延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，汉译英）Chinese-English Translation 第三章 A Contrastive Study Between English and Chinese（I）

Chapter 3 A Contrastive Study Between English and Chinese() A Contrastive Study of Differences in Thought Patterns Between English and chinese From the angle of translatology, translation includes thought level, semantic level and aesthetic level. But thought level is the basis and precondition upon which the other levels are built. So in this chapter we shall trace back cultural backgrounds contributing to differences in thought patterns between English and Chinese

Chapter 3 A Contrastive Study Between English and Chinese(I)  A Contrastive Study of Differences in Thought Patterns Between English and Chinese  From the angle of translatology, translation includes thought level, semantic level and aesthetic level. But thought level is the basis and precondition upon which the other levels are built. So in this chapter we shall trace back cultural backgrounds contributing to differences in thought patterns between English and Chinese

I Synthetic thought VS. Analytic Thought Synthetic thought inclines to combine separate parts of an object or idea into a unity, and integrate its qualities, relations and the like While analytic thought inclines to disintegrate a unity into small parts or separate its qualities, relations and the like

 I. Synthetic thought VS. Analytic Thought  Synthetic thought:  inclines to combine separate parts of an object or idea into a unity, and integrate its qualities, relations and the like.  While analytic thought :  inclines to disintegrate a unity into small parts or separate its qualities, relations and the like

Both synthetic thought and analytic thought are basic forms of human thought. They are associated with each other There is no nation in the world that only has synthetic thought or analytic one. It is due to the influence of traditional culture that Chinese people are well developed in synthesis and English-speaking people are well developed in analysis. (See student's book P. 27)

 Both synthetic thought and analytic thought are basic forms of human thought. They are associated with each other. There is no nation in the world that only has synthetic thought or analytic one. It is due to the influence of traditional culture that Chinese people are well developed in synthesis and English-speaking people are well developed in analysis. (See student’s book P.27)

I Intuition vs, Evidence 1. Intuition Chinese recognize the world from the point of view of entirety instead of practical analysis. They tend to perceive it from intuition E 3. Among traditional ancient Chinese religions, Confucianism, Taoism and Chinese Buddhism regardless of their dissimilation (F), all suggests understanding the objects by insightful有深刻见解的,富有 洞察力的 intuition. Chinese signify(表示) an emphasis on direct experiences, and tend to stick to empiricism經驗主 義 in theory

 II. Intuition VS. Evidence  1. Intuition  Chinese recognize the world from the point of view of entirety instead of practical analysis. They tend to perceive it from intuition直觉. Among traditional ancient Chinese religions, Confucianism, Taoism and Chinese Buddhism, regardless of their dissimilation （异化）, all suggests understanding the objects by insightful有深刻见解的, 富有 洞察力的intuition. Chinese signify（表示） an emphasis on direct experiences, and tend to stick to empiricism 經驗主 義in theory

Therefore they achieve intuitive comprehension and insight which is very difficult to explain in words, only to be sensed by the mind and does not allow people to understand an object very clearly. For example in Chinese traditional religions, concepts like“天”“道”“气”“理”are quite ambiguous and unclear 2. Evidence(See students book P. 29)

 Therefore they achieve intuitive comprehension and insight, which is very difficult to explain in words, only to be sensed by the mind and does not allow people to understand an object very clearly. For example in Chinese traditional religions, concepts like “天” “道” “气” “理” are quite ambiguous and unclear.  2. Evidence (See student’s book P.29)

ll.Image Thought and Abstract Thought (Figurative Thinking VS. Logical Thinking)(杨元刚编著) Image thought is a psychological process in which human beings analyze, synthesize( ErX)and remake memory presentations in brain so as to form new ones. It is a special form of thought namely, imagination For example once we think of an acquaintance, his or her look would appear at once at our brains Abstract Thought also called logical thought, is a mental process in which concept is used for judging and inferring

 III. Image Thought and Abstract Thought (Figurative Thinking VS. Logical Thinking) （杨元刚编著）  Image thought  is a psychological process in which human beings analyze, synthesize ( 合成) and remake memory presentations in brain so as to form new ones. It is a special form of thought, namely, imagination.  For example once we think of an acquaintance, his or her look would appear at once at our brains.  Abstract Thought  also called logical thought, is a mental process in which concept is used for judging and inferring

Image thought and abstract thought are two forms of thought activities. Generally speaking, Chinese people are well developed in image thought, while English people are well developed in abstract thought Chinese characters are featured by pictograph 象形字 indicative character 指事字 associative character 会意字 morpneme-pnonetic character, 形声字 etc

 Image thought and abstract thought are two forms of thought activities. Generally speaking, Chinese people are well developed in  image thought,  while English people are well developed in  abstract thought.  Chinese characters are featured by  pictograph,  象形字  indicative character,  指事字  associative character,  会意字  morpheme-phonetic character,  形声字  etc

For example, 人 symbolizes a person standing straight, and four dots in 雨 represents rain drops 上、下 从、森 ■烤、河、江

 For example,  “人”  symbolizes a person standing straight, and four dots in  “雨”  represents rain drops.  上、下、一、二、三  从、森  烤、河、江

Compared with Chinese characters, the basis of the English is abstract letters which have great influence on the westerners thought patterns. As a result of the different thought patterns concrete nouns instead of abstract ones are usually used in Chinese, while in English abstract nouns are widely used. EXamples are as follows

 Compared with Chinese characters, the basis of the English is  abstract letters,  which have great influence on the westerners’’ thought patterns. As a result of “the different thought patterns  concrete nouns  instead of abstract ones are usually used in Chinese, while in English,  abstract nouns  are widely used”. Examples are as follows:

1)花园里面是人间乐园,有的是吃不完的大米白面, 穿不完的绫罗绸缎和花不完的金银财宝 The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent

 1)花园里面是人间乐园，有的是吃不完的大米白面， 穿不完的绫罗绸缎和花不完的金银财宝。  The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent