《大学英语读写》课程教学资源（A）Ⅱ_四级资源_段落翻译_预测段落翻译30篇

预测翻译30篇1中国的体育运动历经了几千年的发展。但是直到1949年中华人民共和国成立之后，体育运动才成为一项国家事业。中国发展体育运动的目的是：扩大体育宣传、增强人民体质（physique），提高整个国家的运动技能，创造新纪录，来促进国家经济、道德和文化的发展。经过多年的努力，中国的体育运动取得了可喜的（gratifying）成绩。中国已经成为了一个体育强国，赢得了世界范围的尊重。China s sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But not until 1949when the People's Republic of China was founded were sports established as one of the stateundertakings.The aim of developing physical culture and sports in China is to promote thecountrysdevelopment ineconomy,ethicsandculturebypopularizingsportsamongthepeople,strengthening their physique, improving the sporting skills of the country as a whole and settingnewrecords.With somanyyearsefforts,gratifyingachievementshavebeenmadein sports,making Chinaa sportspowerthat winsrespectfromall overtheworld.2中国经济已经出现了明显的结构改善的迹象。一方面，贸易顺差（trade surplus）出现了明显而持续的下降，其主要原因不是出口的放缓，而是进口的加速：另一方面，居民消费占国内生产总值的比重从2007年开始就持续上升。这些结构调整方面的明显改进应归功于市场，是市场的力量推动结构调整。中国经济应该坚定不移地（unswervingly）沿着市场化（marketalization）方向走下去。It is shown that the structure of Chinese economy has been obviously improved. For one thing,trade surplus has declined dramatically and continuously. The primary reason is not theslowdownin theexport buttheaccelerationof import;foranother,theproportionofresidentsconsumptiononGDPhaskept rising since20o7.Theobvious improvement ofstructurecomes upowing to the market. It is the power of the market that promotes structure adjustment. Chineseeconomy should unswervingly go on the path of marketalization.3中国科学家在沿海省份大面积试验用海水灌溉农作物，以供养更多的人口。中国人口占世界人口的五分之一，而可耕地（arableland）面积只占世界总耕地面积的7%。假如所有的可耕地都用来种植农作物，那么可以生产出的农产品大约相当于世界年产量的30%。另一方面，海水灌溉对于中国这样一个人均淡水占有量只占世界人均水平四分之一的国家来说，将大有神益。Chinese scientists are experimenting on irrigating crops with seawater in vast areas of coastalprovinces to helpfeed more population.China has one-fifth ofthe world's total population whileit only accounts for 7% of the world's arable land. If allthat land were used for planting crops,about30 percent of Chinasannual output of agricultural products could beyielded.In anotheraspect, seawater irrigation is of great advantage for China whose per capita possession of freshwaterequals only about one-fourth of the world' s average.4随着经济的高速发展和综合国力（comprehensivenationalstrength）的增强，中国在世界上的影响日益增27大。2008年北京举办奥运会，2010年上海举办世博会，这意味着有几千年历史的中国，正以前所未有的广度和深度向世界各国开放，并从各个方面融入国际社会。在这样一个历史时刻，国际社会比过去任何时候都更加关注中国。各国朋友都迫切希望对中国文化有一种更真实、更生动、更深入的认识。WiththerapiddevelopmentofChineseeconomyandcomprehensivenational strength,China'sinternational influence has gradually increased.The 2008 Olympic Games and 2010 World Expowere respectively held in Beijing and Shanghai, which means China, this thousand-year-oldcountry, is opening to the world withan unprecedented width and depth, and being integrated

预测翻译 30 篇 1 中国的体育运动历经了几千年的发展。但是直到 1949 年中华人民共和国成立之后，体育 运动才成为一 项国家事业。中国发展体育运动的目的是：扩大体育宣传、增强人民体质 （physique），提高整个国家的运动 技能，创造新纪录，来促进国家经济、道德和文化的发 展。经过多年的努力，中国的体育运动取得了可喜的 （gratifying）成绩。中国已经成为了 一个体育强国，赢得了世界范围的尊重。 China’s sports have undergone several thousand years of development. But not until 1949 when the People’s Republic of China was founded were sports established as one of the state undertakings. The aim of developing physical culture and sports in China is to promote the country’s development in economy, ethics and culture by popularizing sports among the people, strengthening their physique, improving the sporting skills of the country as a whole and setting new records. With so many years’ efforts, gratifying achievements have been made in sports, making China a sports power that wins respect from all over the world. 2 中国经济已经出现了明显的结构改善的迹象。一方面，贸易顺差（trade surplus）出现了 明显而持续的下 降，其主要原因不是出口的放缓，而是进口的加速；另一方面，居民消费 占国内生产总值的比重从 2007 年 开始就持续上升。这些结构调整方面的明显改进应归功 于市场，是市场的力量推动结构调整。中国经济应该 坚定不移地（unswervingly）沿着市场 化（marketalization）方向走下去。 It is shown that the structure of Chinese economy has been obviously improved. For one thing, trade surplus has declined dramatically and continuously. The primary reason is not the slowdown in the export but the acceleration of import; for another, the proportion of residents’ consumption on GDP has kept rising since 2007. The obvious improvement of structure comes up owing to the market. It is the power of the market that promotes structure adjustment. Chinese economy should unswervingly go on the path of marketalization. 3 中国科学家在沿海省份大面积试验用海水灌溉农作物，以供养更多的人口。中国人口占世 界人口的五分 之一，而可耕地（arable land）面积只占世界总耕地面积的 7%。假如所有的 可耕地都用来种植农作物，那么 可以生产出的农产品大约相当于世界年产量的 30%。另一 方面，海水灌溉对于中国这样一个人均淡水占有量 只占世界人均水平四分之一的国家来说， 将大有裨益。 Chinese scientists are experimenting on irrigating crops with seawater in vast areas of coastal provinces to help feed more population. China has one-fifth of the world’s total population while it only accounts for 7% of the world’s arable land. If all that land were used for planting crops, about 30 percent of China’s annual output of agricultural products could be yielded. In another aspect, seawater irrigation is of great advantage for China whose per capita possession of fresh water equals only about one-fourth of the world’s average. 4 随着经济的高速发展和综合国力（comprehensive national strength）的增强，中国在世界 上的影响日益增 27 大。2008 年北京举办奥运会，2010 年上海举办世博会，这意味着有 几千年历史的中国，正以前所未有的广 度和深度向世界各国开放，并从各个方面融入国际 社会。在这样一个历史时刻，国际社会比过去任何时候都 更加关注中国。各国朋友都迫切 希望对中国文化有一种更真实、更生动、更深入的认识。 With the rapid development of Chinese economy and comprehensive national strength, China’s international influence has gradually increased. The 2008 Olympic Games and 2010 World Expo were respectively held in Beijing and Shanghai, which means China, this thousand-year-old country, is opening to the world with an unprecedented width and depth, and being integrated

