揭阳职业技术学院：《跨文化交际》课程授课教案 Intercultural Communicatio（二，小学英语教育专本协同，任课教师：杨茹）

揭阳职业技术学院业技-教案课程：跨文化交际任课教师：杨茹专业：小学英语教育专本协同班级：221（一二组）

揭阳职业技术学院 教案 课程： 跨文化交际 任课教师： 杨茹 专业：小学英语教育专本协同 班级：221（一二组）

Introduction1, Teaching Objective:IntroducethecourseandthetextbookofEncounterswithWesterners:---Improving Skills in English and Intercultural Communication The students should know: culture, inter-culture, communication andintercultural communication. The students should know: cultural differences and respect different cultures.(ldeological andPoliticalEducationObjective)2、Teaching Focus: Culture-→intercultural-→intercultural communication3, Teaching Difficulty:. What is culture?-What is intercultural communication?4,TeachingDuration:2lessons5, Teaching method:Through teacher's explanation and asking questions, students can understand therelated concepts. The teacher will provide students with situation. With the help ofmultimedia.6, Teaching Procedure:6.1 What is culture?The customary ways in which humans live. For example: diet, family forms,social organizations, and religions.System of shared values, beliefs, behaviors, norms.- Used to cope with the world and each other.. Passed between generations throughlearning6.2 What is culture like?.Culture is like an icebergCultureislikethewaterafishswimsinCultureisthestorywetell ourselvesaboutourselvesCulture is the grammar of our behavior6.3What does culture comprise?valuesbeliefsbehaviorsnorms

Introduction 1、Teaching Objective:  Introduce the course and the textbook of Encounters with Westerners:-Improving Skills in English and Intercultural Communication  The students should know: culture, inter-culture, communication and intercultural communication.  The students should know: cultural differences and respect different cultures. (Ideological and Political Education Objective） 2、Teaching Focus: Culture→intercultural→intercultural communication 3、Teaching Difficulty:  What is culture?  What is intercultural communication? 4、Teaching Duration：2 lessons 5、Teaching method: Through teacher’s explanation and asking questions, students can understand the related concepts. The teacher will provide students with situation. With the help of multimedia. 6、Teaching Procedure: 6.1 What is culture?  The customary ways in which humans live. For example: diet, family forms, social organizations, and religions.  System of shared values, beliefs, behaviors, norms.  Used to cope with the world and each other.  Passed between generations through learning. 6.2 What is culture like? • Culture is like an iceberg • Culture is like the water a fish swims in • Culture is the story we tell ourselves about ourselves • Culture is the grammar of our behavior 6.3 What does culture comprise? • values • beliefs • behaviors • norms

6.3What are the ingredients of communication?message/behavioral source(信息源/行为源）encoding（编码）message（信息）channel（渠道）receiver/recepient/responder(信息接受者/反应者）decoding（译码）response（反应）feedback（反馈）6.4 What is Intercultural communication?Cross-Cultural Communication or Intercultural Communication refers to thecommunication between people of different cultural background.6.5 What is the classification of Intercultural communication?.international communicationinter-racialcommunication.inter-ethniccommunicationinter-regional communication6.6 Discussion exercise: cultural differences and respect different cultures.(Ideological and Political Education)7,Assignment:discuss the topicWhat does intercultural communication mean to business people?Unit 11. Teaching Objective:Learning this unit, the students should know:-the different ways to greet people-thedifferentinterpretations of"smileand"laugh”.the etiquette of gift-giving.(Ideological and Political Education Objective)2. Teaching Focus: What is intercultural communication?3. Teaching Difficulty:the different interpretations of"smile"and "laugh”the reasons why people of different cultures may misunderstand each other.4. Teaching Duration: 4 lessons

