.Of these three points,the first is located at its commencement 1 to15 cm away from the incisors;the second is where it is crossed anteriorly by the left principal bronchus-25 cm away from the incisors;and,the third and last is where it transverses the diaphragm-40 cm away from the incisors(Fig.5-12).This fact should be born in mind for clinical purposes,especially for the manipulation of instruments. Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University English words learning

Copy Right-Hor English words learning University Section 4 Stomach The stomach is the most distensible part of the digestive tract.It is between the esophagus and the small intestine and is positioned in the upper left quadrant of the peritoneal cavity im- mediately below the diaphragm.The functions of the stomach are as follows:to act as a holding reservoir for food while it is mechanically churned with gastric secretions;to covert the mass of the food into a liquid mixture,chyme;to move it into the small intestine as well as to initiate the digestion of proteins and triglycerides.The stomach also plays some roles in secretion. Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University English words learning

Copy Right-Hongqi Composition组成 n University Respiratory tract呼吸道 ◆Nose鼻 ◆Pharynx咽 Upper respiratory 鼻咽 鼻腔 tract 口腔 ◆Larynx喉 口咽 喉口 ◆Trachea气管 Lower respiratory 喉腔 喉咽 ◆Bronchi主支气管J tract 气管 食管 Lungs肺 左主支气管 右主支气管 Paired organs 左肺上叶支气管 右肺 左肺下叶支气管 Function ◆Inspiring oxygen 胸壁 左肺 ◆Expiring CO2 壁胸膜 ◆Vocalization:发声，olfaction嗅觉 Assisting veins return to heart 呼吸系概观 Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Respiratory tract 呼吸道 ◆Nose 鼻 ◆Pharynx 咽 ◆Larynx 喉 ◆Trachea气管 ◆Bronchi 主支气管 Lungs 肺 Paired organs Function ◆Inspiring oxygen ◆Expiring CO2 ◆Vocalization发声, olfaction 嗅觉 ◆Assisting veins return to heart Upper respiratory tract Composition 组成 Lower respiratory tract 呼吸系概观

Copy Right-Ho The Nose-鼻 omy-Fudan University Composition组成 ◆External nose外鼻 ◆Nasal cavity鼻腔 ◆Paranasal sinuses鼻旁窦 Function功能 Regulate temperature noisture调节气体温度湿度 ◆Phonation辅助发音 ◆Smell嗅觉 Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University The Nose - 鼻 Composition组成 ◆External nose 外鼻 ◆Nasal cavity 鼻腔 ◆Paranasal sinuses 鼻旁窦 Function 功能 ◆Regulate temperature & moisture 调节气体温度湿度 ◆Phonation 辅助发音 ◆Smell 嗅觉

The external nose External nose: 1.Root of nose 2. Back of nose 3.Apex of nose 3 4.Alae of nasi鼻翼 5.Nostril鼻孔 Nasal cavity communicate with the pharynx behind through the choanae鼻后孔

The external nose External nose: 1. Root of nose 2. Back of nose 3. Apex of nose 4. Alae of nasi 鼻翼 5. Nostril 鼻孔 1 2 3 4 5 Nasal cavity communicate with the pharynx behind through the choanae 鼻后孔

The external nose-base appearance Root Bridge Dorsum nasi 鼻翼 Ala Apex Philtrum 人中 Frontal bone Nasal bone 上颌骨Maxillary bone 鼻中隔软骨Septal cartilage 鼻翼大软骨Major alar cartilage Septal cartilage

The external nose-base & appearance 人中 鼻翼 上颌骨 鼻中隔软骨 鼻翼大软骨

Cop Medial wall of nasal cavity (nasal septum) Bone and cartilages鼻腔内侧壁-骨及软骨 1.Frontal sinus额窦 2.Nasal bone鼻骨 额窦 鸡冠 鼻骨 垂体窝 3.Perpendicular plate of 鞍背 ethmoid筛骨垂直板 4.Septal cartilage鼻中隔软骨 垂直板 蝶实 5.Vomer犁骨 鼻中隔软骨 6.Palatine process of maxilla上颌骨腭突 翼突 7.Sphenoidal Sinus蝶窦 上颌骨 8.Horizontal plate of palatine 腭突 腭骨 水平板 bone腭骨水平板 Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Medial wall of nasal cavity (nasal septum) Bone and cartilages 鼻腔内侧壁-骨及软骨 1. Frontal sinus 额窦 2. Nasal bone 鼻骨 3. Perpendicular plate of ethmoid 筛骨垂直板 4. Septal cartilage 鼻中隔软骨 5. Vomer 犁骨 6. Palatine process of maxilla 上颌骨腭突 7. Sphenoidal Sinus 蝶窦 8. Horizontal plate of palatine bone 腭骨水平板 腭突 水平板

1 1 Copy Right-Ho 鼻中隔左侧面观-矢状切面 versity (粘膜已清除，暴露骨与软骨) 额窦 前交通动脉 视交叉 漏斗 筛骨垂 直板 垂体 筛骨垂直板 蝶窦 蝶窦 鼻中隔 鼻后孔 软骨 鼻中隔软骨 梨状嵴 咽扁桃体 鼻翼大软 犁骨 咽鼓管圆枕 骨内侧脚 咽隐窝 犁骨 硬腭 咽鼓管咽口 Copy Right-Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University

Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University 1 1 鼻后孔 梨状嵴 咽扁桃体 咽鼓管圆枕 咽鼓管咽口 蝶窦 咽隐窝 前交通动脉 视交叉 漏斗 垂体 额窦 筛骨垂 直板 鼻中隔 软骨 鼻翼大软 骨内侧脚 犁骨 鼻中隔左侧面观-矢状切面 （粘膜已清除，暴露骨与软骨） 筛骨垂直板 犁骨 鼻中隔软骨 蝶窦 额窦 硬腭