into international community in various aspects. At this historic moment, the internationalcommunity is more focusing on China than ever before.People from all over the world are eagerto have a more real, deeper, and more vivid understanding of Chineseculture.5中国始终奉行独立自主的原则。对于一切国际事务，都从中国和世界人民的根本利益出发，根据事情本身的是非曲直，决定自己的立场和政策，不屈从于任何外来压力。中国不同任何大国或国家集团结盟，不搞军事集团，不参加军备竞赛，不进行军事扩张。中国反对霸权主义（hegemonism），维护世界和平。中国认为，国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国际社会的平等一员。China has all long adhered to the principle of independence.With regard to all internationalaffairs, China will, proceeding from the fundamental interests ofthe Chinese people and thepeople of the world, determine its stand and policy in the light of the rights and wrongs of thematter itself, without yielding to any outside pressure. China does not form an alliance with anybig power or anygroup of big powers.Nor does China establish military blocs with othercountries, or engage in arms race and military expansion. China opposes hegemonism andsafeguards world peace.China believes that all countries,big or small, strong or weak, rich orpoor,are equal membersof the international community.6普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（高考）于1952年开始实行，每年6月的7、8号在我国境内在举行。高考是中学毕业生进入几乎所有高校之前必须参加的考试。学生们通常在高三毕业后参加这场考试，尽管从2001年之后，对参加高考的考生已经取消了年龄限制。与20世纪90年代相比，现在高考的录取率已经高了出多，这也为更多人提供了接受高等教育的机会。TheNational College Entrance Examination(NCEE)isan academic examination created in1952and heldannuallyin thePeoplesRepublicofChinaon Junethe7thand8th.Thisexamination isa prerequisite for entrance into almost all higher education institutions at the undergraduatelevel. It is usually taken by students at the end of their last year of senior high school, thoughthere has been no age restriction since 2001. It is obvious that today' s admission rate is muchhigher than that before the 1990s, which offers the availability of higher education to morepeople.7中国新颁布的老年人保护法（elderlyprotectionlaw）规定，成年子女必须看望他们年迈的父母。年迈的28父母如果感觉被忽视了，可以把他们已成年的孩子告上法庭。法律没有说明子女必须看望父母的频率。法律中也没有说如何执行这项法律，忽略长辈如何惩罚。一位帮助起草老年人保护法草案的教授说，立法主要是为了提高人们对于老年人情感支持需要的意识。China's new elderly protection law states that adult children must visit theirelderly parents.Aging parents can take theiradult kids to court if theyfeel neglected.Thelawdoesnot statehowoftenachild mustvisithisorher parents.Thereisalso nothinginthelegislation that states how the law would be enforced and what the punishment is for neglectingone' s elderly relatives. A professor who helped draft the elderly protection law said that thelegislation is mainly designed toraisepeople's awareness that elderlypeople need emotionalsupport.8中国必须大力提高资源利用率，提高资源循环使用，加强废品的回收利用，来实现经济快速发展，同时不增加甚至减少原始资源的消耗，不增加甚至减少污染排放，不破坏甚至保护自然环境。发展循环经济是解决经济的快速增长和不断恶化的环境之间的矛盾的一项基本方法。经济发展需要良好的环境。经济快速增长与环境持续优化并存才是人类文明进步的标志

into international community in various aspects. At this historic moment, the international community is more focusing on China than ever before. People from all over the world are eager to have a more real, deeper, and more vivid understanding of Chinese culture. 5 中国始终奉行独立自主的原则。对于一切国际事务，都从中国和世界人民的根本利益出发， 根据事情本 身的是非曲直，决定自己的立场和政策，不屈从于任何外来压力。中国不同任 何大国或国家集团结盟，不搞 军事集团，不参加军备竞赛，不进行军事扩张。中国反对霸 权主义（hegemonism），维护世界和平。中国认 为，国家不分大小、强弱、贫富，都是国 际社会的平等一员。 China has all long adhered to the principle of independence. With regard to all international affairs, China will, proceeding from the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of the world, determine its stand and policy in the light of the rights and wrongs of the matter itself, without yielding to any outside pressure. China does not form an alliance with any big power or any group of big powers. Nor does China establish military blocs with other countries, or engage in arms race and military expansion. China opposes hegemonism and safeguards world peace. China believes that all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. 6 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（高考）于 1952 年开始实行，每年 6 月的 7、8 号在 我国境内在举行。 高考是中学毕业生进入几乎所有高校之前必须参加的考试。学生们通常 在高三毕业后参加这场考试，尽管从 2001 年之后，对参加高考的考生已经取消了年龄限制。 与 20 世纪 90 年代相比，现在高考的录取率已经高了 出多，这也为更多人提供了接受高 等教育的机会。 The National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) is an academic examination created in 1952 and held annually in the People’s Republic of China on June the 7th and 8th. This examination is a prerequisite for entrance into almost all higher education institutions at the undergraduate level. It is usually taken by students at the end of their last year of senior high school, though there has been no age restriction since 2001. It is obvious that today’s admission rate is much higher than that before the 1990s, which offers the availability of higher education to more people. 7 中国新颁布的老年人保护法（elderly protection law）规定，成年子女必须看望他们年迈 的父母。年迈的 28 父母如果感觉被忽视了，可以把他们已成年的孩子告上法庭。法律没有 说明子女必须看望父母的频率。法律 中也没有说如何执行这项法律，忽略长辈如何惩罚。 一位帮助起草老年人保护法草案的教授说，立法主要是 为了提高人们对于老年人情感支持 需要的意识。 China’s new elderly protection law states that adult children must visit their elderly parents. Aging parents can take their adult kids to court if they feel neglected. The law does not state how often a child must visit his or her parents. There is also nothing in the legislation that states how the law would be enforced and what the punishment is for neglecting one’s elderly relatives. A professor who helped draft the elderly protection law said that the legislation is mainly designed to raise people’s awareness that elderly people need emotional support. 8 中国必须大力提高资源利用率，提高资源循环使用，加强废品的回收利用，来实现经济快 速发展，同时 不增加甚至减少原始资源的消耗，不增加甚至减少污染排放，不破坏甚至保 护自然环境。发展循环经济是解 决经济的快速增长和不断恶化的环境之间的矛盾的一项基 本方法。经济发展需要良好的环境。经济快速增长 与环境持续优化并存才是人类文明进步 的标志