6.3 What are the ingredients of communication? • message/behavioral source(信息源/行为源) • encoding（编码） • message（信息） • channel（渠道） • receiver/recepient/responder(信息接受者/反应者) • decoding（译码） • response（反应） • feedback（反馈） 6.4 What is Intercultural communication? Cross-Cultural Communication or Intercultural Communication refers to the communication between people of different cultural background. 6.5 What is the classification of Intercultural communication? • international communication • inter-racial communication • inter-ethnic communication • inter-regional communication 6.6 Discussion exercise ： cultural differences and respect different cultures. (Ideological and Political Education） 7、Assignment: discuss the topic What does intercultural communication mean to business people? Unit 1 1. Teaching Objective: Learning this unit, the students should know:  the different ways to greet people  the different interpretations of “smile” and “laugh”  the etiquette of gift-giving.(Ideological and Political Education Objective） 2. Teaching Focus: What is intercultural communication? 3. Teaching Difficulty:  the different interpretations of “smile” and “laugh”  the reasons why people of different cultures may misunderstand each other. 4. Teaching Duration：4 lessons

5. Teaching method:Through teacher's explanation and asking questions, students can understand therelated concepts: The teacher will provide students with situation. With the help ofmultimedia.6. Teaching Procedure:6.1Letter:Pete'sFirstDayinChinaCasel:Interpretinga SmilePeter isthegeneral manager of an American company in China.Recently,JunChen,oneof theChinesemanagers made amistake at work that caused some difficulties that required a lot ofeffort tofix.Jun Chen was veryupset about whathad happened, and cameto Peter'sofficetomakea formal apologyJunChenwent intoPeter'sofficeafterbeingtoldto,smilingbeforehespoke.“Peter,I'vebeenfeeling very upset about the trouble I've caused for the company. I'm here to apologize for mymistake.I'm terribly sorry about it and I want you to know that it will never happen again."JunChen said, looking at Peter withthe smile he had been wearing sincehewalked into the office.Peter found it hard to accept the apology. He looked at Jun Chen, and asked, “are you sure?""Yes, I'm very sorry and I promise this won't happen again," Jun Chen said, with a smile evenbroader than before."I'm sorryI just can't takeyour apology.You don't look sorry at all!"Peter said angrilyJun Chen's face turned very red.He did not in the least expect Peterto take it negatively.He wasdesperate tomake himself understood.Peter,"he managed to smile again,“trust me, no one canfeel anymore sorry thanI doabout it."Peter was almost furious by now, “if you're that sorry, how can you still smile?"Chinese perspective:It may be difficult for Westerners to believe that smiling for the Chinese not only means thatsomeone is happy,but alsothat he/she is sorry.It isdesirablefor a Chineseto apologizewithasmile,whichindicateshumblenessandembarrassment.JunChenprobablywasnotevenawarethat hewas smilingwhen hefirst went intothe officeto apologize,yehedid make an effort tosmilewhenhesawPetergettingangry.For JunChen, thesmilewasan importantpartof theapology.As a result,he could not understand why Peter got angry when he gave a sincere apology.NorthAmericanperspective:Beyond thinking that Jun Chen was not really sorryfor themistake,Petermight actuallytakethesmileas smirking,a signof disrespect.A Westerner in Jun Chen's situation would probablykeephis eyes lowered, especiallyduring the time he was apologizing.When promising to correct thesituation and to avoid making the same mistake, a Westerner would expect the employee tolookhim inthe eye and definitelynotto smile.Depending onthenature of themistake,Petermighteventually attempt to reassure Jun Chen that"not real harm was done"or that"It's okay,we'vebeen able to correct the problem”and then compliment Jun Chen on hismaturely acceptingresponsibility.They might part by shaking hands.This would be done by Peter to show that heaccepted Jun Chen's apology and to attempt to rebuild agood working relationshipbetween thetwo, or at least ease the tension that Jun Chen was feeling. However, in this case, the mistake

