《经济学基础》课程教学资源（知识拓展）专业词汇

专业词汇汉英部分510A5安全网safetynet按可比口径oncomparablebasis按轻重缓急toprioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hiddenlossB18颁发营业执照tolicense;tograntalicenseto办理存款业务totakedeposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmers'incentive to produce备付金（超额准备金）excessreserves本外币并账consolidation of domesticand foreign currency accounts本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation本位利益localizedinterest；departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosperto striveto become well-to-do避税（请见"逃税"）taxavoidance币种搭配不当currencymismatch币种构成currencycomposition变相社会集资disguised irregular (or illegal)fundraising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheetitems（operation）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes

专业词汇 汉英部分510 Ａ 5 安全网safety net 按可比口径on comparable basis 按轻重缓急to prioritize 暗补 implicit subsidy 暗亏 hidden loss B 18 颁发营业执照to license; to grant a license to 办理存款业务to take deposits 保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers' incentive to produce 备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves 本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currency accounts 本外币对冲操作sterilization operation 本位利益localized interest; departmentalism 奔小康to strive to prosper to strive to become well-to-do 避税（请见"逃税"）tax avoidance 币种搭配不当currency mismatch 币种构成currency composition 变相社会集资 disguised irregular (or illegal) fund raising 表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items (operation) 薄弱环节weaknesses; loopholes

不变成本fixedcost不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms不动产realestate不良贷款（资产）problemloans；non-performingloans(assets)C39财务公司financecompanies财政赤字fiscaldeficit财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank(overmonetarypolicy)财政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationof fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a phasedand sequenced manner操作弹性operationalflexibility操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate产品构成productcomposition;productmix产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory产销衔接marketability产业政策industrialpolicy长期国债treasurybonds散口头寸openposition炒股tospeculate inthestockmarket承购包销underwrite（securities成套机电产品completesetsofequipmentcompleteplant (s)城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives(UcCs)城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks

不变成本fixed cost 不变价at constant price; in real terms 不动产real estate 不良贷款（资产）problem loans; non-performing loans (assets) Ｃ 39 财务公司finance companies 财政赤字fiscal deficit 财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank (over monetary policy) 财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作弹性operational flexibility 操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate 产品构成product composition; product mix 产品积压stock pile; excessive inventory 产销衔接marketability 产业政策industrial policy 长期国债treasury bonds 敞口头寸open position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承购包销underwrite (securities) 成套机电产品complete sets of equipment complete plant (s) 城市信用社urban credit cooperatives (UCCs) 城市合作银行urban cooperative banks

Municipalunitedbanks城市商业银行municipalcommercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome持续升温persistentoverheating重复布点duplicateprojects重置成本replacementcost重组计划restructuringplan筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初见成效initialsuccess出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports出口退税exporttaxrebate储蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits储源萎缩decline intheavailabilityofhousehold savings传导机制transmissionmechanism从价税advaloremtax从紧控制tightcontrol存贷款比例loan/depositratio存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem存款货币银行depositmoneybanks存款准备金requiredreservesD31打白条issuelou大额存单certificateofdeposit（CD）

Municipal united banks 城市商业银行municipal commercial banks 城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income 持续升温persistent overheating 重复布点duplicate projects 重置成本replacement cost 重组计划restructuring plan 筹资渠道funding sources; financing channels 初见成效initial success 出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports 出口退税export tax rebate 储蓄存款household deposits (不完全等同于西方的savings deposits, 前者包括活期存款，后 者不包括。) 储蓄分流diversion of household deposits 储源萎缩 decline in the availability of household savings 传导机制transmission mechanism 从价税ad valorem tax 从紧控制tight control 存贷款比例loan/deposit ratio 存款保险体系deposit insurance system 存款货币银行deposit money banks 存款准备金required reserves Ｄ 31 打白条issue IOU 大额存单certificate of deposit (CD)

大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline大一统的银行体制all-in-one)mono-banksystem呆账（请见"坏账"）badloans呆账准备金loanlossreserves（provisions）呆滞贷款idleloans贷款沉淀non-performingloans贷款分类loanclassification贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling贷款约束机制credit disciplinary(constraint)mechanism代理国库toactasfiscalagent代理金融机构贷款make loans on behalf of other institutions戴帽贷款ear-marked loans倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition道德风险moralhazard地区差别regionaldisparity第一产业theprimaryindustry第二产业thesecondaryindustry第三产业theservice industry;the tertiaryindustry递延资产deferrableassets订货不足insufficientorders定期存款timedeposits定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources东道国（请见"母国"）hostcountry独立核算independentaccounting