China must energetically raise its resource utilization rate, improve the recycling of resources,stress reprocessinganduseofwasteproducts,soastorealizerapidgrowthof itseconomywhilenot increasing or even reducing the consumption of primitive resources, not increasing or evenreducing pollutant dischargeand not damaging or even restoring the environment.Developingacircular economy is a fundamental way to solve the contradiction between rapid economicgrowth and the increasingly deteriorated environment.Economic growth needs goodenvironment.Only the coexistence of rapid economic growth and continuously upgradingenvironmentisthesymbol ofprogressofhumancivilization.9中国正加大努力减少经济高速发展带来的环境污染的影响，国务院宣布实施新措施以促进环境技术保护部门的发展。最近，环境灾难引发的社会动乱令政府警惕起来。目前，国务院宣布将加快一项计划的实施，以确保在2015年之前实现环保行业年增长15%。未来两年将提供7000多亿美元补贴，合格的国内外公司将享受税收减免待遇。China is steppingup efforts to reducethe impact of environmental pollution caused byrapideconomicexpansion.TheStateCouncil hasannouncednewmeasurestoboostthegrowthoftheenvironmentaltechnologyprotection sector.Thegovernment is alarmed by recent social unrestcausedbyenvironmentaldisasters.Now,theStateCouncilhasannouncedthatitwillacceleratean existingplanto ensuregrowthof the environmental protection industryby15% annuallyby2015.Overthe next two years,it will pay subsidiesworth more than s700 billion, and eligibleforeign,aswellasdomestic, companieswill receivetaxbreaks.10中国是一个历史悠久、文化灿烂的多民族（multiethnic）国家。中国有文字可考的历史可以追溯到4000多年前，是公认的四大文明古国之一。我国地域辽阔，人口众多，不同民族、不同职业和不同经历的人们有多样的生活习俗、文化传统和艺术爱好。各族人民在漫长的历史进程中共同创造了宝贵的文化遗产。保护文化遗产、繁荣民族文化，关系到每一个公民。China isa multiethnic countrywitha long historyand a splendid culture.With written recordsdating back over 4,oo0 years,China is recognized as oneof thefour great ancient civilizations ofthe world. China has a vast territory and a huge population. Our people are of many ethnicgroups, different professions and experiences, and they have varied customs, cultural traditionsand preference for art.People of all ethnic groups together have created the precious culturalrelics inthelong historical process.All citizens should be involved in theprotection of our culturalheritageandthedevelopmentofournationalculture11《水浒传》（OutlawsoftheMarsh）是一部描写农民起义（peasantrebellion）的长篇小说。作者施耐庵是元末明初人。他根据民间流传的北宋末年宋江起义的故事，写成了这部小说。全书主要描写了宋江领导的梁山农民起义从兴起到失败的过程，揭露了“官逼民反”的社会现实。书中成功地塑造了108位梁山好汉的英雄形象，歌颂（laud）了他们的无畏（dauntless）精神。书中的许多小故事至今令人百读不厌。Outlaws of theMarsh is anovelabout apeasant rebellion.TheauthorShi Nai'an lived inthe lateYuan and earlyMing dynasties.Based on folk stories about a peasant rebellion led by Song Jiangin the later years of the Song Dynasty, Shi wrote this novel. It describes the rise and fall of thepeasant rebellion in the area of Liangshan,uncovering the social realityofa rebellion of civiliansforced by persecution of officials.The novel successfully depicts 108 Liangshan heroes andheroinesand lauds theirdauntless spirit.Manyof the episodes in this novel remain vivid till now12宁波不仅是闻名中外的港口城市，而且是一座历史悠久的文化名城。1973年发现的河姆渡遗址（HemuduSite）证明这里是中华民族发祥地之一。宁波从唐代起就成为中国著名的

China must energetically raise its resource utilization rate, improve the recycling of resources, stress reprocessing and use of waste products, so as to realize rapid growth of its economy while not increasing or even reducing the consumption of primitive resources, not increasing or even reducing pollutant discharge and not damaging or even restoring the environment. Developing a circular economy is a fundamental way to solve the contradiction between rapid economic growth and the increasingly deteriorated environment. Economic growth needs good environment. Only the coexistence of rapid economic growth and continuously upgrading environment is the symbol of progress of human civilization. 9 中国正加大努力减少经济高速发展带来的环境污染的影响，国务院宣布实施新措施以促进 环境技术保护 部门的发展。最近，环境灾难引发的社会动乱令政府警惕起来。目前，国务 院宣布将加快一项计划的实施， 以确保在 2015 年之前实现环保行业年增长 15%。未来两 年将提供 7000 多亿美元补贴，合格的国内外公司将 享受税收减免待遇。 China is stepping up efforts to reduce the impact of environmental pollution caused by rapid economic expansion. The State Council has announced new measures to boost the growth of the environmental technology protection sector. The government is alarmed by recent social unrest caused by environmental disasters. Now, the State Council has announced that it will accelerate an existing plan to ensure growth of the environmental protection industry by 15% annually by 2015. Over the next two years, it will pay subsidies worth more than $700 billion, and eligible foreign, as well as domestic, companies will receive tax breaks. 10 中国是一个历史悠久、文化灿烂的多民族（multiethnic）国家。中国有文字可考的历史 可以追溯到 4000 多年前，是公认的四大文明古国之一。我国地域辽阔，人口众多，不同民 族、不同职业和不同经历的人们有 多样的生活习俗、文化传统和艺术爱好。各族人民在漫 长的历史进程中共同创造了宝贵的文化遗产。保护文 化遗产、繁荣民族文化，关系到每一 个公民。 China is a multiethnic country with a long history and a splendid culture. With written records dating back over 4,000 years, China is recognized as one of the four great ancient civilizations of the world. China has a vast territory and a huge population. Our people are of many ethnic groups, different professions and experiences, and they have varied customs, cultural traditions and preference for art. People of all ethnic groups together have created the precious cultural relics in the long historical process. All citizens should be involved in the protection of our cultural heritage and the development of our national culture. 11 《水浒传》（Outlaws of the Marsh）是一部描写农民起义（peasant rebellion）的长篇小说。 作者施耐庵 是元末明初人。他根据民间流传的北宋末年宋江起义的故事，写成了这部小说。 全书主要描写了宋江领导的 梁山农民起义从兴起到失败的过程，揭露了“官逼民反”的社 会现实。书中成功地塑造了 108 位梁山好汉的 英雄形象，歌颂（laud）了他们的无畏 （dauntless）精神。书中的许多小故事至今令人百读不厌。 Outlaws of the Marsh is a novel about a peasant rebellion. The author Shi Nai’an lived in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. Based on folk stories about a peasant rebellion led by Song Jiang in the later years of the Song Dynasty, Shi wrote this novel. It describes the rise and fall of the peasant rebellion in the area of Liangshan, uncovering the social reality of a rebellion of civilians forced by persecution of officials. The novel successfully depicts 108 Liangshan heroes and heroines and lauds their dauntless spirit. Many of the episodes in this novel remain vivid till now. 12 宁波不仅是闻名中外的港口城市，而且是一座历史悠久的文化名城。1973 年发现的河姆 渡遗址（Hemudu Site）证明这里是中华民族发祥地之一。宁波从唐代起就成为中国著名的