5. Teaching method: Through teacher’s explanation and asking questions, students can understand the related concepts. The teacher will provide students with situation. With the help of multimedia. 6. Teaching Procedure: 6.1 Letter: Pete’s First Day in China Case 1: Interpreting a Smile Peter is the general manager of an American company in China. Recently, Jun Chen, one of the Chinese managers made a mistake at work that caused some difficulties that required a lot of effort to fix. Jun Chen was very upset about what had happened, and came to Peter’s office to make a formal apology. Jun Chen went into Peter’s office after being told to, smiling before he spoke. “Peter, I’ve been feeling very upset about the trouble I’ve caused for the company. I’m here to apologize for my mistake. I’m terribly sorry about it and I want you to know that it will never happen again.” Jun Chen said, looking at Peter with the smile he had been wearing since he walked into the office. Peter found it hard to accept the apology. He looked at Jun Chen, and asked, “are you sure?” “Yes, I’m very sorry and I promise this won’t happen again,” Jun Chen said, with a smile even broader than before. “I’m sorry I just can’t take your apology. You don’t look sorry at all!” Peter said angrily. Jun Chen’s face turned very red. He did not in the least expect Peter to take it negatively. He was desperate to make himself understood. “Peter,” he managed to smile again, “trust me, no one can feel any more sorry than I do about it.” Peter was almost furious by now, “if you’re that sorry, how can you still smile?”  Chinese perspective: It may be difficult for Westerners to believe that smiling for the Chinese not only means that someone is happy, but also that he/she is sorry. It is desirable for a Chinese to apologize with a smile, which indicates humbleness and embarrassment. Jun Chen probably was not even aware that he was smiling when he first went into the office to apologize, ye he did make an effort to smile when he saw Peter getting angry. For Jun Chen, the smile was an important part of the apology. As a result, he could not understand why Peter got angry when he gave a sincere apology.  North American perspective: Beyond thinking that Jun Chen was not really sorry for the mistake, Peter might actually take the smile as smirking, a sign of disrespect. A Westerner in Jun Chen’s situation would probably keep his eyes lowered, especially during the time he was apologizing. When promising to correct the situation and to avoid making the same mistake, a Westerner would expect the employee to look him in the eye and definitely not to smile. Depending on the nature of the mistake, Peter might eventually attempt to reassure Jun Chen that “not real harm was done” or that “It’s okay, we’ve been able to correct the problem” and then compliment Jun Chen on his maturely accepting responsibility. They might part by shaking hands. This would be done by Peter to show that he accepted Jun Chen’s apology and to attempt to rebuild a good working relationship between the two, or at least ease the tension that Jun Chen was feeling. However, in this case, the mistake

perception of a smile madean awkward situation worse.Case 2: Interpreting a LaughHuihua, a Chinese student, and Mary,an American student studying Chinese in China, were ontheirwaytoabookstore.Astheygottothebookstore,theysawayoungmanwalkingdownaflight of stairs. In his hurry, he missed the last two steps, and fell on the ground. He struggled toget back to his feet while people around him laughed.Fortunately,he seemed to be O.KMary was worried. She found Huihua smiling a little and was not comfortable about it.“Tell me,Huihua, how could people laugh when someonefell like that?Do they care at all? Shouldn't theygoupand ask theyoung man whether he was hurt?"Huihua said, “they knew he wasn't hurt too much."“But I still don't' understand. A fall is a fall. In my culture, people would do anything but laugh!". Chinese perspective:This is another example in which the Chinese and the Westerner interpret a smile differently. Asmentioned in the last case, Chinese people resort to laugh or smile when they feel embarrassed.Very often, the person caught in the embarrassing situation would also laugh or make a joke,toease the embarrassment.However, if someone gets hurt seriously,it will not be a laughing matterany more. People will help him/her instead.NorthAmericanperspective:A Westerner would interpret laughter in such a setting as a sign of either insensitivity or, worse,pleasure that the person falling had hurt himself/herself because that person was disliked.AWesterner's response would have been to rush over, assist the person up, and to inquire about anyinjury by saying something like,"Are you okay?"If a Westernerfell, they,like a Chinese person,might attempt to make a joke out of the incident if they were not hurt. If two close friends arewalking together, and one trips but clearly isn't hurt, a common joke is to say "Have a nicetrip"--- a pun based on two very different meanings of “"trip":one meaning a vacation, the othermeaning“to stumble"However,thisjokewould bemade onlybetweentwopeoplewhokneweachotherwell.6.2InterculturalCommunicationWhat are some reasons whypeople of different cultures maymisunderstand each other?What are the three things we need to learn if we want to be able to communicateeffectively with Westerners?What are the main purposes of this course?6.3Encounter:TheGift (Ideological and Political Education)Why do people give gifts?People give gifts for a variety of reasons::To build and maintain personal or business relationships:To promote goodwill.Topromotebusinessproductsorservices.To enhance the image and reputation of the company

