《大学英语读写》课程教学资源（A）Ⅱ_四级资源_匹配题_阅读信息匹配

对于段落信息匹配题，建议按照以下方法练习：第一：先题后文.先看题再看文章能够将更多简单的题先做出来，当你发现简单题全部处理完毕之后，剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中再去找那些已经被挑剩下的段落。所以不管怎么样一定是先题后文，稍后再文题同步或先文后题。第二：关键词定位（keywordspositioning）和同义替换（paraphrasing）。其实阅读只考两件事，一件事情是简单的：看到什么，定位什么，选择什么：而另外一个则是通过定位确定这个位置，然后再进行一个切换之后发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。今年四六级组委会发布的样题中，关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的：Youhavetoidentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived“你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落的”。换一个表达方式叫做whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation（哪一段包含了以下的信息）。接下来我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位（keywordspositioning）和同义替换（paraphrasing）在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。1、关键词定位（keywordspositioning）Sincethemid-1970s,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedatanannualrateof3.9percent.像这道题就属于比较简单的题目。这道题是来自于四级样卷的Q47，当这道题出现的时候，同学们应该关注的是划线的两个数据，而20世纪70年代中期这个数据其实它的意义绝对没有3.9%大，因为前方是一个时间段，有可能经常出现，而后方是一个具体数值，具体数值的高频可能性不大，因为对于很多人来说他们都明白越高频的单词或短语的形式越不能成为我们的核心钩划点，3.9%一旦出现就让我们在全文当中展开3.9%的寻找之旅吧！Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad hasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent，from800，000in1975to2.5millionin2004.这时我们会发现顺序再读的时候四级样卷的C段出现了一个3.9%，这样一个点一旦出现，这一道四级简单的匹配题就结束了。2、同义替换（paraphrasing）接下来，我们再来看另外一个匹配的情况，现在是一个稍难的版本，来自于六级样卷第52道题。Aseries of books,mostly authored byAmericans,warned....这句话的含义是一个系列的书籍都是由美国作者来完成的，警告说.Asuccessionofbooks，mainlybyAmericans...soundedthealarm这是原文的B段开头，跟它几乎是一模一样，但是很明显六级和四级相比，它的难度就有一点大了。首先，可别看错，在原文中出现一个单词叫succession，它意思是一个序列的，或者是一个系列的一拨儿的，千万不要看成了成功，整句翻译为一个序列的书主要是由美国人来做。大家仔细看一下mainly换成了mostly，而warned，警告，被换成了soundedthealarm，“拉响警笛”或“拉响警报”。由此我们发现，同义替换对于解题是非常重要的。从这道题中给大家一个提醒：在平时一定要多做同义替换的积累，比如moreandmorepeople我们就认为这不是一个好的表达，我们可以把他升级为anincreasingnumberofpeople.这个版本就要比moreandmorepeople好一些，平时多注意同义词替换方面的积累，能帮助你的阅读，也能帮助你的写作四级样题Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than onceEach paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter

对于段落信息匹配题，建议按照以下方法练习： 第一：先题后文.先看题再看文章能够将更多简单的题先做出来，当你发现简单题全部处理 完毕之后，剩下的难题可以再重新回到文章当中再去找那些已经被挑剩下的段落。所以不管 怎么样一定是先题后文，稍后再文题同步或先文后题。 第二：关键词定位（key words positioning）和同义替换（paraphrasing）。 其实阅读只考两件事，一件事情是简单的：看到什么，定位什么，选择什么；而另外一个则 是通过定位确定这个位置，然后再进行一个切换之后发现原来这个东西就是另外一个东西。 今年四六级组委会发布的样题中，关于段落信息匹配题是这样表述的：You have to identify the paragraph from which the information is derived“你需要去确认信息是来自于哪一个段落 的”。换一个表达方式叫做 which paragraph contains the following information（哪一段包含了 以下的信息）。接下来我们用样题来分析一下关键词定位（key words positioning） 和同义替 换（paraphrasing）在段落信息匹配题中如何实践。 1、关键词定位（key words positioning） Since the mid-1970s， the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.像这道题就属于比较简单的题目。这道题是来自于四级样卷的 Q47，当这道题出现 的时候，同学们应该关注的是划线的两个数据，而 20 世纪 70 年代中期这个数据其实它的意 义绝对没有 3.9%大，因为前方是一个时间段，有可能经常出现，而后方是一个具体数值， 具体数值的高频可能性不大，因为对于很多人来说他们都明白越高频的单词或短语的形式越 不能成为我们的核心钩划点，3.9%一旦出现就让我们在全文当中展开 3.9%的寻找之旅吧！ Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent， from 800，000 in 1975 to 2.5million in 2004.这时我们 会发现顺序再读的时候四级样卷的 C 段出现了一个 3.9%，这样一个点一旦出现，这一道四 级简单的匹配题就结束了。 2、同义替换（paraphrasing） 接下来，我们再来看另外一个匹配的情况，现在是一个稍难的版本，来自于六级样卷第 52 道题。 A series of books， mostly authored by Americans， warned. 这句话的含义是一个系列的书籍都是由美国作者来完成的，警告说. A succession of books， mainly by Americans. sounded the alarm 这是原文的 B 段开头， 跟它几乎是一模一样，但是很明显六级和四级相比，它的难度就有一点大了。首先，可别看 错，在原文中出现一个单词叫 succession，它意思是一个序列的，或者是一个系列的一拨儿 的，千万不要看成了成功，整句翻译为一个序列的书主要是由美国人来做。大家仔细看一下 mainly 换成了 mostly，而 warned，警告，被换成了 sounded the alarm，“拉响警笛”或“拉 响警报”。由此我们发现，同义替换对于解题是非常重要的。 从这道题中给大家一个提醒：在平时一定要多做同义替换的积累，比如 more and more people 我们就认为这不是一个好的表达，我们可以把他升级为 an increasing number of people.这个 版本就要比 more and more people 好一些，平时多注意同义词替换方面的积累，能帮助你的 阅读，也能帮助你的写作 四级样题 Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter

onAnswer Sheet2.Universities BranchOut[A]Asnever before intheir long history,universities havebecome instruments of nationalcompetition as well as instruments of peace.Theyaretheplace of the scientific discoveriesthatmoveeconomies forward, and theprimarymeansof educatingthetalentrequired toobtainandmaintain competitive advantage.But at the sametime,theopening ofnational borders to theflowof goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force forglobal integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.[B] In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities havebecome more self-consciouslyglobal:seeking students from around the world who represent theentirerange of cultures and values, sendingtheir own students abroadto preparethemfor globalcareers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world andcollaborative（合作的)researchprograms to advance science for thebenefitofall humanity.[C] Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement acrossborders. Overthe past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to studyabroad has grown at an annual rateof 3.9percent,from800,000 in1975to2.5million in 2004Most travel from one developed nationto another, but the flowfrom developingto developedcountries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on therise, too.Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the UnitedStates and 38percent of those intheUnitedKingdomAndthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America's bestinstitutions and 10percent of allundergraduates in theU.K.In theUnited States,20percentof thenewly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newlyhiredfacultymembers atthetopresearchuniversities received theirgraduateeducationabroad[D J Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years inanother country.InEurope,morethan140,000 studentsparticipate in theErasmus program eachyear,taking courses for credit in oneof22o0 participating institutions across the continent Andin theUnited States, institutions are helpingplace students in summer internships（实习)abroad toprepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduateat least one international study orinternshipopportunity-and providingthefinancial resources tomake itpossible.[E] Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involvessourcing portions of a research program to another country.Yale professor and Howard HughesMedical Institute investigator Tian Xu directsamy14research centerfocused on thegenetics ofhuman disease at Shanghai's Fudan University,in collaboration with faculty colleagues from bothschools.The Shanghai center has 95employees and graduate students working in a4,3o0-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty,postdoctors and graduate students visitregularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses.Thearrangement benefits both countries,Xu'sYalelab is moreproductive,thankstothelower costs ofconducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty geton-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S.team.[F] As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world inthe commercialization ofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframe computer andintegratedcircuitof the196OstotheInternetinfrastructure（基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe

on Answer Sheet 2. Universities Branch Out [A] As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. [B] In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的)research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. [C] Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad. [D ] Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (实习)abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible. [E] Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a my 14research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team. [F ] As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施)and applications software of the

1990s.The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect butsometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshave encouraged copyingof thismodel,perhapsmost successfullyinCambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.[G] For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining theresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticians recognizethelinkbetween investment in science andnational economic strength,but supportfor research funding has been unsteady.Thebudget of theNational Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003,but has risen more slowly thaninflations sincethen. Support forthe physical sciences and engineeringbarelykept pace withinflation duringthat sameperiodTheattempttomakeup lostground iswelcome,butthenationwould be better served by steady,predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-termGDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.[H American politicians havegreat difficulty recognizingthat admitting more foreignstudents can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understandingAdjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study iswell below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 1l, changes in the visa processcaused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities,anda corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singaporeand theU.K.ObjectionsfromAmerican universityand business leaders led to improvements intheprocess andareversal of thedecline,but theUnited States isstill seenbymanyasunwelcomingto international students[I] Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation's well-being throughtheir scientific research, but manyfear thatforeign students threaten American competitivenessbytaking their knowledge and skills back home.They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign studentsto the United States has two important positive effects:first the very best of them stay in theStates and-like immigrants throughout history-strengthen the nation, and second, foreignstudents who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstand thembetter.InAmerica aselsewhere,few instruments offoreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability aswelcoming international university students.46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving themchances for international study or internship.47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rateof3.9percent.48.The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America ratherthanthreatenits competitiveness.49.The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.50.Of thenewlyhired professors in science and engineering inthe United States,twentypercent comefromforeigncountries.?51.The number of foreign students applying to U.S.universities decreased sharply afterSeptember 11 due to changes in the visa process.52. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science

1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. [G] For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflations since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year. [H ] American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. [I ] Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍 视)values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students. 46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship. 47. Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent. 48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness. 49. The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization. 50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.? 51. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process. 52. The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years. 53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science