国际贸易港，与日本等国家关系密切。宁波中心区现今的城市结构与布局基本定型于宋朝。第一次鸦片战争（theFirstOpiumWar）后，宁波成为当时五个通商口岸之一。现仍保存着海运码头、海关等古迹。Ningbo is notonlyknown as aport citybothat homeand abroad,but alsoafamous cultural citywith a long history.The Hemudu Site, which was discovered in 1973,is now generallyacknowledged as one of the cradles of Chinese nation.Since the Tang Dynasty, Ningbo has beenknownasaninternationaltradeport,linkingChinawithJapanandothercountriesclosely.TheurbandistrictswithinthecitycenterofNingbotodaytookshapeintheSongDynasty.AftertheFirst Opium War, Ningbo became one of the five open ports for trade.The historical remains ofdocks and the custom houses of the past can still be seen today.13大熊猫是中国的国宝，是和平的象征。大熊猫也是一种世界濒危物种，极易受人类活动的影响。由于栖息地（habitat）遭到了破坏，它们的数量正在急剧下降。在中国，野外生存的大熊猫只有1000到1500只左右。它们生活在中国中部和西部的一些山区，主要包括四川、陕西和甘肃。世界范围内，有大约120只大熊猫生活在公园和育种中心。Panda, a symbol of peace, is the national treasure of China.Panda, which is an endangeredspecies,is extremelyvulnerable to human activities.Their numbers are dropping sharplyas theirhabitatisdestroyed.Thereareroughly1,o00-1,500pandasliving inthewildinChina.Theyonlylive in some mountainous areas in central and western China,mainly in Sichuan, Shaanxi andGansu Provinces.There are about 12o pandas living in zoos and breeding centers around theworld.14齐白石是中国当代最伟大的艺术家之一。他的绘画作品涉猎广泛，其中他画的花、鸟、鱼、虾（prawn）和虫受到广泛赞誉。为了提高画虾技巧，他在家里养了一些虾，而且经常观察它们的动作。齐白石风清骨傲。当时中国还在清王朝的统治之下，他拒绝为慈禧太后（EmpressDowagerCixi）画画：他还作画写诗讽刺当时腐败的官员、贪婪的商贾和可耻的卖国贼（traitor）。Qi Baishi is one of the most celebrated contemporaryChinese artists.The subjects ofhis paintingarewideandvarious,andtheflowers,birds,fishes,prawns,and insectshepaintedaremostlyadmired by public. In order to improve his technique of painting prawns, he raised some at homeand frequently observed their movements.Qi Baishi isa manof noble character.Once,whileChina was still under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, he refused to draw for the Empress Dowager CiXi. And he made paintings and wrote poems mocking corrupt officials, greedy merchants, andshameful traitors.15《西游记》（JourneytotheWest）是一部著名的神话长篇小说。明代吴承恩根据唐僧取经的故事和传说，创作了这部小说。小说描写了孙悟空（Monkey）、猪八戒（Pig）、沙和尚（Sandy）保护唐僧去西天取经的故事。他们一路上降妖伏魔，经历了81难（calamity），终于取回了真经。书中最吸引读者的形象是孙悟空，他机智勇敢，本领高强，深受人们喜爱。这部小说充满了奇特的幻想，表现出丰富的艺术想象力。Journey to the West is a renowned mythical novel. The author Wu Cheng' en of the MingDynasty wrote this novel in accordance with stories about Tang Seng,a monk of the Tang Dynastywho traveled to India to learn the Buddhist scriptures.Theauthor createda cast of figures likeMonkey, Pig and Sandy who escorted and protected Tang Seng on the way to the West. Theysubdued all kinds of demons during the journey and survived 81 calamities to eventuallybringbackthescriptures.Asthemostattractivefigureinthenovel,Monkeywascleverandbraveaswellas possessed thegreat power,whichmadehim inhighfavor withmost readers.Thenovel is

国际贸易港，与日本等国家关系密 切。宁波中心区现今的城市结构与布局基本定型于宋朝。 第一次鸦片战争（the First Opium War）后，宁波成 为当时五个通商口岸之一。现仍保存着 海运码头、海关等古迹。 Ningbo is not only known as a port city both at home and abroad, but also a famous cultural city with a long history. The Hemudu Site, which was discovered in 1973, is now generally acknowledged as one of the cradles of Chinese nation. Since the Tang Dynasty, Ningbo has been known as an international trade port, linking China with Japan and other countries closely. The urban districts within the city center of Ningbo today took shape in the Song Dynasty. After the First Opium War, Ningbo became one of the five open ports for trade. The historical remains of docks and the custom houses of the past can still be seen today. 13 大熊猫是中国的国宝，是和平的象征。大熊猫也是一种世界濒危物种，极易受人类活动 的影响。由于栖 息地（habitat）遭到了破坏，它们的数量正在急剧下降。在中国，野外生 存的大熊猫只有 1 000 到 1 500 只左 右。它们生活在中国中部和西部的一些山区，主要包 括四川、陕西和甘肃。世界范围内，有大约 120 只大熊 猫生活在公园和育种中心。 Panda, a symbol of peace, is the national treasure of China. Panda, which is an endangered species, is extremely vulnerable to human activities. Their numbers are dropping sharply as their habitat is destroyed. There are roughly 1,000-1,500 pandas living in the wild in China. They only live in some mountainous areas in central and western China, mainly in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces. There are about 120 pandas living in zoos and breeding centers around the world. 14 齐白石是中国当代最伟大的艺术家之一。他的绘画作品涉猎广泛，其中他画的花、鸟、 鱼、虾（prawn） 和虫受到广泛赞誉。为了提高画虾技巧，他在家里养了一些虾，而且经 常观察它们的动作。齐白石风清骨傲。 当时中国还在清王朝的统治之下，他拒绝为慈禧太 后（Empress Dowager Ci Xi）画画；他还作画写诗讽刺当 时腐败的官员、贪婪的商贾和可耻 的卖国贼（traitor）。 Qi Baishi is one of the most celebrated contemporary Chinese artists. The subjects of his painting are wide and various, and the flowers, birds, fishes, prawns, and insects he painted are mostly admired by public. In order to improve his technique of painting prawns, he raised some at home and frequently observed their movements. Qi Baishi is a man of noble character. Once, while China was still under the rule of the Qing Dynasty, he refused to draw for the Empress Dowager Ci Xi. And he made paintings and wrote poems mocking corrupt officials, greedy merchants, and shameful traitors. 15 《西游记》（Journey to the West）是一部著名的神话长篇小说。明代吴承恩根据唐僧取 经的故事和传说， 创作了这部小说。小说描写了孙悟空（Monkey）、猪八戒（Pig）、沙和尚 （Sandy）保护唐僧去西天取经的故 事。他们一路上降妖伏魔，经历了 81 难（calamity）， 终于取回了真经。书中最吸引读者的形象是孙悟空，他 机智勇敢，本领高强，深受人们喜 爱。这部小说充满了奇特的幻想，表现出丰富的艺术想象力。 Journey to the West is a renowned mythical novel. The author Wu Cheng’en of the Ming Dynasty wrote this novel in accordance with stories about Tang Seng, a monk of the Tang Dynasty who traveled to India to learn the Buddhist scriptures. The author created a cast of figures like Monkey, Pig and Sandy who escorted and protected Tang Seng on the way to the West. They subdued all kinds of demons during the journey and survived 81 calamities to eventually bring back the scriptures. As the most attractive figure in the novel, Monkey was clever and brave as well as possessed the great power, which made him in high favor with most readers. The novel is