perception of a smile made an awkward situation worse. Case 2: Interpreting a Laugh Huihua, a Chinese student, and Mary, an American student studying Chinese in China, were on their way to a bookstore. As they got to the bookstore, they saw a young man walking down a flight of stairs. In his hurry, he missed the last two steps, and fell on the ground. He struggled to get back to his feet while people around him laughed. Fortunately, he seemed to be O. K. Mary was worried. She found Huihua smiling a little and was not comfortable about it. “Tell me, Huihua, how could people laugh when someone fell like that? Do they care at all? Shouldn’t they go up and ask the young man whether he was hurt?” Huihua said, “they knew he wasn’t hurt too much.” “But I still don't’ understand. A fall is a fall. In my culture, people would do anything but laugh!”  Chinese perspective: This is another example in which the Chinese and the Westerner interpret a smile differently. As mentioned in the last case, Chinese people resort to laugh or smile when they feel embarrassed. Very often, the person caught in the embarrassing situation would also laugh or make a joke, to ease the embarrassment. However, if someone gets hurt seriously, it will not be a laughing matter any more. People will help him/her instead.  North American perspective: A Westerner would interpret laughter in such a setting as a sign of either insensitivity or, worse, pleasure that the person falling had hurt himself/herself because that person was disliked. A Westerner’s response would have been to rush over, assist the person up, and to inquire about any injury by saying something like, “Are you okay?” If a Westerner fell, they, like a Chinese person, might attempt to make a joke out of the incident if they were not hurt. If two close friends are walking together, and one trips but clearly isn’t hurt, a common joke is to say “Have a nice trip”- a pun based on two very different meanings of “trip”: one meaning a vacation, the other meaning “to stumble”. However, this joke would be made only between two people who knew each other well. 6.2 Intercultural Communication  What are some reasons why people of different cultures may misunderstand each other?  What are the three things we need to learn if we want to be able to communicate effectively with Westerners?  What are the main purposes of this course? 6.3 Encounter: The Gift (Ideological and Political Education） Why do people give gifts? People give gifts for a variety of reasons: • To build and maintain personal or business relationships • To promote goodwill • To promote business products or services • To enhance the image and reputation of the company

To demonstrate appreciation and gratitudeTo show respect.To encourage or motivate.To celebrate or congratulate.To acknowledge your hostGift-giving CustomsinChina:clocksIt has regarded as a gift giving faux pas, the word of "clock " in Chinese, itspronunciation is similar to the word“death"“clocks" in Chinese 钟(zhong)“终"(zhong)means end in Chinese. It suggests the life is end. But Chineseyounger generation are not superstitious. Some of them maybe can accept clockas a gift. But first of all, you should make sure they won't be offended byreceivinga clock..colors such as white and blackThey areassociatedwith funerals,?write inred inkBecause it symbolizesthebreakupa relationship·sharpobjectsThey can imply end of relationshipgifts in odd numbers·They can imply loneliness and separation.·Chinesewill declineagiftthreetimesbeforefinallyaccepting,soasnottoappear greedy. You will have to continue to insist. Once the gift is acceptedexpress gratitude.You will be expected togothroughthe same routine ifyou areoffered a gift..In the presence ofother people, never present a valuable gift to one personSelecting an appropriate and proper gift requires knowledge and sensitivity:A British expression gives an excellent suggestion:Avoid "Carrying coals toNewcastle."People in Newcastle, a coal-mining town, would not appreciatereceiving coal as a gift! In other words, avoid giving something people alreadyhave.DonotgivewinetotheFrench,beertotheGermans,chocolates totheSwiss, or tea to the Chinese.CulturalDifferences in Gift-giving CustomssAppropriate ItemsFranceEsotericbooksandmusic,flowers,GermanyQuality pens, tasteful office items with your company logo, orimported liquor,Alocalfood specialty of yourhome countryMiddleEastTraditional perfume,silverJapanPrestigious name-brand items; expensive gifts are common

