《药理学》课程PPT教学课件（Central Nervous Sys）12 central nervous system stimulants

G包5centralnervousstimulantssystem

central nervous system stimulants

BrainCentralNervousSystemSpinal CordprocessThe CNS processes information toand from the peripheral nervous systemand is the center of coordination and controlfor the entire body

process The CNS processes information to and from the peripheral nervous system and is the center of coordination and control for the entire body

classificationAnalepticsstimulantsDrugs that stimulate the respiratory center ofthe CNSPsychomotorstimulantsdrugs with a high abuse potential because of theirability to produce euphoria and wakefulness;Anorexiantsdrugs used to suppress the appetite

Analeptics stimulants Drugs that stimulate the respiratory center of the CNS Psychomotor stimulants drugs with a high abuse potential because of their ability to produce euphoria and wakefulness; Anorexiants drugs used to suppress the appetite. classification

Classificationof CNS29.1TABLEStimulantsAnalepticPsychomotorStimulantsStimulantsMethylxanthinesDoxapramCaffeineAmphetamineNikethamideTheophyllineMethamphetamineTheobrominePentylenetetrazolMethylphenidatePemolineStrychninePicrotoxinEphedrineBicucullinePhentermineFenfluraminePhenylpropanolamine

An agent that induces CNSstimulationappearsto actby one ormore of the following mechanisms:(l) potentiation or enhancement01excitatory neurotransmission(2) depression or antagonism of inhibitoryneurotransmission(3) altered presynaptic control ofneurotransmitter release

An agent that induces CNS stimulation appears to act by one or more of the following mechanisms: (1) potentiation or enhancement of excitatory neurotransmission (2) depression or antagonism of inhibitory neurotransmission (3) altered presynaptic control of neurotransmitter release

They are drugs that can improve the activityof central nervous system. Central stimulants areused to treat central inhibitory state induced bydiseases, intoxication, cranial damage andaccidents, especialy respiratory center depressionor central respiratory failureThese drugs can consume energy and physicalstrength, and overdosage will stimulate centralnervous system over excitated, even convulsionNow, the usage of these drugs is limited

They are drugs that can improve the activity of central nervous system. Central stimulants are used to treat central inhibitory state induced by diseases, intoxication, cranial damage and accidents, especialy respiratory center depression or central respiratory failure. These drugs can consume energy and physical strength, and overdosage will stimulate central nervous system over excitated, even convulsion. Now, the usage of these drugs is limited

In clinic, for the treatment of respiratoryfailure, comprehensive treatment of using artificialrespiration, supply of oxygen and fluid infusion iseffective and safe. Even if central stimulants areused, it is only as a minor adjuvant methodUse small dosage intermittently, multipleadministrations or use different drugs alternativelymonitor the response of the patients carefully,adjust the treatment protocol.Once the indication of convulsion appearswithdraw the central stimulants immediately

In clinic, for the treatment of respiratory failure, comprehensive treatment of using artificial respiration, supply of oxygen and fluid infusion is effective and safe. Even if central stimulants are used, it is only as a minor adjuvant method. Use small dosage intermittently, multiple administrations or use different drugs alternatively, monitor the response of the patients carefully, adjust the treatment protocol. Once the indication of convulsion appears, withdraw the central stimulants immediately

ANALEPTICSTIMULANTSChemistryplant alkaloids:picrotoxin and strychninesynthetic compounds:pentylenetetrazol and doxapramPharmacokineticsmost analeptic stimulants can be absorbed orally andhave short durations of action. The pharmacologicaleffect of most of these compounds is terminated throughhepatic metabolism rather than renal excretion ofunchanged drug

Chemistry plant alkaloids: picrotoxin and strychnine synthetic compounds: pentylenetetrazol and doxapram. Pharmacokinetics most analeptic stimulants can be absorbed orally and have short durations of action. The pharmacological effect of most of these compounds is terminated through hepatic metabolism rather than renal excretion of unchanged drug. ANALEPTIC STIMULANTS

MechanismofActionMany drugs are related to interaction withGABA (the -aninobutyric acid) receptord orother sites that modulate the activity of thechlorideionphorey-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)is the majorinhibitory neurotransmitterin themammalianCNs

Mechanism of Action Many drugs are related to interaction with GABA (the γ-aninobutyric acid) receptord or other sites that modulate the activity of the chloride ionphore. γ -Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS

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