full offantasies that indicatetheauthors abundant imagination.16外滩（TheShanghaiBund）是上海市中心的一个区域，全长1.5公里，位于中山路上，沿黄浦江西岸蛇蜓而下，面向浦东。外滩通常指的是这条路上的建筑和码头以及一些相邻的区域。它是上海最著名的旅游观光的目的地，该处建筑物的高度受到严格限制。上海外滩拥有大量的历史建筑，这些建筑曾经是无数的银行和商行的根据地。外滩上的建筑风格各异，形成了一道靓丽的风景线。TheShanghaiBundisawaterfrontarea incentralShanghaiwith the length of 1.5kms.The area centres on a section of Zhongshan Road, which runs alongthe western bank of the Huangpu River, facing Pudong.The Bund 31 usually refers to thebuildings and wharves on this section of the road, as well as some adjacent areas.It is one ofthemost famous tourist destinations in Shanghai.Building heights are restricted in this area.TheShanghai Bund has dozens of historicalbuildings that once housed numerous banks and tradinghouses.The Bund houses buildings are of various architectural styles,which have formed auniqueandbeautiful sceneryline.17飞速发展的经济引发了中国的旅游热潮。目前看来，东南亚是最受欢迎的目的地。中国团队游的激增，成为这一地区重要的收入来源。大批的中国人正在作为旅游者走出国门，从而引发了前所未有的旅游热潮。如果目前的预测准确，全球的旅游业需要马上接受有关中国的各种培训，以满足很有可能成为有史以来最大的一次国际旅游热潮的需求。：China”s rapid economicgrowthhasfosteredatourist boomamong Chinese,with Southeast Asia thefavorite destination, at least for now.The surge in package tour from China becomes animportant source of incomefor the region.A large number of Chinese are leaving their country astourists, resulting in an unparalleled explosion in Chinese travel. if current projections are met,the global tourism industry will be undergoing a crash course in everything about China toaccommodatetheneedsof whatpromisestobethegreatestwaveof internationaltravelers ever.18中国农村人口占相当大的比例。他们的收入远低于城镇居民，抗风险能力较差，但是长期以来，他们却不能像城镇居民一样享受基本的医疗保障。为此，我国正在推行一项前所未有的计划：用8年时间，在全国农村基本建立起新型的合作医疗制度，以解决所有农民的医疗保障问题，使他们不必再为看不起病而犯愁。经济发达的浙江省已率先实行这一制度。In China, the rural population accounts for a large portion.They were not entitled, for a verylong period of time, to the basic medical service like urban citizens, although they were morevulnerable to risks because of their far lower income. Thus, an unprecedented project is launchedinChinatobuildanewcooperativemedicaresystemwithin8years inruralareas,whichwillcover all the farmers and free them from worries of being unable to afford a cure.The advancedZhejiangProvincehastakenaleadinemployingthenewsystem.19气功（Qigong）是中国的一种非常神奇的调节身心的锻炼方式。与中国功夫一样，气功有着悠久的历史，广为流传。气功的发展大约有4000~5000年的历史。据说，早期的气功是一种用于治疗肢体功能障碍的舞蹈。自中华人民共和国城里以来，气功得到进一步发展，主要用于康复和保健，成为医学、生理学、生物化学等学科的重要学习科目。Qigongis China' s most intriguing mental and physical exercise. Like Chinese martial arts, qigong has along history and enjoys wide popularity.It is believed that qigong dates back to about 4,ooo to5,oo0yearsandits earliestformcan bea certainkind ofremedydancedesignedandpracticedtoadjust human body functions. Since the founding of the People' s Republic of China, qigong hasbeen further developedfor healing andhealth preservation 32 purpose,and has been studied asan important subject not just within medicine, but also in physiology and biochemistry.20少林功夫（ShaolinKongfu）是中国武术文化的象征。中国武术是中国古代人民在历代

full of fantasies that indicate the author’s abundant imagination. 16 外滩（The Shanghai Bund）是上海市中心的一个区域，全长 1.5 公里，位于中山路上， 沿黄浦江西岸蜿 蜒而下，面向浦东。外滩通常指的是这条路上的建筑和码头以及一些相邻 的区域。它是上海最著名的旅游观 光的目的地，该处建筑物的高度受到严格限制。上海外 滩拥有大量的历史建筑，这些建筑曾经是无数的银行 和商行的根据地。外滩上的建筑风格 各异，形成了一道靓丽的风景线。 The Shanghai Bund is a waterfront area in central Shanghai, with the length of 1.5kms. The area centres on a section of Zhongshan Road, which runs along the western bank of the Huangpu River, facing Pudong. The Bund 31 usually refers to the buildings and wharves on this section of the road, as well as some adjacent areas. It is one of the most famous tourist destinations in Shanghai. Building heights are restricted in this area. The Shanghai Bund has dozens of historical buildings that once housed numerous banks and trading houses. The Bund houses buildings are of various architectural styles, which have formed a unique and beautiful scenery line. 17 飞速发展的经济引发了中国的旅游热潮。目前看来，东南亚是最受欢迎的目的地。中国 团队游的激增， 成为这一地区重要的收入来源。大批的中国人正在作为旅游者走出国门， 从而引发了前所未有的旅游热潮。 如果目前的预测准确，全球的旅游业需要马上接受有关 中国的各种培训，以满足很有可能成为有史以来最大 的一次国际旅游热潮的需求。 China’ s rapid economic growth has fostered a tourist boom among Chinese, with Southeast Asia the favorite destination, at least for now. The surge in package tour from China becomes an important source of income for the region. A large number of Chinese are leaving their country as tourists, resulting in an unparalleled explosion in Chinese travel. If current projections are met, the global tourism industry will be undergoing a crash course in everything about China to accommodate the needs of what promises to be the greatest wave of international travelers ever. 18 中国农村人口占相当大的比例。他们的收入远低于城镇居民，抗风险能力较差，但是长 期以来，他们却 不能像城镇居民一样享受基本的医疗保障。为此，我国正在推行一项前所 未有的计划：用 8 年时间，在全国 农村基本建立起新型的合作医疗制度，以解决所有农民 的医疗保障问题，使他们不必再为看不起病而犯愁。 经济发达的浙江省已率先实行这一制 度。 In China, the rural population accounts for a large portion. They were not entitled, for a very long period of time, to the basic medical service like urban citizens, although they were more vulnerable to risks because of their far lower income. Thus, an unprecedented project is launched in China to build a new cooperative medicare system within 8 years in rural areas, which will cover all the farmers and free them from worries of being unable to afford a cure. The advanced Zhejiang Province has taken a lead in employing the new system . 19 气功（Qigong）是中国的一种非常神奇的调节身心的锻炼方式。与中国功夫一样，气功 有着悠久的历史， 广为流传。气功的发展大约有 4000~5000 年的历史。据说，早期的气 功是一种用于治疗肢体功能障碍的舞蹈。 自中华人民共和国城里以来，气功得到进一步发 展，主要用于康复和保健，成为医学、生理学、生物化学等 学科的重要学习科目。 Qigong is China’s most intriguing mental and physical exercise. Like Chinese martial arts, qigong has a long history and enjoys wide popularity. It is believed that qigong dates back to about 4,000 to 5,000 years and its earliest form can be a certain kind of remedy dance designed and practiced to adjust human body functions. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, qigong has been further developed for healing and health preservation 32 purpose, and has been studied as an important subject not just within medicine, but also in physiology and biochemistry. 20 少林功夫（Shaolin Kongfu）是中国武术文化的象征。中国武术是中国古代人民在历代

