《大学英语读写》课程教学资源（A）Ⅱ_四级资源_作文_四级作文应试技巧

四级作文应试技巧一、考核要求四六级大学英语写作考试时间均为30分钟，分值占总分的15%。四级要求考生写出一篇不少于120词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般常识。短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。二、大学英语四级作文评分原则及标准首先，卷面一定要清晰、干净、整洁。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字的中间画道横线第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。一般情况下，中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。第三，开好头，结好尾。第四，按要求的字数写，可以比要求的字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人的感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，阅卷老师心理会烦，你的分数会受影响。具体评分标准2分一一条理不清，思路素乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，但多数为严重错误。5分一一基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分一一基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分一一切题。表达思想清楚、文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分一一切题。表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。②只写一段者：0～4分：只写两段者：0～9分（按规定写三段的作文）三、四级写作中如何选词选词的基本原则尽量用四级范围内的积极的，活跃的，常用的词或词组尽量用表达最贴切,最生动,最有力的词或短语。尽量用最符合所写话题所用文体的词或表达。策略1、调动大学期间学过的更生动，更丰富的词汇表达意思。Eg.引起、导致Cause, lead to, result in, bring about, give rise/birth to2、用具体，生动，有针对性的词语。Eg.利用Use, make use of, make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, take (full)advantageof3、文中如需要多次表达同一词义时，以同义词，近义词等避免重复使用同一词1

1 四级作文应试技巧 一、考核要求 四六级大学英语写作考试时间均为 30 分钟，分值占总分的 15%。 四级要求考生写出一篇不少于 120 词的短文，试卷上可能给出题目，或规定情景， 或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写;或给出关键词要求写成短文。要求能 够正确表达思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作的内容包括日常生活和一般 常识。短文写作部分的目的是测试学生运用英语书面表达思想的初步能力。 二、大学英语四级作文评分原则及标准 首先，卷面一定要清晰、干净、整洁。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字的中间 画道横线 第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。一般情况下，中间一段长，开首段 和结尾段较短，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。 第三，开好头，结好尾。 第四，按要求的字数写，可以比要求的字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人的感觉是 缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，阅卷老师心理会烦，你的分数会受影响。 具体评分标准： 2 分――条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，但多数为 严重错误。 5 分――基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8 分－－基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当 多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11 分――切题。表达思想清楚、文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14 分――切题。表达思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误， 仅有个别小错误。 ②只写一段者：0～4 分；只写两段者：0～9 分(按规定写三段的作文) 三、四级写作中如何选词 选词的基本原则 尽量用四级范围内的积极的,活跃的，常用的词或词组。 尽量用表达最贴切,最生动,最有力的词或短语。 尽量用最符合所写话题,所用文体的词或表达。 策略 1、调动大学期间学过的更生动，更丰富的词汇表达意思。 Eg. 引起、导致 Cause, lead to, result in, bring about, give rise/birth to 2、用具体，生动，有针对性的词语。 Eg. 利用 Use, make use of, make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, take (full) advantage of 3、文中如需要多次表达同一词义时，以同义词，近义词等避免重复使用同一词

Eg.适应Adapt to,adjust to,make...fit,getused to, be accustomed to29个最经典的替换词1.individuals,characters,folks代替(people，persons)2.positive,favorable,rosy（美好的），promising（有希望的），perfect，pleasurable，excellent,outstanding 代替good3.dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害的)代替bad如果bad做表语，可以有belessimpressive代替4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of, many, if not most) 代替 many.5:a slice of,quiet a few, several 代替 some6: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely sharedthat，itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat）替think（因为是书面语，所以要加that）7:affair, business,matter 代替thing8:shared代common9.reaphugefruits代替getmuchbenefit10:formypart,frommyownperspective代替 inmyopinion1l:Increasingly，growing代替moreandmore。所以当修饰名词时用increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly（注意没有growingly这种形式.12.little if anything,或little ornothing代替hardly13..benefitialrewarding代替helpful14.shopper,client，consumer,purchaser,代替customer15.exceedingly,extremely代替very16.hardlyunnecessary,hardly inevitable...代替necessary,inevitable17. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替 sb take interestin18. capture one's attention 代替 attract one's attention.19.facet,dimension,sphere代aspect20.be indicative of,be suggestive of,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest,fear21.give rise to, lead to,result in, trigger 代替cause.22.There are several reasons behind sth 代替..reasons for sth23.desire代替want.24.pour attention into 代替pay attention to25.bear in mind that 代替 remember26.enjoy,possess代替have（注意process是过程的意思）27.interaction代替communication28.frownonsth代替beagainst,disagreewithsth29.tonameonlyafew,asanexample代替forexample四、四级写作中如何造句善用词组如果我们能够在单词的基础上，进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显2

