《生态学》课程PPT教学课件（生态学原理与应用）03 Individuals -1/2 Temperature

IndividualsTeperature RelationsIndividuals2003.10.24

2003.10.24 1 Individuals Temperature Relations Individuals

IndividualsTeperature RelationsTEMPERATURERELATIONS2003.10.24

2003.10.24 2 Individuals Temperature Relations TEMPERATURE RELATIONS

IndividualsTeperatureRelationsSunlight reflected inward bycup-shaped Dryas flowersheats interiorof flowersDryas integrifoliaFlower temperature=25°CAirtemperature=15°CBasking insecttemperature=25°CSun tracking byDryas flowerskeepsflowers facing thesun for severalhours each dayDryas integrifoliaFIGURE4.1Sun-tracking behavior of Dryas integrifolia.3

2003.10.24 3 Individuals Temperature Relations Dryas integrifolia

IndividualsTeperature RelationsMacroclimateinteractswiththe locallandscapetoproduce microclimates2003.10.24

2003.10.24 4 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology ❖ Macroclimate interacts with the local landscape to produce microclimates

IndividualsTeperature RelationsMicroclimate is climatic variationon a scale of a few kilometers.meters.cenmetersorevenovershortusuallymeasuredperiods of time.2003.10.245

2003.10.24 5 Individuals Temperature Relations Microclimate is climatic variation on a scale of a few kilometers, meters, or even cenmeters, usually measured over short periods of time

IndividualsTemperatureRelationsMicroclimateisinfluencedbysuchlandscapefeaturesasaltitude, aspect, vegetation, colorof the ground, and presence ofboulders and burrows.Aquatic temperaturesGO2003.10.24

2003.10.24 6 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology Microclimate is influenced by landscape features such as altitude, aspect, vegetation, color of the ground, and presence of boulders and burrows. Aquatic temperatures GO

IndividualsTemwerature Relations1593mM63ueAllensmurk.ColuradoMBamSNaeAshre联业Ce3E-IFMAMJJASONDMociaCBest:DNSJFMAMMonthL600mBunlder.Calrads111evu1RAltitude2003.10.24

2003.10.24 7 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology Altitude

IndividualsTemyerature RelationsFIGURE4.2Vegetation on north-andAspect2003.10.24

2003.10.24 8 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology Aspect

2003.10.24 9

IndividualsTemperatureRelationsVegetationShadingofsoil surfacebylow shrubs lowersmaximumtemperatures.Alayerof leaf litterGreater leaf area andlowersmaximumnumeroustwigsoftallSoil surface in fullshrubs interceptmoretemperaturesevenmore.sun heats.to highlighr,creating thetcmperaturescoolest temperatures.23°cinsoll21Cintitter27Cin soil48Cinbare soil29°Cin litterunder tall shrub.under tall shrub.under low shrub.away from shrubs.under low shrub.FIGURE4.3Desert shrubsand microclimate(datafrom ParmenterParameterand Cheney1989)102003.10.24

2003.10.24 10 Individuals Temperature Relations What is ecology Vegetation