战争活动中，以生命为代价积累起来的，以攻防格斗的人体动作为核心、以套路为基本单位，并在中国特定的文化环境中逐步形成的文化表现形式。因而，中国武术已经成为中国传统文化的重要组成部分，其中包含极其丰富的中国古代思想（哲学、道德、兵法、医学、宗教等）。ShaolinKongfuisconsideredthesymbolofChinesemartial,whichwasaccumulatedby ancient Chinese people at the price of their lives in the war activities. Chinese martial arts,whose core is the body actions ofattacking and defending during a combat,and whosebasic unitis systematical action routine, has been gradually shaped into a culturemanifestation form in theenvironment of unique Chinese culture.Therefore, it has become an essential component ofChinese traditional culture. Besides, it contains abundant ancient Chinese spirit, such asphilosophy,morality,military,medicine and religionandsoon.21豫剧，以前曾被称为“河南郝子”，是中国著名的剧种之一，与京剧、越剧、黄梅戏和评剧齐名。河南省是豫剧的发源地。豫剧最早形成于明末清初，但很难追溯它的具体起源，关于它的起源也众说纷绘。豫剧最常演出的区域是在黄河和淮河流域。除了河南之外，在其他的省份，比如湖北、安徽、江苏等地也有专业的豫剧剧团。Yuopera,formerlyknownasHenan bangzi, is one of China's famous national opera forms,alongside Peking opera,Yuejuopera, Huangmei opera and Pingju opera.Henan province is the origin of Yu opera.Yu operacame intobeing during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.However, the origin of Yu operawas hard to trace, and the sayings about its origin were different.The area where Yu opera ismost commonly performed is in the region surrounding the Yellow River and Huai River. Apartfrom Henan,provinces suchas Hubei, Anhui,and Jiangsu,all haveprofessional Yuopera troupes.22蒙古包（Theyurt）是蒙古游牧民（nomads）的传统住所。传统的蒙古包由张开的木制原形框架支撑羊毛毡顶（feltcover）组成。羊毛毡由取自于陪伴牧人的羊群身上的毛制成。蒙古包的尺寸和相对重量各有不同，通常高约2.5米，直径4米，门朝南或朝东南。蒙古包的内部结构和装饰往往反映了家庭成员和精神理念的传统地位。蒙古包易于拆卸和搬运，这使得牧民们能够方便地迁和安家。The yurt is thetraditional dwellingof theMongolian nomads.Traditional yurts consist of an expanding wooden circular framecarryingafelt cover.Thefelt ismadefromthewooloftheflocks of sheepthataccompanythepastoralistsThey vary from different sizes, and relative weight, usually with a height of about 2.5 metres anda diameter of 4 metres, with the door always facing south or southeast.The internalorganisationand furnishing mirror 33the traditional roles of the familymembers as well as their spiritualconcepts. A yurt is designed to be dismantled and carried compactly, which allows nomads tomoveandsettledownonanothersite.23吊脚楼（Stilthouses）是由柱子支撑的、位于地面或者水面上的建筑。支撑吊脚楼的柱子长度各异，传统的吊脚楼的柱子从半米到五六米不等。吊脚楼最早是为了抵御野兽和洪水的袭击，同时也是为了防贼和便于通风。中国少数民族的吊脚楼多依山就势而建，朝向多坐西向东或坐东向西。吊脚楼下层背阴的空间常用作工作区域或者储放杂物。Stilthouses are houses raised on pillars over the surface of theground or a body of water.Thelengthof pillars may varywidely;pillars of traditional stilthouses canbemeasuredfrom half metreto5or 6 metres.Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against wild animals and floods, butalso serve to deter thieves, and for added ventilation. The stilt houses of Chinese minorities areusually built down the hillside, facing the east or west. The shady space under the house can beusedforworkor storage.24在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚（inkslab），即人们所说的文房四宝”（FourTreasuresoftheStudy），对中华文明的传承起了重要的作用。“文房四宝”品类繁多，其选材制作也不断趋于完善

战争活动中，以生 命为代价积累起来的，以攻防格斗的人体动作为核心、以套路为基本单 位，并在中国特定的文化环境中逐步 形成的文化表现形式。因而，中国武术已经成为中国 传统文化的重要组成部分，其中包含极其丰富的中国古 代思想（哲学、道德、兵法、医学、 宗教等）。 Shaolin Kongfu is considered the symbol of Chinese martial, which was accumulated by ancient Chinese people at the price of their lives in the war activities. Chinese martial arts, whose core is the body actions of attacking and defending during a combat, and whose basic unit is systematical action routine, has been gradually shaped into a culture manifestation form in the environment of unique Chinese culture. Therefore, it has become an essential component of Chinese traditional culture. Besides, it contains abundant ancient Chinese spirit, such as philosophy, morality, military, medicine and religion and so on. 21 豫剧，以前曾被称为“河南梆子”，是中国著名的剧种之一，与京剧、越剧、黄梅戏和 评剧齐名。河南 省是豫剧的发源地。豫剧最早形成于明末清初，但很难追溯它的具体起源， 关于它的起源也众说纷纭。豫剧 最常演出的区域是在黄河和淮河流域。除了河南之外，在 其他的省份，比如湖北、安徽、江苏等地也有专业 的豫剧剧团。 Yu opera, formerly known as Henan bangzi, is one of China’s famous national opera forms, alongside Peking opera, Yueju opera, Huangmei opera and Pingju opera. Henan province is the origin of Yu opera. Yu opera came into being during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. However, the origin of Yu opera was hard to trace, and the sayings about its origin were different. The area where Yu opera is most commonly performed is in the region surrounding the Yellow River and Huai River. Apart from Henan, provinces such as Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu, all have professional Yu opera troupes. 22 蒙古包（The yurt）是蒙古游牧民（nomads）的传统住所。传统的蒙古包由张开的木制 原形框架支撑羊 毛毡顶（felt cover）组成。羊毛毡由取自于陪伴牧人的羊群身上的毛制成。 蒙古包的尺寸和相对重量各有不 同，通常高约 2.5 米，直径 4 米，门朝南或朝东南。蒙 古包的内部结构和装饰往往反映了家庭成员和精神理 念的传统地位。蒙古包易于拆卸和搬 运，这使得牧民们能够方便地迁徙和安家。 The yurt is the traditional dwelling of the Mongolian nomads. Traditional yurts consist of an expanding wooden circular frame carrying a felt cover. The felt is made from the wool of the flocks of sheep that accompany the pastoralists. They vary from different sizes, and relative weight, usually with a height of about 2.5 metres and a diameter of 4 metres, with the door always facing south or southeast. The internal organisation and furnishing mirror 33 the traditional roles of the family members as well as their spiritual concepts. A yurt is designed to be dismantled and carried compactly, which allows nomads to move and settle down on another site. 23 吊脚楼（Stilt houses）是由柱子支撑的、位于地面或者水面上的建筑。支撑吊脚楼的柱 子长度各异，传 统的吊脚楼的柱子从半米到五六米不等。吊脚楼最早是为了抵御野兽和洪 水的袭击，同时也是为了防贼和便 于通风。中国少数民族的吊脚楼多依山就势而建，朝向 多坐西向东或坐东向西。吊脚楼下层背阴的空间常用 作工作区域或者储放杂物。 Stilt houses are houses raised on pillars over the surface of the ground or a body of water. The length of pillars may vary widely; pillars of traditional stilt houses can be measured from half metre to 5 or 6 metres. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against wild animals and floods, but also serve to deter thieves, and for added ventilation. The stilt houses of Chinese minorities are usually built down the hillside, facing the east or west. The shady space under the house can be used for work or storage. 24 在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚（ink slab），即人们所说的“文房四宝”（Four Treasures of the Study）， 对中华 文明的传承起了重要的作用。“文房四宝”品类繁多，其选材制作也不断趋于完善