大额提现withdraw deposits in large amounts 大面积滑坡wide-spread decline 大一统的银行体制(all-in-one) mono-bank system 呆账（请见"坏账"）bad loans 呆账准备金loan loss reserves (provisions) 呆滞贷款idle loans 贷款沉淀non-performing loans 贷款分类loan classification 贷款限额管理credit control; to impose credit ceiling 贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary (constraint) mechanism 代理国库to act as fiscal agent 代理金融机构贷款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽贷款ear-marked loans 倒逼机制reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition 道德风险moral hazard 地区差别regional disparity 第一产业the primary industry 第二产业the secondary industry 第三产业the service industry; the tertiary industry 递延资产deferrable assets 订货不足insufficient orders 定期存款time deposits 定向募集raising funds from targeted sources 东道国（请见"母国"）host country 独立核算independent accounting

短期国债treasurybills对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector多种所有制形式diversifiedownershipE2恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondarymarketF22发行货币toissuecurrency发行总股本totalstockissue法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股东institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地产投资realestateinvestment放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring)非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxestax assignment system分业经营segregation offinancial business(services); division of business scope based on thetype offinancial institutions风险暴露（风险口）riskexposure风险管理riskmanagement风险意识riskawareness

短期国债treasury bills 对冲操作sterilization operation; hedging 对非金融部门债权claims on non-financial sector 多种所有制形式diversified ownership Ｅ 2 恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation 二级市场secondary market Ｆ 22 发行货币to issue currency 发行总股本total stock issue 法定准备金required reserves; reserve requirement 法人股institutional shares 法人股东institutional shareholders 法治 rule of law 房地产投资real estate investment 放松银根to ease monetary policy 非现场稽核off-site surveillance (or monitoring) 非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions 非赢利性机构non-profit organizations 分税制assignment of central and local taxes tax assignment system 分业经营 segregation of financial business (services); division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions 风险暴露（风险敞口）risk exposure 风险管理risk management 风险意识risk awareness

风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges扶贫povertyalleviation负增长negativegrowth复式预算制double-entrybudgetingcapital and current budgetary accountG39改革试点reformexperimentation杠杆率leverageratio杠杆收购leveragedbuyout高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest个人股non-institutionalshares根本扭转fundamentalturnaround(orreversal)公开市场操作openmarketoperations公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts公用事业publicutilities公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector公有制publicownership工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio工业增加值industrialvalueadded供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企业joint-equityenterprises股份制银行joint-equitybanks固定资产贷款fixedassetloans

风险资本比例risk-weighted capital ratios 风险资本标准risk-based capital standard 服务事业收入public service charges; user's charges 扶贫 poverty alleviation 负增长negative growth 复式预算制double-entry budgeting capital and current budgetary account Ｇ 39 改革试点reform experimentation 杠杆率leverage ratio 杠杆收购leveraged buyout 高息集资to raise funds by offering high interest 个人股non-institutional shares 根本扭转fundamental turnaround (or reversal) 公开市场操作open market operations 公款私存deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事业public utilities 公有经济the state-owned sector; the public sector 公有制public ownership 工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio 工业增加值industrial value added 供大于求supply exceeding demand; excessive supply 鼓励措施incentives 股份合作企业joint-equity cooperative enterprises 股份制企业joint-equity enterprises 股份制银行joint-equity banks 固定资产贷款fixed asset loans

关税减免tariffreductionandexemption关税减让tariffconcessions关税优惠tariffincentives；preferentialtarifftreatment规范行为toregularize（orstandardize)...behavior规模效益economiesofscale国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaysto individuals国家风险countryrisk国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor国际收支balanceofpayments国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks国有经济（部门）thestate-owned(orpublic)sector国有企业state-ownedenterprises(SOEs国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosionofstateassets国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase国债一级自营商primary underwriters of governmentsecurities过度竞争excessivecompetition过度膨胀excessiveexpansion过热迹象signsofoverheatingH19合理预期rationalexpectation核心资本corecapital合资企业joint-ventureenterprises

关税减免tariff reduction and exemption 关税减让tariff concessions 关税优惠tariff incentives; preferential tariff treatment 规范行为to regularize (or standardize).behavior 规模效益economies of scale 国计民生national interest and people's livelihood 国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals 国家风险country risk 国际分工international division of labor 国际收支balance of payments 国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks 国有经济（部门）the state-owned (or public) sector 国有企业state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 国有制state-ownership 国有资产流失erosion of state assets 国债回购government securities repurchase 国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争excessive competition 过度膨胀excessive expansion 过热迹象signs of overheating Ｈ 19 合理预期rational expectation 核心资本core capital 合资企业joint-venture enterprises