• To demonstrate appreciation and gratitude • To show respect • To encourage or motivate • To celebrate or congratulate • To acknowledge your host Gift- giving Customs in China: • clocks It has regarded as a gift giving faux pas, the word of "clock " in Chinese, its pronunciation is similar to the word “death”. “clocks” in Chinese 钟(zhong). “终”(zhong) means end in Chinese. It suggests the life is end. But Chinese younger generation are not superstitious. Some of them maybe can accept clock as a gift. But first of all, you should make sure they won't be offended by receiving a clock. • colors such as white and black They are associated with funerals. • write in red ink Because it symbolizes the break up a relationship. • sharp objects They can imply end of relationship. • gifts in odd numbers They can imply loneliness and separation. • Chinese will decline a gift three times before finally accepting, so as not to appear greedy. You will have to continue to insist. Once the gift is accepted, express gratitude. You will be expected to go through the same routine if you are offered a gift. • In the presence of other people, never present a valuable gift to one person. Selecting an appropriate and proper gift requires knowledge and sensitivity: A British expression gives an excellent suggestion: Avoid "Carrying coals to Newcastle." People in Newcastle, a coal-mining town, would not appreciate receiving coal as a gift! In other words, avoid giving something people already have. Do not give wine to the French, beer to the Germans, chocolates to the Swiss, or tea to the Chinese. Cultural Differences in Gift- giving Customs: Appropriate Items France Esoteric books and music, flowers, Germany Quality pens, tasteful office items with your company logo, or imported liquor, A local food specialty of your home country Middle East Traditional perfume, silver Japan Prestigious name-brand items; expensive gifts are common

Inappropriate ItemsFranceGiftswithabusiness card,wineGermanyBeerMexicoSilverMiddleEastleatherproductsmadeoutofpigskin,alcohol,goldorsilkformen.flower languageFlowers occupy a uniquely acceptable place in gift giving, suitable almost for anyoccasion.Theycannotbemistakenforbribe.However,flowersalsohavespecificcultural associations which differ in each country. It is very important to know theshared meanings of flowers in other countries when cross-cultural floral gifts areexchanged.It's a kind of language which is used for expressing one's emotion or desire byflowers.It forms under a certain historical condition, and is accepted by particularpopulations.If you want to appreciate flowers, you should know the language well. It's thecoreof flower culture.The language has no sound, but the implication and emotion isbeyond words.Gift-givingCustomsinAmerica:An American woman livingin Wisconsin volunteered to tutor EnglishtoaJapanese woman who had moved into the same community.“Before each lesson,andon eachand everyvisit"theAmericanreported,"theJapaneseladybroughtme a gifta book,somepaper sculpture,flowers,or candy.It wasembarrassing."In America, lavish, extravagant gifts are definitely out. The luxurious gifts willgive people pressure, and they will speculate the purpose. An appropriate alternateto a gift is to take the deserving person to dinner, or to an entertainment orsporting event. On the contrary, gift giving is an institution and a revered customin Japan.Americans think that singular number means lucky. They will open and appreciatethegiftatonceand saythanks.送礼时说Ihopeyou'll likeit.”，不要说小意思，不成敬意。”，“东西不好，请笑纳。”等中国人送礼时常爱讲的话。这类话会让外国人觉得你看不起他们。7,Assignment:discussthefollowingquestionsWhat is a culture?+What is Western culture?What are stereotypes?