andindustrial application54.Present-day universities have become a powerful forcefor global integration55. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to theirhome countries46.[D]。题干意为，美国大学通过向学生提供出国学习或实习的机会为大学生准备全球性的职业发展契机。注意抓住题干中的关键词American universities、global careers和chancesforinternational studyorinternship。文章段落中，论及美国大学为学生提供出国学习或实习机会的内容出现在[D]段，该段第三句提到，在美国，各大学正在帮助安排学生暑期到国外实习以帮助他们为全球性职业发展做好准备。该段第四句又进一步列举了耶鲁大学和哈佛大学为学生提供国际学习和实习机会的实例，目的都在于说明美国大学为帮助学生准备全球性职业发展而付出的努力。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。47.[C]。题干意为，自20世纪70年代中期以来，留学生的入学人数每年以3.9%的年增长率增长。注意抓住题干中的关键词Sincethemid-197Os、theenrollmentof overseasstudents和atanannualrateof3.9percent。文章段落中，论及20世纪70年代中期留学生入学人数增长情况的内容出现在[C]段，该段第二句提到，在过去的三十年中，每年离家到国外学习的学生人数以3.9%的年增长率增加，总人数由1975年的80万上升到2004年的250万。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。48.[]。题干意为，国际学生的招收将对美国产生积极的影响，而不是威胁到美国的竞争力。注意抓住题干中的关键词The enrollmentofinternational students、positiveimpact和threaten its competitiveness。文章段落中，论及招收留学生对美国的影响的内容出现在[1]段，该段第二句提到，他们没能理解欢迎外国学生到美国读书有两个积极的影响：首先，这些留学生中最优秀的人留了下来，就像历史上的移民一样增强了美国的实力：其次，在美国学习的外国学生回国时成了许许多多在美国最受珍视的价值观的传播者。由此可知，题干是原文的同义转述，故答案为[]。49.[E]。题干意为，大学研究工作开展的方式因全球化的原因发生了改变。注意抓住题干中的关键词research和globalization。文章段落中，论及大学研究工作开展方式发生变化的内容出现在[E]段，该段首句提到，全球化也在使研究工作的开展方式发生改变，接着列举了耶鲁大学、霍华德？休斯医学研究所与中国复旦大学的合作研究的例子加以说明。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[E]。50.[C]。题干意为，在美国，被新聘用的科学和工程学方面的教授中，20%的人来自外国。注意抓住题干中的关键词newlyhired professors in science and engineering和twentypercent come fromforeigncountries。文章段落中，论及美国新聘用教授中外国人占比的内容出现在[C]段，该段末句提到，在美国，被新聘用的科学及工程学方面的教授中，20%是外国人。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。51.[H]。题干意为，在9.11事件之后由于签证过程发生变化，申请到美国大学学习的外国学生人数急剧下降。注意抓住题干中的关键词foreignstudentsapplyingtoU.Suniversities、September11和changesinthevisa process。文章段落中，论及9.11事件之后到美国求学的学生人数变化的内容出现在H段，该段第三句提到，受9.11事件的影响，签证过程发生的变化促使申请到美国大学学习的学生数量急剧下降。由此可知，题于是对原文的同义改写，故答案为[H]。题干中的decreasedsharply和原文中的adramaticdecline对应题干中的dueto与原文中的caused对应。52.[G]。题干意为，多年来美国联邦对研究工作的资助一直处于不稳定状态。注意抓住

and industrial application. 54. Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration. 55. When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries. 46. [D]。题干意为，美国大学通过向学生提供出国学习或实习的机会为大学生准备全球 性的职业发展契机。 注意抓住题干中的关键词 American universities、global careers 和 chances for international study or internship。 文章段落中，论及美国大学为学生提供出国学 习或实习机会的内容出现在[D]段，该段第三句提到，在美 国，各大学正在帮助安排学生暑 期到国外实习以帮助他们为全球性职业发展做好准备。该段第四句又进一 步列举了耶鲁大 学和哈佛大学为学生提供国际学习和实习机会的实例，目的都在于说明美国大学为帮助 学 生准备全球性职业发展而付出的努力。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。 47. [C]。题干意为，自 20 世纪 70 年代中期以来，留学生的入学人数每年以 3.9%的年 增长率增长。注意抓住题 干中的关键词 Since the mid-1970s、the enrollment of overseas students 和 at an annual rate of 3.9 percent。文章 段落中，论及 20 世纪 70 年代中期留学生入 学人数增长情况的内容出现在[C]段，该段第二句提到，在过去 的三十年中，每年离家到国 外学习的学生人数以 3.9%的年增长率增加，总人数由 1975 年的 80 万上升到 2004 年的 250 万。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。 48. [I]。题干意为，国际学生的招收将对美国产生积极的影响，而不是威胁到美国的竞 争力。注意抓住题干中 的关键词 The enrollment of international students、positive impact 和 threaten its competitiveness。文章段落中， 论及招收留学生对美国的影响的内容出现在[I]段， 该段第二句提到，他们没能理解欢迎外国学生到美国 读书有两个积极的影响：首先，这些 留学生中最优秀的人留了下来，就像历史上的移民一样增强了美国的 实力;其次，在美国学 习的外国学生回国时成了许许多多在美国最受珍视的价值观的传播者。由此可知， 题干是 原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。 49. [E]。题干意为，大学研究工作开展的方式因全球化的原因发生了改变。注意抓住题 干中的关键词 research 和 globalization。文章段落中，论及大学研究工作开展方式发生变化 的内容出现在[E]段，该段首句提到， 全球化也在使研究工作的开展方式发生改变，接着列 举了耶鲁大学、霍华德?休斯医学研究所与中国复旦 大学的合作研究的例子加以说明。由此 可见，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[E]。 50. [C]。题干意为，在美国，被新聘用的科学和工程学方面的教授中，20%的人来自外 国。注意抓住题干中的 关键词 newly hired professors in science and engineering 和 twenty percent come from foreign countries。文章段 落中，论及美国新聘用教授中外国人占比的内容出现在[C]段，该段末句提到，在美国， 被新聘用的科学 及工程学方面的教授中，20%是外国人。由此可见，题干是对原文的同义 转述，故答案为[C]。 51. [H]。题干意为，在 9.11 事件之后由于签证过程发生变化，申请到美国大学学习的 外国学生人数急剧下降。 注意抓住题干中的关键词 foreign students applying to U.S. universities、September 11 和 changes in the visa process。文章段落中，论及 9.11 事件之后到 美国求学的学生人数变化的内容出现在[H]段，该段第三句提 到，受 9.11 事件的影响，签 证过程发生的变化促使申请到美国大学学习的学生数量急剧下降。由此可知， 题干是对原 文的同义改写，故答案为[H]。题干中的 decreased sharply 和原文中的 a dramatic decline 对应; 题干中的 due to 与原文中的 caused 对应。 52. [G]。题干意为，多年来美国联邦对研究工作的资助一直处于不稳定状态。注意抓住