2 Eg. 适应 Adapt to, adjust to, make.fit, get used to, be accustomed to 29 个最经典的替换词 1. individuals, characters, folks 代替 (people ,persons) 2. positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding 代替 good 3. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse(有害的)代替 bad 如果 bad 做表语，可以有 be less impressive 代替 4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , many, if not most) 代替 many. 5: a slice of, quiet a few , several 代替 some 6: harbor the idea that, take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that)替 think (因为是书面语，所以要加 that) 7:affair, business ,matter 代替 thing 8: shared 代 common 9. reap huge fruits 代替 get much benefit 10: for my part ,from my own perspective 代替 in my opinion 11: Increasingly, growing 代 替 more and more 。 所 以 当 修 饰 名 词 时 用 increasing/growing. 修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly (注意没有 growingly 这种 形式. 12.little if anything,或 little or nothing 代替 hardly 13.benefitial rewarding 代替 helpful 14.shopper, client, consumer, purchaser, 代替 customer 15.exceedingly,extremely 代替 very 16.hardly unnecessary, hardly inevitable .代替 necessary, inevitable 17. sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 代替 sb take interest in 18. capture one‘s attention 代替 attract one's attention. 19. facet, dimension, sphere 代 aspect 20. be indicative of ,be suggestive of ,be fearful of 代 indicate, suggest ,fear 21.give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 代替 cause. 22. There are several reasons behind sth 代替.reasons for sth 23.desire 代替 want. 24.pour attention into 代替 pay attention to 25.bear in mind that 代替 remember 26. enjoy, possess 代替 have (注意 process 是过程的意思) 27. interaction 代替 communication 28.frown on sth 代替 be against , disagree with sth 29.to name only a few, as an example 代替 for example 四、四级写作中如何造句 善用词组 如果我们能够在单词的基础上，进一步想到与之同义的词组，那么文章就会显

得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到important的时候，如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到beof importance。因为，语法中规定：形容词等于of加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的词组叫做playanimportantrolein...句型多样简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句子结构如：插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词，疑问句等。若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和句式变化及句子类型，可通过对泛读课文经典句子的背诵提高应用语言基本句型的能力。要善于模仿。Imitationisagoodwaytolearn被动句适当用代替主动，这样能更客观的反映事实句子开头不要总是用we/I（比如写结尾时不用weshouldpayattentionto而用Attentionshouldbepaidto.）经典例句：1. It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by theserviceindustrylikethat.Thus,its competitiveedgewill besharpened effectively2.Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal havebeendisclosedonvariousmedia3. Prompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend4. Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least onecreditcard, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase插入语一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist cityOther people may give us instrumental support--financial aid, material resources, andneeded services--that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with ourproblems.比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语后、动词或者助动词前，两边分别加上逗号。如however/therefore/forexample/Ibelieve做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词，助动词前，两边分别加上逗号。比如说：Otherindividuals,however,taketheattitudethati倒装倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种：Only+时间状语Ex. Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we3

3 得与众不同，更具有英语的味道。 比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词，当我们想到 important 的时候，如果从语 法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到 be of importance。因为，语法中规定：形容 词等于 of 加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步，我们还学过一个常用的 词组叫做 play an important role in. 句型多样 简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句子结构如：插入语，倒装句， 强调句，非谓语动词，疑问句等。 若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和句式变化及句子类型，可通 过对泛读课文经典句子的背诵提高应用语言基本句型的能力。 要善于模仿。Imitation is a good way to learn. 被动句 适当用代替主动，这样能更客观的反映事实,句子开头不要总是用 we / I (比如写 结尾时不用 we should pay attention to 而用 Attention should be paid to. ) 经典例句： 1. It is, therefore, high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the service industry like that. Thus，its competitive edge will be sharpened effectively. 2. Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media. 3. Prompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend. 4. Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase. 插入语 一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语 第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。 Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous tourist city. Other people may give us instrumental support-financial aid, material resources, and needed services-that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems. 比如说把副词、连接词等，作插入语放在中间，一般放在主语后、动词或者助动 词前，两边分别加上逗号。 如 however / therefore /for example/I believe 做插入语放在中间，一般放在动词， 助动词前，两边分别加上逗号。 比如说：Other individuals, however, take the attitude that¡­ 倒装 倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套，但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观 感受的。 常用的倒装形式有以下几种： Only + 时间状语 Ex. Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we

expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.Only+介词词组Ex.Only by planninghis time carefully can he improve efficiency and makeachievements否定词位于句首（hardlywhen,never,notonly---,butalso---;seldom，scarcely,rarely)在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人Ex:Seldom inmylifehaveImet suchakind-hearted man地点方位名词位于句首Ex: In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying forhostingthe2008Olympic Games.修辞无论是汉语写作还是英语写作，修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事例地展现。所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。这里仅举一个比喻例子，还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后，如果你用上下面比喻句子，则文章就会显得神采飞扬，试比较：The bicycle is important for usThebicycleis of importanceforusThe bicycle plays an important role in our life.The bicycle, environmental friendly vehicle, plays an important role in our life.Thebicycle is like the air, water,and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment inourlife五、四级作文常用句型没有比..更..的Nothingis+more+形容词+thanto+V例句：没有比接受教育更重要的事。Nothing is more importantthantoreceive education再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。~cannotemphasizetheimportanceof~~~toomuch例句：我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes toomuch.不可否认的.There is no denying that + S + V..例句：不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.全世界都知道...It isuniversallyacknowledgedthat+句子~~例句：全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。It isuniversally acknowledgedthattreesareindispensabletous4

4 expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future. Only + 介词词组 Ex. Only by planning his time carefully can he improve efficiency and make achievements 否定词位于句首（hardly when; never; not only-,but also-; seldom， scarcely, rarely） 在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人 Ex: Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man. 地点方位名词位于句首 Ex: In no other place in the world can one find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games. 修辞 无论是汉语写作还是英语写作，修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事 例地展现。 所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。 这里仅举一个比喻例子，还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后，如果你 用上下面比喻句子，则文章就会显得神采飞扬，试比较： The bicycle is important for us. The bicycle is of importance for us. The bicycle plays an important role in our life. The bicycle, environmental friendly vehicle, plays an important role in our life. The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a moment in our life. 五、四级作文常用句型 没有比.更.的 Nothing is + more + 形容词 + than to + V 例句：没有比接受教育更重要的事。 Nothing is more important than to receive education. 再怎么强调.的重要性也不为过。 ~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much. 例句：我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。 We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much. 不可否认的. There is no denying that + S + V . 例句：不可否认的，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。 There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse. 全世界都知道. It is universally acknowledged that + 句子~~ 例句：全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。 It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us

毫无疑问的There is nodoubtthat+句子例句：毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired....的原因是..Thereasonwhy+句子~~~isthat+句子例句：我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air.The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.虽然...Adj+as+Subject（主词）+be,S+V~例句：虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.(bynomeans=innoway=onnoaccount一点也不)愈愈The+~er + S + V,~~~the +~er + S + V~~More and more= an increasing number of例句：你愈努力，你愈进步。The harder you work, themore progress you make我们绝对不能...On no account can we+V~例句：我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge该是...的时候了It istime+S+过去式例句：该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems没有人不..There is no one but ~例句：没有人不渴望上大学。There is no one but longs to go to college不得不.be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V例句：既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.可想而知的、明显的、显然的It isconceivablethat+句子It isobviousthat+句子It is apparent that+句子例句：可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。It isconceivablethatknowledgeplays an important role in our life.过去.年来，…一直..Forthepast+时间，S+现在完成式..例句：过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试。5