Inappropriate Items France Gifts with a business card, wine Germany Beer Mexico Silver Middle East leather products made out of pigskin, alcohol, gold or silk for men • flower language Flowers occupy a uniquely acceptable place in gift giving, suitable almost for any occasion . They cannot be mistaken for bribe. However, flowers also have specific cultural associations which differ in each country. It is very important to know the shared meanings of flowers in other countries when cross-cultural floral gifts are exchanged. It’s a kind of language which is used for expressing one’s emotion or desire by flowers. It forms under a certain historical condition, and is accepted by particular populations. If you want to appreciate flowers, you should know the language well. It’s the core of flower culture. The language has no sound, but the implication and emotion is beyond words. Gift- giving Customs in America: An American woman living in Wisconsin volunteered to tutor English to a Japanese woman who had moved into the same community. “Before each lesson, and on each and every visit,” the American reported, “the Japanese lady brought me a gift — a book, some paper sculpture, flowers, or candy. It was embarrassing.” In America, lavish, extravagant gifts are definitely out. The luxurious gifts will give people pressure, and they will speculate the purpose. An appropriate alternate to a gift is to take the deserving person to dinner, or to an entertainment or sporting event. On the contrary, gift giving is an institution and a revered custom in Japan. Americans think that singular number means lucky. They will open and appreciate the gift at once and say thanks. 送礼时说“I hope you’ll like it.” ，不要说“小意 思，不成敬意。”，“东西不好，请笑纳。”等中国人送礼时常爱讲的话。这类 话会让外国人觉得你看不起他们。 7、Assignment: discuss the following questions ◆What is a culture? ◆What is Western culture? ◆What are stereotypes?

Unit 21. Teaching Objective:Learning this unit, the students should know:-thecultureoftippingThe difference between “老” and “old"Respect the aged and cherish theyoung. (ldeological and Political Education Objective)individualist cultureand collectivist culture2. Teaching Focus: individualist culture and collectivist culture3.Teaching Difficulty:老= old?4. Teaching Duration: 6 lessons5. Teaching method:Through teacher's explanation and asking questions, students can understand therelated concepts.The teacher will provide students with situation.With the help ofmultimedia6. Teaching Procedure:6.1 Encounter: The TaxiTaxis in the USIn taxis in the US, it is quite normal to have a small extra charge for each pieceof luggage. Usually there will be a list of luggage charges posted somewhere inthe taxi. In the Us there are also sometimes tolls for bridges, tunnels, and certainroads,andthetaxidriverwill generallypaythesefirstandthenaddthemtothecost of the ride.In the US it is normal to add a tip of 10%-15% to the cost of a taxi ride. Asimilar tip is normal in restaurants where staff wait on customers. Tipping is notnormalinfast-foodrestaurantswherecustomersgettheirownfoodWhile taxis can often be found at US airport, taxis are relatively rare in all butthelargestAmericancities,and toget ataxipeopleoftenneedtocall ataxicompanyThisisbecausemostAmericans drivetheirowncars.Inlargecitieslike New York, taxi drivers are often immigrants from other countries whodonot speak English as their first language.TippingIn the UK the reason for tipping is to show that you really liked the service. Inthe UK we have a high minimum wage, and no-one can be paid below thisamount for any work, so when you tip, it is mainly showing politeness to the

Unit 2 1. Teaching Objective: Learning this unit, the students should know:  the culture of tipping  The difference between “ 老 ” and “old”. Respect the aged and cherish the young. (Ideological and Political Education Objective）  individualist culture and collectivist culture 2. Teaching Focus: individualist culture and collectivist culture 3. Teaching Difficulty: 老﹦old? 4. Teaching Duration：6 lessons 5. Teaching method: Through teacher’s explanation and asking questions, students can understand the related concepts. The teacher will provide students with situation. With the help of multimedia. 6. Teaching Procedure: 6.1 Encounter: The Taxi Taxis in the US In taxis in the US, it is quite normal to have a small extra charge for each piece of luggage. Usually there will be a list of luggage charges posted somewhere in the taxi. In the US there are also sometimes tolls for bridges, tunnels, and certain roads, and the taxi driver will generally pay these first and then add them to the cost of the ride. In the US it is normal to add a tip of 10%-15% to the cost of a taxi ride. A similar tip is normal in restaurants where staff wait on customers. Tipping is not normal in fast-food restaurants where customers get their own food. While taxis can often be found at US airport, taxis are relatively rare in all but the largest American cities, and to get a taxi people often need to call a taxi company. This is because most Americans drive their own cars. In large cities like New York, taxi drivers are often immigrants from other countries who do not speak English as their first language. Tipping In the UK the reason for tipping is to show that you really liked the service. In the UK we have a high minimum wage, and no-one can be paid below this amount for any work, so when you tip, it is mainly showing politeness to the