题干中的关键词federalfunding、research和unsteady。文章段落中，论及美国联邦政府对研究工作的资助的内容出现在[G]段，该段第二句提到，大多数政治家认识到了对科学的投资和国家经济实力之间的联系，但是对于研究基金的支持一直不稳定。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。53.[F]。题干意为，世界各国政府鼓励将高校主导的科学研究同工业应用联系起来的模式。注意抓住题干中的关键词governments、encourage和themodeloflinkinguniversity-basedscienceand industrialapplication。文章段落中，论及世界各国政府鼓励科学研究发展模式的内容出现在F段，该段中间提到高校主导的科学研究同工业应用之间的联系往往不是直截了当的但却清晰可见，该段末句总结道，世界各国政府都鼓励模仿这种发展模式。由此可知，题干是对原文的总结概括，故答案为[F]。54.[A]。题干意为，当今的大学已经成为全球一体化的一种强大动力。注意抓住题干中的关键词Present-dayuniversities、powerfulforce和globalintegration。文章段落中，论及当今大学与全球一体化的关系的内容出现在[A]段，该段末句提到，人们已经使大学成为全球一体化、相互理解及地理政治稳定性的强大动力。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[A]。55.[]。题干意为，当留学生离开美国时，他们会把美国的价值观带回自己的国家。注意抓住题干中的关键词leaveAmerica 和bringAmericanvaluesbacktotheirhomecountries。文章段落中，论及留学生离开美国对传播美国价值观的作用的内容出现在段，该段第二句提到美国留学生对美国的两个积极作用，第一个作用是留学生中的精英人士留在美国，增强了美国的实力，第二个作用是在美国学习的外国学生回国时成了许许多多在美国最受珍视的价值观的传播者。由此可知，题干是原文的同义转述，故答案为[1]。模拟题Passage 1.Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared[AJLast July,JulieBaldocchi'smother had amassive strokeand wasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for."I was flyingby the seat of my pants," says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of herparents are 83, and she knew her father couldn't handle her mother's care.The hospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn'twillingtodothat.Butmovingherback intoherparentshomecreated otherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarried andlives about a mile away from her parents. She has afull-time job and has back problems that makeit difficult for her tolifther mother.“I couldn'tdo it all,she says.“But I didn't evenknowhowtofindhelp."[B] With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver.“But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact,"Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds asstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelp with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.An additional 61.6 millionprovided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.[C] While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's the most basic and important stepthey can take.The directive includes several parts, including:a durable power of attorney, whichgives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another's behalf a health care proxywhich is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding

题干中的关键词 federal funding、research 和 unsteady。文章段落中，论及美国联邦政府对研 究工作的资助的内容出现在[G] 段，该段第二句提到，大多数政治家认识到了对科学的投资和国家经济实力之间的联系， 但是对于研究基 金的支持一直不稳定。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。 53. [F]。题干意为，世界各国政府鼓励将高校主导的科学研究同工业应用联系起来的模 式。注意抓住题干中 的关键词 governments、encourage和the model of linking university-based science and industrial application。文 章段落中，论及世界各国政府鼓励科学研究发展模式的 内容出现在[F]段，该段中间提到高校主导的科学 研究同工业应用之间的联系往往不是直截 了当的但却清晰可见，该段末句总结道，世界各国政府都鼓励 模仿这种发展模式。由此可 知，题干是对原文的总结概括，故答案为[F]。 54. [A]。题干意为，当今的大学已经成为全球一体化的一种强大动力。注意抓住题干中 的关键词 Present-day universities、powerful force 和 global integration。文章段落中，论及当 今大学与全球一体化的关系的内容出现 在[A]段，该段末句提到，人们已经使大学成为全球 一体化、相互理解及地理政治稳定性的强大动力。由 此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述， 故答案为[A]。 55. [I]。题干意为，当留学生离开美国时，他们会把美国的价值观带回自己的国家。注 意抓住题干中的关键词 leave America 和 bring American values back to their home countries。 文章段落中，论及留学生离开美国对传 播美国价值观的作用的内容出现在[I]段，该段第二 句提到美国留学生对美国的两个积极作用，第一个作 用是留学生中的精英人士留在美国， 增强了美国的实力，第二个作用是在美国学习的外国学生回国时成 了许许多多在美国最受 珍视的价值观的传播者。由此可知，题干是原文的同义转述，故答案为[I]。 模拟题 Passage 1. Caring for elderly parents catches many unprepared [A ] Last July, Julie Baldocchi’s mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had to become a family caregiver, something that she wasn’t prepared for. “I was flying by the seat of my pants,” says Baldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her father couldn’t handle her mother’s care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchi wasn’t willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents’ home created other problems. Baldocchi, 48, is married and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems that make it difficult for her to lift her mother. “I couldn’t do it all,” she says. “But I didn’t even know how to find help.” [B] With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. “But even if you plan intellectually and legally, you’re never ready for the emotional impact,” Baldocchi says. In the first two months after her mother’s stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP. An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared. [C] While many parents lack an advance care directive, it’s the most basic and important step they can take. The directive includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority to make financial decisions on another’s behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney, except it allows someone to make decisions regarding