5 毫无疑问的. There is no doubt that + 句子~~ 例句：毫无疑问的我们的教育制度令人不满意。 There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired. .的原因是. The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子 例句：我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。 The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can provide us with fresh air. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us. 虽然. Adj + as + Subject（主词）+ be, S + V~~~ 例句：虽然我们的国家富有，我们的生活品质绝对令人不满意。 Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory. {by no means = in no way = on no account 一点也不} 愈.愈. The + ~er + S + V, ~~~ the + ~er + S + V~~~ More and more= an increasing number of 例句：你愈努力，你愈进步。 The harder you work, the more progress you make. 我们绝对不能. On no account can we + V ~~~ 例句：我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。 On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 该是.的时候了 It is time + S + 过去式 例句：该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。 It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems. 没有人不. There is no one but ~~~ 例句：没有人不渴望上大学。 There is no one but longs to go to college. 不得不. be + forced/compelled/obliged + to + V 例句：既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃做运动。 Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports. 可想而知的、明显的、显然的 It is conceivable that + 句子 It is obvious that + 句子 It is apparent that + 句子 例句：可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。 It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 过去.年来，.一直. For the past + 时间，S + 现在完成式. 例句：过去两年来，我一直忙着准备考试

For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination..是值得的It pays to + V~例句：帮助别人是值得的。It pays to help others.不遗余力的Spare no effort to + V我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。We should spare no effort to beautify our environment让明白事bring home to+人+事例句：我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。We should bring home to people the value ofworking hard与..息息相关becloselyrelated to~例句：做运动与健康息息相关。Taking exercise is closely related to health养成..的习惯Get into the habit of+ Ving ;make it a rule to + V我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.因为..Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving,例句：因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream令人不满意Leave much to be desired例句：我们的交通状况令人不满意。The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired对...造成一大威胁Pose agreat threat to~例句：污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。Pollution poses a great threat to our existence尽全力去...do one's utmost to + V= do one's best例句：我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life六、四级写作如何组段一篇完整的作文包括三部分：引言，正文和结论。又称：三段论。一个完整的落包括三部分：主题句，推展句和结论句。因此，可以说，文章是段落的扩展段落是文章的压缩。6

6 For the past two years, I have been busy preparing for the examination. .是值得的 It pays to + V ~~~ 例句：帮助别人是值得的。 It pays to help others. 不遗余力的 Spare no effort to + V 我们应该不遗余力的美化我们的环境。 We should spare no effort to beautify our environment. 让.明白.事 bring home to + 人 + 事 例句：我们应该让人们明白努力的价值。 We should bring home to people the value of working hard. 与.息息相关 be closely related to ~~ 例句：做运动与健康息息相关。 Taking exercise is closely related to health. 养成.的习惯 Get into the habit of + Ving ； make it a rule to + V 我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。 We should get into the habit of keeping good hours. 因为. Due to/Owing to/Thanks to + N/Ving, ~~~ 例句：因为他的鼓励，我终于实现我的梦想。 Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my dream. 令人不满意 Leave much to be desired 例句：我们的交通状况令人不满意。 The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired. 对.造成一大威胁 Pose a great threat to ~~ 例句：污染对我们的生存造成一大威胁。 Pollution poses a great threat to our existence. 尽全力去. do one’s utmost to + V = do one’s best 例句：我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。 We should do our utmost to achieve our goal in life. 六、四级写作如何组段 一篇完整的作文包括三部分：引言，正文和结论。又称：三段论。一个完整的落 包括三部分：主题句， 推展句和结论句。因此，可以说， 文章是段落的扩展， 段落是文章的压缩

题型第二段第四段第一段现象解释型描述现象说明现象产生的表明个人观点态原度或阐述个人做法对比选择型表明一方或双表明一方的观点表明个人观点态方观点及理由，或指出度或阐述个人做法双方观点的不足之处及理由问题解决型提出问题分析问题，给出表明个人观点或阐述个人做法解决方案应用文描述事实阐述事实表明观点或提出建议第一句话：现象宽泛的扣题引入主体第一句话通式状语时间、地点大家/越来越多的人sth.很怎样/越来越条件认为有一个现象1.状语：a 时间+地点 currently/previously in China/in our highly civilized and industrializedsocietyb条件和伴随eg：随着社会的发展Withthedevelopmentofoursociety>Withoursocietydeveloping increasinglyfaster2.引入：a大家都认为Itisgenerallyacknowledgedthat...b越来越多的人认为an increasingnumberof peoplemaintain/deem/reckonthat..有一个广泛的现象a wide-spread phenomenoninthecontemporarysocietyisthat..3.主体：a语法变难be+adj.=beof+n.isofgreat/increasingsignificance、necessity、popularity、help/use/value7