service person, and to acknowledge that they did an excellent jobYou can tip more or less depending on how good you thought the service was,and the average tip is around 10-20%. So if you loved your new 50 poundhaircut, you should add another 5-10 pounds onto your bill, and this will godirectly to the hairdresser! If you didn't like the service, don't tip! This is thecase even if'service'has been added to your bill. If you didn't like the service,you can always refuse to pay. Or if you are a student, traveler on a budget, orsimply can't afford to, it's also ok not to spend the extra money.In the US,you will often hear'tips'called'service'.It is essential to tip in theUSbecause the waitresses, bar staff, maids in these industries are paid a low wagewhich they cannot afford to live on, and therefore your tip is much needed bythem.It is actually part of the payment that you make and very often is not optional!Especially in restaurants, if you do not pay the service, you have not paid yourentire bill, so watch out!Why should we pay tip?TipsareimportantincomeforlowserviceworkersTo express respects to what the waiters have done for them, butalsoaccreditation and gratitude to the waiters' work.+To reflect guestspersonal accomplishment and self-cultivation.Towhom should wepaytip?The staff in bars, cafe,restaurant, hotels,hairdressers, and thedrivers oftaxis.UKUSeYese餐馆Optional（可付可不付）Yes咖啡厅。Optionale美发厅OptionaleYesYese的士OptionaleNoeNo公交车#6.2 Letter to Fran: AHelping Hand(Ideological and Political Education)Case 1:Showing ConcernXiao Li (an interpreter):You must be very tired. You're Old...Catherine (an elderly American lady): Oh, I'm NOT old, and I'm NOT tired.老人&seniorcitizen中国人历来就有“尊老敬老"的传统。“老在中文里表达尊敬的概念，如老祖宗，老爷爷，老先生等。“老张”，“老王”，透着尊敬和亲热，“张老”“王老”更是尊崇有加。中国人往往以年龄大为荣。和别人谈话时，年龄越大，资格越老，也就越会得到别人的尊敬。“姜还是老的辣”。在我们看来，长者不仅

service person, and to acknowledge that they did an excellent job. You can tip more or less depending on how good you thought the service was, and the average tip is around 10-20%. So if you loved your new 50 pound haircut, you should add another 5-10 pounds onto your bill, and this will go directly to the hairdresser! If you didn't like the service, don't tip! This is the case even if 'service' has been added to your bill. If you didn't like the service, you can always refuse to pay. Or if you are a student, traveler on a budget, or simply can't afford to, it's also ok not to spend the extra money. In the US, you will often hear 'tips' called 'service'. It is essential to tip in the US, because the waitresses, bar staff, maids in these industries are paid a low wage which they cannot afford to live on, and therefore your tip is much needed by them. It is actually part of the payment that you make and very often is not optional! Especially in restaurants, if you do not pay the service, you have not paid your entire bill, so watch out! Why should we pay tip? ◆Tips are important income for low service workers. ◆ To express respects to what the waiters have done for them, but also accreditation and gratitude to the waiters’ work. ◆ To reflect guests’ personal accomplishment and self-cultivation. To whom should we pay tip? The staff in bars, cafe, restaurant, hotels, hairdressers, and the drivers of taxis. 6.2 Letter to Fran: A Helping Hand(Ideological and Political Education） Case 1:Showing Concern Xiao Li (an interpreter): You must be very tired. You’re Old. Catherine (an elderly American lady): Oh, I’m NOT old, and I’m NOT tired. 老人 & senior citizen 中国人历来就有“尊老敬老”的传统。“老”在中文里表达尊敬的概念，如老祖 宗，老爷爷，老先生等。“老张”，“老王”，透着尊敬和亲热，“张老”“王老” 更是尊崇有加。中国人往往以年龄大为荣。和别人谈话时，年龄越大，资格 越老，也就越会得到别人的尊敬。“姜还是老的辣”。在我们看来，长者不仅

是智慧的化身，也是威望的象征。西方国家极少有人愿意倚老卖老而自称"old"。在他们看来，“old"是“不中用”的代名词，是和“不合潮流”“老而无用”的含义连在一起的。英美人不喜欢别人说自已老，更不会倚老卖老。在西方文化中，他们把年龄作为个人极为重要的隐私看待。尤其是女士，更忌讳别人问自己的年龄。即使愿意谈论自己的年龄，也要别人猜测其年龄，而此时，他们的真正目的的期望别人恭维他们看上去比实际年龄小，是多么年轻。Self-reliance:Western cultures tend to place more emphasis on self-reliancethan collectivistcultures do. This is especially true of American culture, in which self-relianceapproaches the importance of a religion.Most Americans take considerablepridein their ability to do things for themselves rather than relying on help from others.Infact,Americanswillsometimesprefertogothroughconsiderabledifficultyinorder to do something for themselves (perhaps not doing it very well), rather thanhaving others do it for them.The other side of this coin is thatAmericans expect other people to also beself-reliant, and while Americans are often quite willing to help those theyconsider in genuine need, there is little sympathy for those who are not perceivedas trying to help themselves. It is often felt that help should be deserved7, Assignment: discuss the following question?What is individualist culture?O.What is collectivist culture?Whataresomedifferencesbetweenan individualistcultureandacollectivist one?.Are all Westerners individualist?.AreallChinesecollectivist?Unit 31. Teaching Objective:Learning this unit, the students should know:. The different attitudes toward correcting one's mistakes between languageteachersinChinaandthoseintheWest.-The differences of education between China and the West.How to respond to someone's compliment.Strengthen one's culturalconfidence and being neither humble nor pushy.(Ideological and PoliticalEducation Objective)Differenceinrank and power2.Teaching Focus: the different educational philosophy in China and the West3.TeachingDifficulty:respondingto compliments

是智慧的化身，也是威望的象征。 西方国家极少有人愿意倚老卖老而自称”old”。在他们看来，“old”是“不中用” 的代名词，是和“不合潮流”“老而无用”的含义连在一起的。英美人不喜欢别 人说自己老，更不会倚老卖老。在西方文化中，他们把年龄作为个人极为重 要的隐私看待。尤其是女士，更忌讳别人问自己的年龄。即使愿意谈论自己 的年龄，也要别人猜测其年龄，而此时，他们的真正目的的期望别人恭维他 们看上去比实际年龄小，是多么年轻。 Self-reliance: Western cultures tend to place more emphasis on self-reliance than collectivist cultures do. This is especially true of American culture, in which self-reliance approaches the importance of a religion. Most Americans take considerable pride in their ability to do things for themselves rather than relying on help from others. In fact, Americans will sometimes prefer to go through considerable difficulty in order to do something for themselves (perhaps not doing it very well), rather than having others do it for them. The other side of this coin is that Americans expect other people to also be self-reliant, and while Americans are often quite willing to help those they consider in genuine need, there is little sympathy for those who are not perceived as trying to help themselves. It is often felt that help should be deserved 7、Assignment: discuss the following question?  What is individualist culture?  What is collectivist culture?  What are some differences between an individualist culture and a collectivist one?  Are all Westerners individualist?  Are all Chinese collectivist? Unit 3 1. Teaching Objective: Learning this unit, the students should know:  The different attitudes toward correcting one’s mistakes between language teachers in China and those in the West.  The differences of education between China and the West.  How to respond to someone’s compliment. Strengthen one’s cultural confidence and being neither humble nor pushy. (Ideological and Political Education Objective）  Difference in rank and power 2. Teaching Focus: the different educational philosophy in China and the West 3. Teaching Difficulty: responding to compliments