medical treatment, and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care.(For exampleparents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.)“It's invaluable for the kids,because it'shard tomake those decisionsfor a parent,says Jennifer Cona,an elder-lawattorneyat GenserDubowGenser&ConainMelvilleN.YAn advance caredirectiveis thefirst lineofdefense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly,executive director of theFamily CaregiverAlliance,which supportsand educates caregivers.Withoutan advancedirective,thefamilywillhave to petition the court to be appointed the parent'slegal guardian, says AgingCare.com.[D] It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know theirparents, preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it'snot an easy conversation.Elderlyparents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financialmotives, says Susan John a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One clientasked John tohold a familymeeting because they needed an intermediaryto talk about financialissues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ringcircus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y.Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys,financial planners,geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups.In February,AARP saidit will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firmGenworth.[E] Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out thatMedicare doesn't pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a privateroomatanursinghomein201lwas$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.And onlythosewhohavespent most of their assets can qualifyfor Medicaid topayfor the nursinghome.[ F] Assisted living is another option, Residents can have their own apartment to maintainsome independence.But thefacilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals,housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, it's not cheap:The national median cost in 2011was $39,135,according to Genworth.Assisted living isn'tcovered byMedicaid.[GjIf theyhave a choice, at least 90%of elderlyparents prefer to stay at homeas longasthey can, according to AARPresearch. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it canbe hard for children to movethem into an adult carefacility.Theremay be another optionSometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there.For example, Baldocchi put in achair lift for her mother. Shealso arranged for a home caregiver.[H] Family caregivers take over many responsibilities.One might manage a parent's finances,while another sibling willtake theparent todoctors'appointments and shopping.Those who movein with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into hermother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to getaround as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has nochildren."I alwaysknewthat this was the rolethat I would have, and I guess mymind wasprepared for it,”says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorialinstructor for a digital scrapbooking website.“When you get into the trenches, it's literallybaptism by fire,"she says.“Newthings come up.It's not just about advanceplanning for financesormedical care. It's everything,"she says.[I ] Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiverburnout,"Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife.“It's a hard job,"Walker

medical treatment; and a living will that outlines instructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificial measures.) “It’s invaluable for the kids, because it’s hard to make those decisions for a parent,” says Jennifer Cona, an elder- law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive is the first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family Caregiver Alliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian, says AgingCare.com. [D] It’s important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents，preferences, wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But it’s not an easy conversation. Elderly parents are sometimes suspicious of their children’s financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner at Financial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed an intermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisions can become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attorney in Glen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-law attorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said it will offer its members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Genworth. [E] Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn’t pay for long-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was $77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaid to pay for the nursing home. [ F] Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. But the facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance with activities. Still, it’s not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assisted living isn’t covered by Medicaid. [G ] If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according to AARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move them into an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent can stay there. For example, Baldocchi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver. [H] Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent’s finances, while another sibling will take the parent to doctors’ appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on a significant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother’s home in Leesburg, Fla. After her mother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn’t able to get around as well. Walker, 55, has three brothers. But she is the only daughter, is divorced and has no children. “I always knew that this was the role that I would have, and I guess my mind was prepared for it,” says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home as a tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. “When you get into the trenches, it’s literally baptism by fire,” she says. “New things come up. It’s not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It’s everything,” she says. [I ] Caregivers need to also watch their own health. “There is such a thing as caregiver burnout, ” Cona says. Among female caregivers 50 and older, 20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study on working caregivers by MetLife. “It’s a hard job,” Walker

says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helpinghand. It's only natural that I be here for her now.46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their homeinstead of sending them to an adult care facility.47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious oftheir children'sfinancial motives.48.Besides advanceplanningforfinancesormedical care,family caregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.49.Thedifferencebetweena durablepowerof attorneyandahealth careproxy is that thelatterallows someonetomakedecisionsregardingmedical treatment.50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficultytaking care of her.51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 200952. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many peoplethey can call on.53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or becomedepressed.54. One will have to petition the court to be the parent's legal guardian, if there is no advancedirective.55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered byMedicaid.Section B46.[G]。题干意为，当上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的家，而不是将他们送到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的关键词liveathomesafely和adultcarefacility。文章段落中，[G]段提到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成人看护中心的内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父母住在家里不再安全，对于孩子来说将他们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择一一可以改变他们的家以适合他们在那里度过晚年。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。47.[D]。题干意为，谈论长期护理问题并不容易，因为有时老年人会怀疑自已孩子有金钱方面的动机。注意抓住题干中的关键词talkaboutlong-termcare、suspiciousof和financialmotives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己孩子的内容，该段前三句指出，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要的，这样才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等，但是这并不容易，有时候父母会怀疑子女有金钱方面的动机。由此可知，题于是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。48.[H]。题干意为，除了提前进行资金和医疗方面的规划，家庭护理人员还有其他许多责任。注意抓住题干中的关键词planningforfinancesormedicalcare和manyotherresponsibilities。文章段落中，[H]段首先就提到了家庭护理人员要承担许多责任，该段最后指出，家庭护理不仅仅要提前做好资金和医疗规划，一切问题都要考虑到。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。49.[C]。题干意为，永久授权书和医疗保健代理委托书的区别在于，后者允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。注意抓住题干中的关键词adurablepowerofattorney和ahealthcareproxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了这两个专有名词，该段第二句指出，护理指示应该包含adurablepowerof attorney、a healthcareproxy和a livingwill。在介绍healthcareproxy时提到，它与durablepowerofattorney相似，只是它允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。由

says. “But most worthwhile things are hard. She was always there for me when I needed a helping hand. It’s only natural that I be here for her now.” 46. When elderly parents cannot live at home safely, their children can change their home instead of sending them to an adult care facility. 47. To talk about long-term care is not easy because sometimes aged parents are suspicious of their children’s financial motives. 48. Besides advance planning for finances or medical care, family caregivers take over many other responsibilities. 49. The difference between a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy is that the latter allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment. 50. Baldocchi did not want to send her mother to a nursing home, but she had difficulty taking care of her. 51. Over 42 million caregivers helped an adult with everyday activities in the USA in 2009. 52. If a family needs information or help to sort out disagreements, there are many people they can call on. 53. Caregivers should pay attention to their own health, or they may burn out or become depressed. 54. One will have to petition the court to be the parent’s legal guardian, if there is no advance directive. 55. The national median cost of assisted living in 2011 was $39,135 and it is not covered by Medicaid. Section B 46. [G]。题干意为，当上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全时，他们的孩子可以改变他们的 家，而不是将他们送 到成人看护中心去。注意抓住题干中的关键词live at home safely和adult care facility。文章段落中，[G]段提 到了上了年纪的父母住在家里不安全和成人看护中心的 内容，该段第二至四句提到，如果上了年纪的父 母住在家里不再安全，对于孩子来说将他 们送到成人看护中心也很难，不过有另外一种选择——可以改 变他们的家以适合他们在那 里度过晚年。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[G]。 47. [D]。题干意为，谈论长期护理问题并不容易，因为有时老年人会怀疑自己孩子有金 钱方面的动机。注意 抓住题干中的关键词 talk about long-term care、suspicious of 和 financial motives。文章段落中，[D]段提到了 谈论长期护理和老年人会怀疑自己孩子的内容，该段 前三句指出，家庭成员谈论长期护理问题是很重要 的，这样才能了解父母的喜好和意愿等， 但是这并不容易，有时候父母会怀疑子女有金钱方面的动机。由 此可知，题干是对原文的 同义转述，故答案为[D]。 48. [H]。题干意为，除了提前进行资金和医疗方面的规划，家庭护理人员还有其他许多 责任。注意抓住题干 中的关键词 planning for finances or medical care 和 many other responsibilities。文章段落中，[H ]段首先就提到 了家庭护理人员要承担许多责任，该段最 后指出，家庭护理不仅仅要提前做好资金和医疗规划，一切问题 都要考虑到。由此可知， 题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[H]。 49. [C]。题干意为，永久授权书和医疗保健代理委托书的区别在于，后者允许某人做出 有关医疗方面的决定。 注意抓住题干中的关键词 a durable power of attorney 和 a health care proxy。文章段落中，只有[C]段提到了 这两个专有名词，该段第二句指出，护理指示应该 包含 a durable power of attorney、a health care proxy 和 a living will。在介绍 health care proxy 时提到，它与 durable power of attorney 相似，只是它允许某人做出有关医疗方面的决定。由

此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。50.[A]。题干意为，Baldocchi不想将母亲送到疗养院，但是她又很难照顾她。注意抓住题干中的关键词Baldocchi和nursinghome。文章段落中，有几段都提到了Baldocchi,但是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但自己照顾母亲又有困难的只有[A]段。题干内容是对原文第一段的总结，故答案为[A]。51.[B]。题干意为，2009年，美国有超过4200万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生活。题干中的关键词为Over42millioncaregivers和helpanadultwitheverydayactivities。文章段落中，[B]段倒数第三句提到了Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforan adult who needshelp with daily activities,其中More than 42million和daily activities分别与题干中的Over42million和everydayactivities为同义互换。故答案为[B]。52.[D]。题干意为，如果一个家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或帮助，他们可以向很多人求助。注意抓住题干中的关键词sortoutdisagreements和callon。文章段落中，[D]段倒数第二句提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或者帮助，他们可以向老年法律师、金融规划师、老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。53.[I]。题干意为，家庭护理人员应该注意自已的身体健康，否则他们可能会累跨或者变得心情抑郁。注意抓住题干中的关键词theirownhealth、burnout和depressed。文章段落中，提到要护理人员注意自已身体的是段，该段前三句指出，家庭护理人员也要注意自已的身体，有的时候护理者可能会累垮。对年龄在50岁及以上的女性护理人员的调查显示，有20%的人称自已有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转述，故答案为[1]。题干中的payattentiontotheirownhealth和原文中的watchtheirownhealth对应。54.[C]。题干意为，如果没有提前准备一份护理说明，那么想成为父母的合法监护人需要向法庭申请。注意抓住题干中的关键词petitionthecourt、parent'slegalguardian和noadvancedirective。本题比较简单，这几个关键词均在文章[C]段中直接出现，该段最后一句提到，Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent'slegal guardian。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。55.[F]。题干意为，2011年，全国生活协助的平均花费为39，135美元，而且这项花费也不在医疗补助计划的范围之内。注意抓住题干中的关键词2011、$39，135和Medicaid。本题也比较容易，扫读全文，可以发现在[F]段出现了2011和S39，135这两个关键词，并且后面也提到生活协助并不包含在医疗补助计划之内。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[F]。Passage 2.Beauty and Body Image in the Media[A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women-and their body parts—sell everythingfrom food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner.Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food.Women's magazines are full ofarticles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they'll have it all-the perfectmarriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career.[B] Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom arenaturally larger and more mature than any of the models?The roots, some analysts say,areeconomic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet productindustries are assured of growth and profits. And it's no accident that youth is increasinglypromoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to loseweight, for sure they're all aging,says the Quebec Action Network for Women's Health in its