7 题型 第一段 第二段 第四段 现象解释型 描述现象 说明现象产生的 原 表明个人观点态 度或阐述个人做 法 对比选择型 表明一方或双 方观点 表明一方的观点 及理由，或指出 双方观点的不足 之处及理由 表明个人观点态 度或阐述个人做 法 问题解决型 提出问题 分析问题，给出 解决方案 表明个人观点或 阐述个人做法 应用文 描述事实 阐述事实 表明观点或提出 建议 第一句话：现象 宽泛的扣题 第一句话通式 状语 引入 主体 时间、地点 大家/越来越多的人 sth.很怎样/越来越 条件 认为有一个现象 1.状语： a 时间+地点 currently/previously in China/in our highly civilized and industrialized society b 条件和伴随 eg：随着社会的发展 With the development of our society→With our society developing increasingly faster 2.引入： a 大家都认为 It is generally acknowledged that. b 越来越多的人认为 an increasing number of people maintain/deem/reckon that. 有一个广泛的现象 a wide-spread phenomenon in the contemporary society is that. 3.主体： a 语法变难 be + adj.=be of + n. is of great/increasing significance 、necessity、 popularity、help/use/value

b词变难用以下牛词进行修饰：adv.very>extremelyextraordinarilytremendously significantly adj. importantvital essential prevalent indispensable第二句话引入“由远及近”1.描述身边事实可排比或细分至不同情况；2.过去对比现在（问题解决型文章专用）inthepast...however，now...；3.举个例；4.名人名言（可编造）myprofessoroncetoldusthat..asafamousproverbgoesthat..第三句话中心简短、强调1.关于这个问题，不同的人有不同的看法concemingthisquestion，people'sviewpointsdifferdramatically2.因此，如何解决这个问题成了大家关心的事therefore,howto..hasbecomeamatter of concern for many3.为什么会有这个现象呢？大家都关心其原因whydoes/is？Everyoneexpresses serious concernsforthereasons二段中心句（1）万能二段开头A.There are several possible solutions that can address this difficulty 或 reasons thatcan be account for this phenomenon 或 factors that may give rise to /contribute to thisconsequenceB. The... acknowledged by most people are as follows（2）二段拓展法（虚实结合）eg：Tobeginwith，universitycanprovideuswithknowledgeA针对词的拓展：a主语名词->并列同功能主语aswellasother+主语的属性或类别eg:university as well as some other academic institutions;parents as well assome other relatives of us;airplane as well as some other advanced transportationsb谓语前加表示“极其、很”等程度深的adv.如considerably、dramatically等c宾语前加双adj.如notonlyadj.but alsoadj.B插入句中的拓展：a主语后加同位语1.大家认为它是..eg：university，whichpeopleconsider as...2.属性+功能eg：university,theplaceforeducatethetalentedpeopleb实义动词前的万能插入语：toalargeextend（很大程度上）；directlyorindirectly（直接或间接地）；asamatteroffact（事实上）如：computers，toalargeextend，influenceour lifec宾语后用非限定性定语从句whichcan/may/willeg: knowledge, which may assist us in finding a suitable job.结尾段：1.我的看法/总结2.双原因1)我的看法Ithink替换为inmypointofview；when itcomestome；asfarasIamconcernedInconclusion替换为toconclude；towrapup2）双原因（要说出具体的、有说服力的原因）1.notonly第一个原因butalso第二个原因：2...第一个原因，meanwhile，第二个原因，consequently，.8