红利dividend宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives(ortargets）坏账baddebt还本付息debtservice换汇成本unitexportcostlocal currencycostof export earnings汇兑在途fundsinfloat汇兑支出advancepaymentof remittancebythebeneficiary'sbank汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates活期存款demanddeposits汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment混合所有制diversified(mixed)ownership货币政策态势monetarypolicystance货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliersJ52基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure基本经济要素economicfundamentals基本适度broadlyappropriate基准利率benchmarkinterestrate机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions机会成本opportunitycost激励机制incentivemechanism

红利 dividend 宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance 宏观经济基本状况macroeconomic fundamentals 宏观调控macroeconomic management (or adjustment) 宏观调控目标macroeconomic objectives (or targets) 坏账 bad debt 还本付息debt service 换汇成本unit export cost local currency cost of export earnings 汇兑在途funds in float 汇兑支出advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank 汇率并轨unification of exchange rates 活期存款demand deposits 汇率失调exchange rate misalignment 混合所有制diversified (mixed) ownership 货币政策态势monetary policy stance 货款拖欠overdue obligations to suppliers Ｊ 52 基本建设投资investment in infrastructure 基本经济要素economic fundamentals 基本适度broadly appropriate 基准利率benchmark interest rate 机关团体存款deposits of non-profit institutions 机会成本opportunity cost 激励机制incentive mechanism

积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory挤提存款runonbanks挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof(financial) resources(fromdesignated uses)技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct计划单列市municipalities with independent planningstatus计划经济plannedeconomy集体经济thecollectivesector加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment加工贸易processingtrade加快态势acceleratingtrend加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration加权价weightedaverageprice价格放开priceliberalization价格形成机制pricingmechanism减亏toreducelosses简化手续tocutredtapeto simplify (streamline)procedures交投活跃brisktrading缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves结构扭曲structuraldistortion结构失调structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance结构优化structuralimprovement(optimization）结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange金融脆弱financial fragility

积压严重heavy stockpile; excessive inventory 挤提存款run on banks 挤占挪用unwarranted diversion of (financial) resources(from designated uses) 技改投资investment in technological upgrading 技术密集型产品technology-intensive product 计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status 计划经济planned economy 集体经济the collective sector 加大结构调整力度to intensify structural adjustment 加工贸易processing trade 加快态势accelerating trend 加强税收征管稽查to enhance tax administration 加权价weighted average price 价格放开price liberalization 价格形成机制pricing mechanism 减亏 to reduce losses 简化手续to cut red tape to simplify (streamline) procedures 交投活跃brisk trading 缴存准备金to deposit required reserves 结构扭曲structural distortion 结构失调structural imbalance 结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance 结构优化structural improvement (optimization) 结汇、售汇sale and purchase of foreign exchange 金融脆弱financial fragility

金融动荡financialturbulence金融风波financialdisturbance金融恐慌financial panic金融危机financial crisis金融压抑financialrepression金融衍生物financialderivatives金融诈骗financial fraud紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility经济特区specialeconomiczones(SEZs)经济体制改革economicreform经济增长方式的转变change in the main source ofeconomic growth (from investmentexpansion to efficiency gains)经济增长减速economicslowdownmoderation in economicgrowth经济制裁economicsanction经营自主权autonomyinmanagement景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity境外投资overseasinvestment竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition局部性金融风波localized(isolated)financialdisturbanceK10开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness可维持（可持续）经济增长

金融动荡financial turbulence 金融风波financial disturbance 金融恐慌financial panic 金融危机financial crisis 金融压抑financial repression 金融衍生物financial derivatives 金融诈骗financial fraud 紧缩银根to tighten monetary policy 紧缩政策austerity policies; tight financial policies 经常账户可兑换current account convertibility 经济特区special economic zones (SEZs) 经济体制改革economic reform 经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to efficiency gains) 经济增长减速economic slowdown moderation in economic growth 经济制裁economic sanction 经营自主权autonomy in management 景气回升recovery in business activity 境外投资overseas investment 竞争加剧intensifying competition 局部性金融风波 localized (isolated) financial disturbance Ｋ 10 开办人民币业务to engage in RMB business 可维持（可持续）经济增长