延安大学：《翻译理论与实践》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿，英译汉）Translation：Theory and Practice 第六章 Translation of English passive into Chinese

Chapter 6 Translation of English passive into Chinese 工, Reasons ·Ⅱ English passive Syntactic passive(结构被动) Notiona| passive(意义被动) / E.g 1) She dressed beautifully. (She is dressed beautifully. 2) These products sell like hot cakes (These products are sold like hot cakes.)

Chapter 6 Translation of English passive into Chinese • Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. )

·Ⅲ. Chinese passive Marked passive Unmarked passive Ⅳ,E- C Translation 1,E:译为C的主动句或 Unmarked passive 2.E:译为C的 Marked passive 3.E:译为C的被动句的转化形式( Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure)

• Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

1 The passive is preferred in both english and chinese when the agent is unknown and can not be easily specified(明确说明), for example, a. Ten people were killed in the war b.门被撬开了

• 1) The passive is preferred in both English and Chinese when the agent is unknown and can not be easily specified（明确说明）, for example, • a. Ten people were killed in the war. • b.门被撬开了

o Such books are written for children 这种书是为儿童写的。 We havent been told a bout it 没有人通知我们这件事。 The English evening has been put off till Saturday. 英语晚会已延期到星期六举行

• Such books are written for children. • 这种书是为儿童写的。 • We haven’t been told about it. • 没有人通知我们这件事。 • The English evening has been put off till Saturday. • 英语晚会已延期到星期六举行

2) The passive is preferred in both english and chinese when in a successive sentences or clauses the use of active would involve the change of subjects thus disrupting(分裂 the textual coherence for example

• 2）The passive is preferred in both English and Chinese when, in a successive sentences or clauses, the use of active would involve the change of subjects, thus disrupting（分裂） the textual coherence, for example, •

He is a famous person (is) welcomed everywhere He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience 他在台上出现,观众热烈鼓掌欢迎

• He is a famous person & (is) welcomed everywhere. • He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. • 他在台上出现，观众热烈鼓掌欢迎

3. The passive is preferred when sometimes the writer or speaker does not want to mention the doer or does not want involve himself/ herself in the context or to make any personal comments Then the passive especially the agent-less passive)is probably the best choice, for example

• 3). The passive is preferred when sometimes the writer or speaker does not want to mention the doer or does not want involve himself/herself in the context or to make any personal comments. Then the passive (especially the agent-less passive ) is probably the best choice, for example

o The work was done badl You are requested to give a performance. 请你给我们表演一个节目。 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 般认为这样做是不妥当的

• The work was done badly. • You are requested to give a performance. • 请你给我们表演一个节目。 • It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. • 一般认为这样做是不妥当的

I. Translation of english passive into Chinese 1. The basic structure of English and Chinese passive 1)The basic structure of English passive is: S+ Be past participle by t agent. Here s stands for the subject of the sentence, and Be appears in the form of "am"wis" are"will be"have been"etc

• Ⅱ.Translation of English passive into Chinese • 1. The basic structure of English and Chinese passive • 1) The basic structure of English passive is: S + Be + past participle + by + agent. Here S stands for the subject of the sentence, and Be appears in the form of “am”, “is”, “are”, “will be”, “have been” etc

o 2) There are two main kinds of Chinese passive sentences- marked and unmarked, The basic structure of chinese marked passive Is:S+被/给/叫/让/为/由+ other elements The basic structure of chinese unmarked passive is: undergoer (s)+ predicate

• 2) There are two main kinds of Chinese passive sentences- marked and unmarked, • The basic structure of Chinese marked passive is: S+被/给/叫/让/为/由+ other elements. • The basic structure of Chinese unmarked passive is: undergoer (S) + predicate