8 b 词变难 用以 下牛词 进行修 饰：adv. very→extremely extraordinarily tremendously significantly adj. important→vital essential prevalent indispensable 第二句话 引入 “由远及近” 1.描述身边事实 可排比或细分至不同情况； 2.过去对比现在（问题解决型文章专用）in the past. however， now.； 3.举个例； 4.名人名言（可编造）my professor once told us that. as a famous proverb goes that. 第三句话 中心 简短、强调 1.关于这个问题，不同的人有不同的看法 concerning this question, people’s viewpoints differ dramatically 2.因此，如何解决这个问题成了大家关心的事 therefore, how to. has become a matter of concern for many 3.为什么会有这个现象呢？大家都关心其原因 why does/is.? Everyone expresses serious concerns for the reasons 二段中心句 （1）万能二段开头 A. There are several possible solutions that can address this difficulty 或 reasons that can be account for this phenomenon 或 factors that may give rise to /contribute to this consequence B. The. acknowledged by most people are as follows （2）二段拓展法（虚实结合） eg：To begin with ,university can provide us with knowledge A 针对词的拓展： a 主语名词->并列同功能主语 as well as other+主语的属性或 类别 eg：university as well as some other academic institutions；parents as well as some other relatives of us；airplane as well as some other advanced transportations b 谓语前加表示“极其、很”等程度深的 adv. 如 considerably、dramatically 等 c 宾语前加双 adj. 如 not only adj. but also adj. B 插入句中的拓展：a 主语后加同位语 1.大家认为它是. eg：university, which people consider as. 2.属性+功能 eg：university, the place for educate the talented people b 实义动词前的万能插入语：to a large extend（很大程度上）；directly or indirectly （直接或间接地）；as a matter of fact（事实上）如：computers，to a large extend， influence our life c 宾语后用非限定性定语从句 which can/may/will eg：knowledge, which may assist us in finding a suitable job. 结尾段：1.我的看法/总结 2.双原因 1)我的看法 I think 替换为 in my point of view；when it comes to me；as far as I am concerned In conclusion 替换为 to conclude；to wrap up 2）双原因（要说出具体的、有说服力的原因） 1.not only 第一个原因 but also 第二个原因； 2.第一个原因，meanwhile，第二个原因，consequently

3...this is largely due to the fact that第一个原因...，but also because第二个原因..七、作文题型分析分析近几年的四级作文真题，我们不难看出考试的重点主要放在这几种类型上：1.论说文2.图表作文3.图画作文4.应用文论说文包括：现象论说文，正反观点论说文和图表论说文。现象说明文Nowadays,thenumber of[某种现象］in[某种场合］isontheincrease.Itisestimatedthat[相关数据]Whyhavetherebeen somany[某种现象]?Maybethereasons can belisted as follows.Theforemostis[原因一].Besides,[原因二].What'smore,[原因三].Tosumup,themaincauseof[某种现象]isdueto[最主要原因]It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解决办法一]. Onthe other hand,[解决办法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of[某种现象]正反观点论说文启始段Recently,people in increasing number start to cast light on the issue that-While many people, if not the most, take the positive view towards theidea/phenomenon,other points of view can also be heard from all walks of life, Theyinsist that...主体段As the proverb goes, No garden has no weeds". In the first place, ... In thesecond place, . Last but not the least, ...解决段Confronting the situation, it is imperative for us to take effective measure totackle it.On the one hand,strict laws should be madeto punish those whoOnetheotherhand,thepublicshouldbeeducated(not)toOnly in this way can we witness the ideal scene in which all the people can enjoytheirlifetotheutmost图表作文的基本写作要求充分利用图表中的信息，把握文字和说明，找出图表所要表达的主题。仔细分析图表提供的信息加以比较和归纳，选出具有代表意义的信息。避免过多引用。通过对图表的分析，进行概括性的评论（变化趋势和造成原因）的说明，最后得出结论。图表写作也属于说明文的类型，这种文章通常结构是：Paragraph 1change(变化)9

9 3.this is largely due to the fact that 第一个原因.，but also because 第二个原 因. 七、作文题型分析 分析近几年的四级作文真题，我们不难看出考试的重点主要放在这几种类型上： 1. 论说文 2. 图表作文 3. 图画作文 4. 应用文 论说文包括：现象论说文，正反观点论说文和图表论说文。 现象说明文 Nowadays, the number of [某种现象] in [某种场合] is on the increase. It is estimated that [相关数据]. Why have there been so many [某种现象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The foremost is [原因一]. Besides, [原因二]. What’s more, [原因三]. To sum up, the main cause of [某种现象] is due to [最主要原因]. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing, [解决办法一]. On the other hand, [解决办法二]. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某种现象]. 正反观点论说文 启始段 Recently, people in increasing number start to cast light on the issue that——. While many people, if not the most, take the positive view towards the idea/phenomenon，other points of view can also be heard from all walks of life. They insist that. 主体段 As the proverb goes, “No garden has no weeds”. In the first place, . In the second place, . Last but not the least, . 解决段 Confronting the situation, it is imperative for us to take effective measure to tackle it. On the one hand, strict laws should be made to punish those who _ . One the other hand, the public should be educated (not) to _. Only in this way can we witness the ideal scene in which all the people can enjoy their life to the utmost. 图表作文的基本写作要求 充分利用图表中的信息，把握文字和说明，找出图表所要表达的主题。 仔细分析图表提供的信息加以比较和归纳，选出具有代表意义的信息。避免过多 引用。 通过对图表的分析，进行概括性的评论（变化趋势和造成原因）的说明，最后得 出结论。 图表写作也属于说明文的类型，这种文章通常结构是： Paragraph 1 change(变化)