精美。“文房四宝”不仅有实用价值，它们本身也是供人们观赏的艺术品。在当今时代，使用“文房四宝”进行学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画以及收藏活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。InChina，“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”，namely,writingbrush, ink stick, paper and ink slab, play an important role in inheriting Chinese civilisation. Thereis a large variety of these“Four Treasures of the Study".Selecting of materials and makingprocess have become increasingly delicate and perfect. They not only have their value of practicaluse,butalsobecometheworksofartforappreciation.Incontemporarytime,“FourTreasuresof the Studyhavebeen increasingly rarelyusedforstudy or writing,but theyarestill playing anirreplaceablerole in thefields of Chinese calligraphy,painting and collection activities.25中国服饰文化指的是中国的汉族和各少数民族的传统服饰文化。中国是一个有56个民族的国家，由于受到各民族文化、传统和地理特征的影响，各民族的服饰风格各不相同。另一方面，中国各民族在穿衣风格上也相互渗透并互相影响。服装式样是各民族的重要标志。各民族服装的变化显示了其经济生活、宗教信仰、理想信念、审美情趣和风俗习惯的发展。ChinesecostumeculturereferstothetraditionalcultureofcostumesoftheHansandtheethnicminorities.China is a country consisting of 56 ethnicgroups, andeach of themhas its ownclothing style with distinct ethnic characteristics due to the influence of different cultures,tradition,andgeographicalfeatures.Ontheotherhand,theyhaveinfluencedandlearnedfromoneanother in theway ofdressing.Dresses are the important symbols ofthe ethnicgroups.Thechanges of clothing manifest the development of an ethnic group' s economic life, religious belief,ideology,aestheticconsciousnessandcustoms.3426中国的餐桌礼仪最重要的原则是“食不言”。吃饭不讲话被认为有益健康。但若是参加社交的宴会，不语就失礼了。社交宴会上的座次和上菜次序很复杂。每上一道菜要由尊者或长者先食，他一般坐于桌首位置。开饭后要尽量坐得靠前，以免掉落食物弄脏衣服，吃的时候尽量不要发出声响。此外，喝汤的时候不可过快，应尽量小声。Themostimportantroleof Chinese table manners is to remain silent while eating.Not talking over meals is supposed tobegood for health.However,it is impolite if peopledonot talk to each other during a socialbanquet. The table arrangements and serving order for a social banquet are extremelycomplicated.Each dish should be first tasted by the eldest person who is seated at the head ofthetable.The diners should sit close to the table so that food won't drop on their clothes. Onemusttryhisbestnottomakenoisewhenchewing.Inaddition,oneshoulddrinksoupslowlyandisnotsupposedtomakealotofnoise.27中国人非常友好，他们的待客之道就是把最好的东西拿出来招待客人。到中国人家里做客总感觉他们招待得很隆重：上一大桌菜，不停地为客人夹菜，想方设法让客人吃得尽兴。即便做了一大桌子菜，他们还是会说：“没什么东西，凑合吃吧。”有些人家还会让孩子给客人表演唱歌或者背诵诗歌。Chinesepeopleareveryfriendlyandtheyusuallybringouttheirbestfoodto welcometheguests.Onealways feels spoiled tobea guest ina Chinese household.The host usually prepares a sumptuous meal and keeps putting food on the guest's plate, tryingeverymeans to give theguest a pleasant meal.Even though there would be a lot of food on thetable, the host would still say“We don't havemuch, so please bear with us."Some hosts evenasktheir children to sing a song or recite a poem for the guest.28扇子在中国文化中有着特别的含义。名贵的扇子多用檀香木作扇骨，绢或纸作扇面。扇子曾是中国女人的至爱。在二十世纪三四十年代拍摄的老电影中，上海滩女子几乎人手一扇，扇子或许是女人用来表现优雅的最好的道具。男人也用扇子，扇面的内容多为山水园林或名人题字等。借着这样的扇子，男人表现的是身价和气质。Fanshavespecialmeanings

精美。“文房四宝”不仅 有实用价值，它们本身也是供人们观赏的艺术品。在当今时代，使 用“文房四宝”进行学习、写作的人越来 越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画以及收藏活 动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。 In China, “Four Treasures of the Study”, namely, writing brush, ink stick, paper and ink slab, play an important role in inheriting Chinese civilisation. There is a large variety of these “Four Treasures of the Study”. Selecting of materials and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect. They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for appreciation. In contemporary time, “Four Treasures of the Study” have been increasingly rarely used for study or writing, but they are still playing an irreplaceable role in the fields of Chinese calligraphy, painting and collection activities. 25 中国服饰文化指的是中国的汉族和各少数民族的传统服饰文化。中国是一个有 56 个民 族的国家，由于 受到各民族文化、传统和地理特征的影响，各民族的服饰风格各不相同。 另一方面，中国各民族在穿衣风格 上也相互渗透并互相影响。服装式样是各民族的重要标 志。各民族服装的变化显示了其经济生活、宗教信仰、 理想信念、审美情趣和风俗习惯的 发展。 Chinese costume culture refers to the traditional culture of costumes of the Hans and the ethnic minorities. China is a country consisting of 56 ethnic groups, and each of them has its own clothing style with distinct ethnic characteristics due to the influence of different cultures, tradition, and geographical features. On the other hand, they have influenced and learned from one another in the way of dressing. Dresses are the important symbols of the ethnic groups. The changes of clothing manifest the development of an ethnic group’s economic life, religious belief, ideology, aesthetic consciousness and customs. 34 26 中国的餐桌礼仪最重要的原则是“食不言”。吃饭不讲话被认为有益健康。但若是参加社 交的宴会，不 语就失礼了。社交宴会上的座次和上菜次序很复杂。每上一道菜要由尊者或 长者先食，他一般坐于桌首位置。 开饭后要尽量坐得靠前，以免掉落食物弄脏衣服，吃的 时候尽量不要发出声响。此外，喝汤的时候不可过快，应尽量小声。The most important role of Chinese table manners is to remain silent while eating. Not talking over meals is supposed to be good for health. However, it is impolite if people do not talk to each other during a social banquet. The table arrangements and serving order for a social banquet are extremely complicated. Each dish should be first tasted by the eldest person who is seated at the head of the table. The diners should sit close to the table so that food won’t drop on their clothes. One must try his best not to make noise when chewing. In addition, one should drink soup slowly and is not supposed to make a lot of noise. 27 中国人非常友好，他们的待客之道就是把最好的东西拿出来招待客人。到中国人家里做 客总感觉他们招 待得很隆重：上一大桌菜，不停地为客人夹菜，想方设法让客人吃得尽兴。 即便做了一大桌子菜，他们还是 会说：“没什么东西，凑合吃吧。”有些人家还会让孩子给 客人表演唱歌或者背诵诗歌。 Chinese people are very friendly, and they usually bring out their best food to welcome the guests. One always feels spoiled to be a guest in a Chinese household. The host usually prepares a sumptuous meal and keeps putting food on the guest’s plate, trying every means to give the guest a pleasant meal. Even though there would be a lot of food on the table, the host would still say “We don’t have much, so please bear with us.” Some hosts even ask their children to sing a song or recite a poem for the guest. 28 扇子在中国文化中有着特别的含义。名贵的扇子多用檀香木作扇骨，绢或纸作扇面。扇 子曾是中国女人 的至爱。在二十世纪三四十年代拍摄的老电影中，上海滩女子几乎人手一 扇，扇子或许是女人用来表现优雅 的最好的道具。男人也用扇子，扇面的内容多为山水园 林或名人题字等。借着这样的扇子，男人表现的是身 价和气质。 Fans have special meanings

in Chineseculture.The structure ofthe valuable fans is oftenmade of sandalwood,andthefacesare made of silk or paper. Fans used to be a favourite item for women in China. In the movies ofthe1930sand194Os,fansareveryvisiblearticlesforShanghaiwomen.Fansareprobablythemost appropriate expressions of female elegance. Men also use fans, the faces of which arealways painted with landscapes, gardens or inscriptions of the celebrities, to express their socialstatusandtemperament.29京剧（PekingOpera）被称为中国的国剧，起源于18世纪晚期，是将音乐、舞蹈和艺术综合于一体的戏剧。在中国，京剧是最具影响力和代表性的戏曲，它有着200多年的历史，是中华民族的瑰宝。京剧剧目（repertoire）主要讲述前朝的传说和故事，其中包括重要的历史事件和王侯将相的故事。京剧有着丰富的剧3536目，众多的表演艺术家和大批的观众，对中国的戏曲有着深远的影响。PekingOpera,known asChina'snationalopera,originatedin the late 18th century. It is a synthesis of music, dance and art. Peking Opera, which is anationaltreasurewithahistoryof over2ooyears, is themost influentialand representative ofalloperas in China.The repertoire of Peking Opera is mainly engaged in the legend and stories ofpreceding dynasties, including thoseof the important historical events,emperors,ministers andgenerals. Based on its rich repertoire and a large number of artists and audience, Peking OperahasexerteddeepinfluenceovertheoperasinChina30国家大剧院（TheNationalGrandTheatre），昵称“巨蛋”，位于天安门广场以西，临近故宫，是一个艺术中心，它的三个大厅能够容纳5，000多人。国家大剧院由钛玻璃（titanium）和玻璃组成的椭圆形（ellipsoid）穹顶构成，四周环绕着一个人工湖。据说，它看起来就像是漂浮在水上的一个蛋，或者像一个水滴。它由法国建筑师保罗·安德鲁（PaulAndreu）设计，于2001年12月份开工，在2007年12月举办了竣工音乐会。TheNationalGrandTheatre, which is colloquially described as The Giant Egg, locates immediately to the west ofTiananmen Square,and neartheForbidden City.It isan operahousewhichcanseatover5,oo0people in three halls.The Centre, covered by an ellipsoid dome of titanium and glass, issurrounded byan artificial lake.It is said to look likean egg floating on water,ora water drop.ItwasdesignedbyaFrencharchitect calledPaulAndreu.Construction started inDecember2001and the inaugural concert was held in December2007

in Chinese culture. The structure of the valuable fans is often made of sandalwood, and the faces are made of silk or paper. Fans used to be a favourite item for women in China. In the movies of the 1930s and 1940s, fans are very visible articles for Shanghai women. Fans are probably the most appropriate expressions of female elegance. Men also use fans, the faces of which are always painted with landscapes, gardens or inscriptions of the celebrities, to express their social status and temperament. 29 京剧（Peking Opera）被称为中国的国剧，起源于 18 世纪晚期，是将音乐、舞蹈和艺术 综合于一体的戏 剧。在中国，京剧是最具影响力和代表性的戏曲，它有着 200 多年的历史， 是中华民族的瑰宝。京剧剧目 （repertoire）主要讲述前朝的传说和故事，其中包括重要的 历史事件和王侯将相的故事。京剧有着丰富的剧 35 36 目，众多的表演艺术家和大批的观 众，对中国的戏曲有着深远的影响。Peking Opera, known as China’s national opera, originated in the late 18th century. It is a synthesis of music, dance and art. Peking Opera, which is a national treasure with a history of over 200 years, is the most influential and representative of all operas in China. The repertoire of Peking Opera is mainly engaged in the legend and stories of preceding dynasties, including those of the important historical events, emperors, ministers and generals. Based on its rich repertoire and a large number of artists and audience, Peking Opera has exerted deep influence over the operas in China. 30 国家大剧院（The National Grand Theatre），昵称“巨蛋”，位于天安门广场以西，临近故 宫，是一个艺 术中心，它的三个大厅能够容纳 5，000 多人。国家大剧院由钛玻璃（titanium） 和玻璃组成的椭圆形（ellipsoid） 穹顶构成，四周环绕着一个人工湖。据说，它看起来就像 是漂浮在水上的一个蛋，或者像一个水滴。它由法 国建筑师保罗·安德鲁（Paul Andreu） 设计，于 2001 年 12 月份开工，在 2007 年 12 月举办了竣工音乐会。 The National Grand Theatre, which is colloquially described as The Giant Egg, locates immediately to the west of Tiananmen Square, and near the Forbidden City. It is an opera house which can seat over 5,000 people in three halls. The Centre, covered by an ellipsoid dome of titanium and glass, is surrounded by an artificial lake. It is said to look like an egg floating on water, or a water drop. It was designed by a French architect called Paul Andreu. Construction started in December 2001 and the inaugural concert was held in December 2007