此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案为[C]。 50. [A]。题干意为，Baldocchi 不想将母亲送到疗养院，但是她又很难照顾她。注意抓 住题干中的关键词 Baldocchi 和 nursing home。文章段落中，有几段都提到了 Baldocchi,但 是提到她不想将母亲送往疗养院但 自己照顾母亲又有困难的只有[A]段。题干内容是对原文 第一段的总结，故答案为[A]。 51. [B]。题干意为，2009 年，美国有超过 4200 万护理人员帮忙照料成年人的日常生活。 题干中的关键词为 Over 42 million caregivers 和 help an adult with everyday activities。文章段 落中，[B]段倒数第三句提到 了 More than 42 million Americans provide family caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities,其中 More than 42 million 和 daily activities 分别与 题干中的 Over 42 million 和 everyday activities 为同义互换。故答案为[B]。 52. [D]。题干意为，如果一个家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或帮助，他们可以向很多人求助。 注意抓住题干中的关 键词 sort out disagreements 和 call on。文章段落中，[D]段倒数第二句 提到，如果一些家庭需要解决纠纷的信息或 者帮助，他们可以向老年法律师、金融规划师、 老年人护理经理和护理人员组织求助。由此可知，题干是对 原文的同义转述，故答案为[D]。 53. [I]。题干意为，家庭护理人员应该注意自己的身体健康，否则他们可能会累垮或者 变得心情抑郁。注意抓 住题干中的关键词 their own health、burn out 和 depressed。文章段落 中，提到要护理人员注意自己身体的是[I] 段，该段前三句指出，家庭护理人员也要注意自 己的身体，有的时候护理者可能会累垮。对年龄在 50 岁及以 上的女性护理人员的调查显示， 有 20%的人称自己有抑郁症状。由此可知，题干是对原文这三句话的同义转 述，故答案为 [I ]。题干中的 pay attention to their own health 和原文中的 watch their own health 对应。 54. [C]。题干意为，如果没有提前准备一份护理说明，那么想成为父母的合法监护人需 要向法庭申请。注意 抓住题干中的关键词 petition the court、parent’s legal guardian 和 no advance directive。本题比较简单，这几个关 键词均在文章[C ]段中直接出现，该段最后一 句提到，Without an advance directive, the family will have to petition the court to be appointed the parent’s legal guardian。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述，故答案 为[ C]。 55. [F]。题干意为，2011 年，全国生活协助的平均花费为 39，135 美元，而且这项花费 也不在医疗补助计划的范 围之内。注意抓住题干中的关键词 2011、$39，135 和 Medicaid。 本题也比较容易，扫读全文，可以发现在[F] 段出现了 2011 和$39，135 这两个关键词，并 且后面也提到生活协助并不包含在医疗补助计划之内。由此可知，题干是对原文的同义转述， 故答案为[F]。 Passage 2. Beauty and Body Image in the Media [A] Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their body parts—sell everything from food to cars. Popular film and television actresses are becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known to faint on the set from lack of food. Women’s magazines are full of articles urging that if they can just lose those last twenty pounds, they’ll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great sex, and a rewarding career. [B] Why are standards of beauty being imposed on women, the majority of whom are naturally larger and more mature than any of the models? The roots, some analysts say, are economic. By presenting an ideal difficult to achieve and maintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries are assured of growth and profits. And it’s no accident that youth is increasingly promoted, along with thinness, as an essential criterion of beauty. If not all women need to lose weight, for sure they’re all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women’s Health in its

2001 report. And, according to the industry,age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with.[C] The stakes are huge.On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies aremore likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industryaloneisworthanywherebetween40to100billion(U.S.)ayearsellingtemporaryweightloss(90%to95%of dieters regain thelost weight).On theother hand,research indicatesthat exposureto images of thin young,air-brushedfemalebodies is linked to depression,lossof self-esteem andthedevelopmentof unhealthyeatinghabits in women and girls.[DJ TheAmerican research group Anorexia Nervosa &Related EatingDisorders, Inc.saysthat one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weightcontrol—includingfastingskippingmeals,excessiveexercise,laxative（泻药）abuse,andself-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women'sHealth Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5and 6.American statistics are similar.Several studies,such as one conducted by MarikaTiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls:Media andPeerInfluences onBodyDissatisfaction,"indicate that nearlyhalf of all preadolescentgirls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept ofdieting.In2003.Teenmagazinereportedthat35percentofgirls6to12vearsoldhavebeenonatleast one diet,and that 50 to70 percentof normal weightgirlsbelieve they areoverweightOverall researchindicatesthat90%ofwomen aredissatisfiedwiththeirappearanceinsomewayMedia activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, Women are sold to the diet industry by themagazinesweread and thetelevisionprograms wewatch, almost all of whichmakeus feelanxiousaboutourweight."[E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty areunattainablefor all but avery small number of women.Researchersgeneratinga computer modelof a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak tosupport the weight of her upper body,and herbody would betoo narrowto contain more than halfa liver and a few centimeters of bowel.A real woman built that waywould sufferfrom chronicdiarrhea（慢性腹泻)and eventuallydiefrommalnutritionJillBarad,PresidentofMattel（whichmanufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbiedoll. Stll, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body isepidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences.In 2006 it was estimatedthat up to450, 000Canadian women were affectedby an eatingdisorder.[F J Researchers report that women's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads andarticles promoting weight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers ofwomen's magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman's bodilyappearanceby diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce theimportanceof athinbody asameasureofa woman'sworthCanadianresearcherGregoryFoutsreports that over three-quarters ofthe female characters in TV situation comedies are underweightand onlyone intwentyareabove average in size.Heavier actressestendtoreceivenegativecommentsfrom malecharactersabouttheir bodies("Howabout wearinga sack?),and 80percentof these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter.[G]Therehavebeeneffortsinthemagazine industrytobuck（抵制，反抗)thetrend.Forseveral years the Quebec magazine CoupdePouce has consistently included full-sized women intheir fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models

2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disaster that needs to be dealt with. [C] The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are insecure about their bodies are more likely to buy beauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the diet industry alone is worth anywhere between 40 to 100 billion (U.S.) a year selling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regain the lost weight). On the other hand, research indicates that exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed female bodies is linked to depression, loss of self-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habits in women and girls. [D ] The American research group Anorexia Nervosa & Related Eating Disorders, Inc. says that one out of every four college-aged women uses unhealthy methods of weight control—including fasting, skipping meals, excessive exercise, laxative ( 泻药)abuse, and self-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affecting young girls: the Canadian Women’s Health Network warns that weight control measures are now being taken by girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar. Several studies, such as one conducted by Marika Tiggemann and Levina Clark in 2006 titled “Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media and Peer Influences on Body Dissatisfaction,” indicate that nearly half of all preadolescent girls wish to be thinner, and as a result have engaged in a diet or are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that 35 percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50 to 70 percent of normal weight girls believe they are overweight. Overall research indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with their appearance in some way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, “Women are sold to the diet industry by the magazines we read and the television programs we watch, almost all of which make us feel anxious about our weight.” [ E] Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of female beauty are unattainable for all but a very small number of women. Researchers generating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions, for example, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of her upper body, and her body would be too narrow to contain more than half a liver and a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built that way would suffer from chronic diarrhea (慢性腹泻)and eventually die from malnutrition. Jill Barad, President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie), estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own at least one Barbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who seek a similarly underweight body is epidemic, and they can suffer equally devastating health consequences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to 450, 000 Canadian women were affected by an eating disorder. [F ] Researchers report that women’s magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articles promoting weight loss than men’s magazines do, and over three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines include at least one message about how to change a woman’s bodily appearance—by diet, exercise or cosmetic surgery. Television and movies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman’s worth. Canadian researcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the female characters in TV situation comedies are underweight, and only one in twenty are above average in size. Heavier actresses tend to receive negative comments from male characters about their bodies (“How about wearing a sack?)，and 80 percent of these negative comments are followed by canned audience laughter. [G] There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗)the trend. For several years the Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce has consistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelaine has pledged not to touch up photos and not to include models

