《生态学》课程PPT教学课件（生态学原理与应用）02 Natural History - 2/2

Ecology:Concepts and ApplicationsNatural History---Life in Water2003.10.22

2003.10.22 1 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural History-Life in Water

Ecology:Concepts andApplicationsNaturalhistonFIGURE3.1Earthfromspace

2003.10.22 2 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history

Ecology:Concepts andApplicationsNaturalhistonyThe hydrologic cycleexchanges water among reservoirs2003.10.22

2003.10.22 3 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history The hydrologic cycle exchanges water among reservoirs

Ecology:ConceptsandApplicationsNatural histonyThe atmosphere contains a relativelysnalt amountof waterthatis rapidlyAtmosphererenewedthnsugh.the opposingprocesses13.000kmofevaporaion and precipitation.425.000.km/yrevaporates40.000km/yr.cvaporatedA veny large quantity of wateris tiedfrom the ocean's surfacefromtheocean+71.000pp in tceMelting would raise thekm/yrevaporatedfromoceans enongh to nood coastal cities.385.000km2/yrorganisms and land surfaces(111.000km/yr)returns totheoceanprecipitates onto landas precipitationTor7500.00mkmyRiverflow carriesOceans form the largestreservoir40.000km/yrtofor the global hydrologie cycle.the oceans.Groundwater8.200,000kmOceans1.350.000.000kmGroundwater is being rapidly depletedin manyareis by pamping from wells.A renewal time of the oceans is 3,100 years.TGURE3.2Thehydrologiceycle

2003.10.22 4 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history A renewal time of the oceans is 3,100 years

Ecology:Concepts and ApplicationsNaturalhistonCASEHISTORIES:The biology of aquatic environmentscorresponds broadly to variationsinphysical factors such as light, temperature,and water movements and to chemicalfactors such as salinityand oxygenFIGURE3.3Aviewoftheopenocean

2003.10.22 5 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history CASE HISTORIES: The biology of aquatic environments corresponds broadly to variations in physical factors such as light, temperature, and water movements and to chemical factors such as salinity and oxygen

Ecology:Concepts and ApplicationsNaturalhiston1. The Deep Blue Sea2003.10.22

2003.10.22 6 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history 1. The Deep Blue Sea

Ecology:Concepts andApplicationsNaturalhistonyThe dorsal appendage is a lureComparedto otherfish,thethat gives off light produced bynumberand size of fins and thesymbiotic bacteria.skeletal system are reducedMales of the species are reducedPrey attracted by the lure areto a sperm-producing parasiticseizedby oversized teethappendageoffemales.Thedarkness,lowfood availabilityand high pressures ofthedeep-saenvironmenthave selectedfor organisms quite different from those typicalofeither shallow seas ortheterrestrial environment.Only thefemalesofthis deep-sea anglerfish species are active predators.FIGURE 3.4 Deep-sea anglerfish

2003.10.22 7 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history

Ecology:Concepts and ApplicationsNatural histony360million Km?Pacific:180 million Km?Km?Atlantic:106millionIndian:3.900Km?Marianas:10,000mtrenchMauna Loa:Hawaii,4000m+6000m2003.10.22Geography

2003.10.22 8 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history ➢ Geography 360 million Km2 Pacific: 180 million Km2 Atlantic:106million Km2 Indian:3,900 Km2 Marianas:10,000m trench, Mauna Loa: Hawaii,4000m+6000m

Ecology:Concepts and ApplicationsNatural histonThe Oyashio isa cold-waterThe Kuroshio is a warmTheGulf Streamcurrentthat coolsnortheastwater currentthat bringsmoderatescoast of Asia.tropicalwaterstosouthemtemperaturesinnorthwest Europe:isiands of Japan.Sea of OkhotskTheLabradorCurrentcoolsmaritime provinces ofnortheastem Canada.Baltic SeaGulfof AlaskaSeaofBeringJapanSeaNorthSeaBlack SeaMediterranean seaGulfofMexicoPaeificGulfofCalifomiaAtlanticRed SeaPersianOceanOceanCaribbean SeaChina SeaGulfBayofArabianBengalSeaEquatorCoralSeaThe Humboldt CurrentIndianbrings cold AntarcticOceanwatersalong west coastofSouthAmericaTasmanbSeaThe cold currents ofThe Benguela Current coolsthe West Wind DriftwatersoffsouthwestAfrica.circle Antarctica.FIGURE3.5Oceaniccircalation

2003.10.22 9 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history

Ecology:Concepts and ApplicationsNaturalhistonStructureLittoral(intertidaD)zoneNeriticzoneOceaniczone2003.10.2210

2003.10.22 10 Ecology:Concepts and Applications Natural history Littoral (intertidal) zone Neritic zone Oceanic zone Structure