Paragraph2reasonsorimplication(原因或意义）Paragraph3conclusion(effects,implication)(结论）惯用表达和句型From the table/graph, it is obvious/ apparent that the number of XxxX has been onthe decline/ increase over the past few years.The last few years witnessed a drastic/dramatic increase/ decrease in the numberof hours that college students spend on computers惯用词汇Table, diagram, graph, chartShow,demonstrate,indicateStatistics, rate, speed, ratio, percentage, figures, (statistical) dataIncrease, decrease, reduce,decline, go down,go up,riseBe on therise/increase, decrease/ declineSharply, smoothly,drastically,dramatically, approximately惯用表达和句型After a careful analysis of the data, we can draw the following conclusionAs a result of careful observation and analysis, a tentative conclusion as follows canbe reached.The rapid increase growth/declinel change of XXXX can be attributed to variousfactors.书信作文的格式1称呼（salutation）①正式称呼：a.当写信的对象为某团体、组织、机构或不知对方姓名的时候，一般是这种写法：Dear Sir or()Madamb.当写信的对象为某领导、上司、老板或校长等上级的时候，一般是以下这种写法：DearMr.***（***代表姓）Dear Ms.***DearMrs.***（针对已婚妇女）②非正式称呼：当写信的对象是朋友或熟人的时候，一般是这种写法：Dear***（***代表名字，即GivenName）-2主体（body）要根据信件内容要求来进行细致划分：但都讲求开门见山、不绕弯子，大约写7一8句话即可。一般题目会要求写三个信息点，所以针对每个信息点可写两句话，最后写两句礼貌用语，即可完成整个信件写作。3落款（complimentaryclose）根据写信的对象不同，也划分为两大类：①正式称呼：10

10 Paragraph 2 reasons or implication(原因或意义) Paragraph 3 conclusion (effects; implication)(结论) 惯用表达和句型 From the table/graph, it is obvious/ apparent that the number of XXXX has been on the decline/ increase over the past few years. The last few years witnessed a drastic/ dramatic increase/ decrease in the number of hours that college students spend on computers. 惯用词汇 Table, diagram, graph, chart Show, demonstrate, indicate Statistics, rate, speed, ratio, percentage, figures, (statistical) data Increase, decrease, reduce, decline, go down, go up, rise Be on the rise/increase, decrease/ decline Sharply, smoothly, drastically, dramatically, approximately 惯用表达和句型 After a careful analysis of the data, we can draw the following conclusion. As a result of careful observation and analysis, a tentative conclusion as follows can be reached. The rapid increase growth/ decline/ change of XXXX can be attributed to various factors. 书信作文的格式 1 称呼（salutation） ①正式称呼： a.当写信的对象为某团体、组织、机构或不知对方姓名的时候，一般是这种写法： Dear Sir or(/) Madam, b.当写信的对象为某领导、上司、老板或校长等上级的时候，一般是以下这种写 法： Dear Mr. *** （***代表姓） Dear Ms. *** Dear Mrs. ***（针对已婚妇女） ②非正式称呼： 当写信的对象是朋友或熟人的时候，一般是这种写法：Dear *** （***代表名字， 即 Given Name） ◼2 主体（body） 要根据信件内容要求来进行细致划分¡ª¡ª但都讲求开门见山、不绕弯子，大约写 7－8 句话即可。一般题目会要求写三个信息点，所以针对每个信息点可写两句 话，最后写两句礼貌用语，即可完成整个信件写作。 ◼3 落款（complimentary close） 根据写信的对象不同，也划分为两大类： ①正式称呼：