less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin modelswere banned from the runway in 2006.Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project withtheaim to standardize clothing sizes through using a uniqueprocess in which a laserbeam is usedtomeasurereal lifewomen's bodies in order tofind the mosttrue to life measurement.[H] Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation andEffects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women's Magazines"found thatalthough there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white womenwere overrepresented inmainstreamwomen's magazinesfrom 1999to2004.[] The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells“ordinary"women thatthey are always in need of adjustment-and that the female body is an object to be perfected. JeanKilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women meansthat real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media.The real tragedy,Kilbourneconcludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beautyindustry's standards.Womenlearnto comparethemselvesto otherwomen,andto competewiththemfor male attention.This focus on beauty and desirability“effectively destroys any awarenessand action that might help to change that climate."46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think thatthey need to lose weight.47.On the whole,for 6years white women had been occupying muchmore space inmainstream women'smagazines since1999.48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females arerelated to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies.49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries.50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for women to changetheir bodily appearance on more than three-quarters ofthe covers of women's magazines.51.Somefilmand television actresses even faint on the scenedueto eatingtoo little.52.Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend.53.Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually diefrommalnutrition.54.The Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce resists the trend by consistently includingfull-sized women in their fashion pages for several years.55.According to some analysts,thefundamental reason of imposing standards ofbeauty onwomeniseconomicprofits.46.[D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有50%到70%体重正常的女孩认为自己已需要减肥。注意抓住题干中的关键词magazine、50%to70%和normalweight。文章段落中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比50%到70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到，《青少年》杂志报道称，在6~12岁的女孩当中，有35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，有50%~70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分内容的同义转述，故答案为[D]。题干中的needtoloseweight与原文中的isoverweight对应。47.[H]。题干意为，总体而言，1999年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的多数篇幅。注意抓住题干中的关键词for6years、whitewomen和occupyingmuchmorespace。文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女性杂志所占比例的内容在H段出现，该段最后一句提到，该研究发现，虽然1999~2004年间杂志中出现的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增

less than 25 years of age. In Madrid, one of the world’s biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thin models were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spain has recently undergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using a unique process in which a laser beam is used to measure real life women’s bodies in order to find the most true to life measurement. [ H] Another issue is the representation of ethnically diverse women in the media. A 2008 study conducted by Juanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled “A Changing View: Representation and Effects of the Portrayal of Women of Color in Mainstream Women’s Magazines” found that although there was an increase in the representation of women of colour, overall white women were overrepresented in mainstream women’s magazines from 1999 to 2004. [I] The barrage of messages about thinness, dieting and beauty tells “ordinary” women that they are always in need of adjustment—and that the female body is an object to be perfected. Jean Kilbourne argues that the overwhelming presence of media images of painfully thin women means that real women’s bodies have become invisible in the mass media. The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many women internalize these stereotypes, and judge themselves by the beauty industry’s standards. Women learn to compare themselves to other women, and to compete with them for male attention. This focus on beauty and desirability “effectively destroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate.” 46. A report in Teen magazine showed that 50% to 70% girls with normal weight think that they need to lose weight. 47. On the whole, for 6 years white women had been occupying much more space in mainstream women’s magazines since 1999. 48. Some negative effects such as depression and unhealthy eating habits in females are related to their being exposed to images of thin and young female bodies. 49. The mass media has helped boost the cosmetic and the diet industries. 50. It is reported that there is at least one message about the methods for women to change their bodily appearance on more than three-quarters of the covers of women’s magazines. 51. Some film and television actresses even faint on the scene due to eating too little. 52. Too much concern with appearance makes it impossible to change such abnormal trend. 53. Researchers found that a real woman with Barbie-doll proportions would eventually die from malnutrition. 54. The Quebec magazine Coup de Pouce resists the trend by consistently including full-sized women in their fashion pages for several years. 55. According to some analysts, the fundamental reason of imposing standards of beauty on women is economic profits. 46. [D]题干意为，《青少年》杂志上的一项报道称，有 50%到 70%体重正常的女孩认为 自己需要减肥。注意抓 住题干中的关键词 magazine、50% to 70%和 normal weight。文章段 落中，《青少年》杂志以及百分比 50%到 70%的内容在[D]段出现，该段倒数第二句提到， 《青少年》杂志报道称，在 6~12 岁的女孩当中，有 35%的人至少进行过一次减肥，有 50%~70%体重正常的女孩认为自己超重。由此可知，题干是对该句部分内容的同义转述， 故答案为[D]。题干中的 need to lose weight 与原文中的 is overweight 对应。 47. [H]。题干意为，总体而言，1999 年以来白人女性连续六年占据了主流女性杂志的 多数篇幅。注意抓住题 干中的关键词for 6 years、white women和occupying much more space。 文章段落中，提及白人女性在主流女 性杂志所占比例的内容在[H]段出现，该段最后一句提 到，该研究发现，虽然 1999~2004 年间杂志中出现 的有色人种的女性形象在数量上有所增