揭阳职业技术学院：《英语精读》课程授课教案（四）

Foreign LanguageDepartment揭阳职业技术学院业技教案陈妙洪课程：英语精读四任课教师：231专业：小学英语教育班级：

Foreign Language Department 1 揭阳职业技术学院 教案 课程： 英语精读四 任课教师： 陈妙洪 专业： 小学英语教育 班级： 231

Foreign Language DepartmentChapterUnit 1 Ocean ExplorationUpon completion of this unit, teachers are expected tohave enabled students to: understand the text linguistically and contextually,use the key words and expressions in contextproperly;Teaching Objectivetalk about the importance of the oceans and oceanstudy,thecurrent statusof ocean studyand why it isfar from satisfactory, guide Ss to better understand the importance of theoceansandoceanexploration；（课程思政） get familiar with argumentative writingBuilding up an active vocabulary to talk about theimportanceoftheoceansandocean studyandknowTeaching Focushow to use the key words and expressions in contextproperlytheorganizationofthecontentandthestructureoftheTeaching DifficultytextTeaching Duration12lessonsThrough teacher's explanation and asking questions,students can understand the text well.For wordTeaching Methodstudy, teachers will provide students with situation.WiththehelpofPPTWrite an essay in support of ocean exploration entitledAssignmentWhy Ocean Exploration Is So Important?Suggested Teaching ProcessThis unit is designed for eight periods of classroom activities.In each of the periodscertain tasks are to be completed. The following is a suggested teaching plan forfulfilling those tasks. If you plan six periods for this unit, cut down time budgeted forReading & Interacting and Readings 1 & 2 by one period, respectivelyPeriods 1-2Opener&Reading& Interacting (1)1Periods 3-4 Reading & Interacting (2)Periods5-6Rcadings1&2

Foreign Language Department 2 Chapter Unit 1 Ocean Exploration Teaching Objective Upon completion of this unit, teachers are expected to have enabled students to: ■ understand the text linguistically and contextually; ■ use the key words and expressions in context properly; ■ talk about the importance of the oceans and ocean study, the current status of ocean study and why it is far from satisfactory; ■ guide Ss to better understand the importance of the oceans and ocean exploration;（课程思政） ■ get familiar with argumentative writing. Teaching Focus Building up an active vocabulary to talk about the importance of the oceans and ocean study and know how to use the key words and expressions in context properly. Teaching Difficulty the organization of the content and the structure of the text Teaching Duration 12 lessons Teaching Method Through teacher’s explanation and asking questions, students can understand the text well. For word study, teachers will provide students with situation. With the help of PPT. Assignment Write an essay in support of ocean exploration entitled Why Ocean Exploration Is So Important？ Suggested Teaching Process This unit is designed for eight periods of classroom activities. In each of the periods, certain tasks are to be completed. The following is a suggested teaching plan for fulfilling those tasks. If you plan six periods for this unit, cut down time budgeted for Reading & Interacting and Readings 1 & 2 by one period, respectively. Periods 1-2 Opener & Reading & Interacting (1) Periods 3-4 Reading & Interacting (2) Periods 5-6 Readings 1 & 2

ForeignLanguageDepartmentPeriods 7-8 Integrated Skills Practicing注：本单元主课文语言方面无过多难点，讲解时可把重点放在内容的组织和篇章结构方面。主课文和Reading1的内容都是围绕同一主题：theimportanceofoceanstudy，但Reading1更接近于典型的论说文（argumentation）。论说文通常除提出并阐述作者的某个主张（claim或argument）外，一般还要列出支持该主张的理由，并指出相反主张（counterclaim或counterargument）缺乏依据或不符逻辑。在处理Reading1时，教师可以在做练习前让学生讨论文中的claim和counterclaim分别是什么，作者列举了哪些理由论证其主张，并如何驳斥相反的主张。PartOne:Opener. Warm up to the topic of ocean exploration by having Ss look at the picture in theOpener. Ask them to make a guess at what the giant structure is and what the peoplein it are doing.Have Ss listen to the recording. Have Ss answer the questions in pairs: Turn to the introduction at the beginning of the unit, which sums up what Ss aregoing to read.PartTwo:Reading&Interacting (l)Step 1 Give Ss some background information about the following:1)SharkWeekShark Week is an annual, week-long TV programming block at the Discovery channel,which, usually beginning in July or early August, features shark-themed programs. Itwas originallydevoted to conservation efforts and correcting misconceptions aboutsharks．《鲨鱼周》是美国有线电视探索频道一年一度、为期一周的以鲨鱼为主题的电视节目，通常于每年7月或8月初播放。其初衷是保护海洋、纠正对鲨鱼的错误观念。2) The TimesThe Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based inLondon, England. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register,3

Foreign Language Department 3 Periods 7-8 Integrated Skills Practicing 注：本单元主课文语言方面无过多难点，讲解时可把重点放在内容的组织和篇 章结构方面。主课文和 Reading 1 的内容都是围绕同一主题：the importance of ocean study，但 Reading 1 更接近于典型的论说文（argumentation）。论说文通 常除提出并阐述作者的某个主张（claim 或 argument）外，一般还要列出支持该 主张的理由，并指出相反主张（counterclaim 或 counterargument）缺乏依据或不 符逻辑。在处理 Reading 1 时，教师可以在做练习前让学生讨论文中的 claim 和 counterclaim 分别是什么，作者列举了哪些理由论证其主张，并如何驳斥相反 的主张。 Part One: Opener ·Warm up to the topic of ocean exploration by having Ss look at the picture in the Opener. Ask them to make a guess at what the giant structure is and what the people in it are doing. ·Have Ss listen to the recording. ·Have Ss answer the questions in pairs. ·Turn to the introduction at the beginning of the unit, which sums up what Ss are going to read. Part Two: Reading & Interacting (1) Step 1 Give Ss some background information about the following: 1) Shark Week Shark Week is an annual, week-long TV programming block at the Discovery channel, which, usually beginning in July or early August, features shark-themed programs. It was originally devoted to conservation efforts and correcting misconceptions about sharks. 《鲨鱼周》是美国有线电视探索频道一年一度、为期一周的以鲨鱼为主 题的电视节目，通常于每年 7 月或 8 月初播放。其初衷是保护海洋、纠正对鲨鱼 的错误观念。 2) The Times The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England. It began in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register

Foreign Language Departmentadopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times is the first newspaper to haveborne that name, and it is also the originator of the widely used Times NewRoman typeface. The Times had an average daily circulation of 446,164 in December2016; An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006.It hasbeen heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availabilityin libraries and its detailed index.Step 2: Give Ss ten minutes to go over the text first.·Have Ss tell what they have learned from the text. If their answers do not adequatelycover the content of the essay, T may ask questions such as:What do you know about the author?What does the author do as an ocean scientist?What was the discovery he and his colleagues made recently?What does the discovery of the second coelacanth specimen mean to oceanexploration?What does the filming of the giant squid mean to ocean exploration?What is the argument the author puts forward?. T may write on the blackboard a few words indicating the scope of the essay'scontent.. On the basis of the foregoing, have Ss discuss and find out the main idea of theessay.. Have Ss complete the exercises in Text Organization. Answer Ss' questions about the language of the essay, if anyReading & Interacting (2).Refresh Ss'memory of the textHave Ss do the Comprehension Check tasks as a way of refreshing what they havelearned from the previous session. Ss may be given a few minutes to consider andwrite down their answers in class. After that T may ask Ss to read aloud the completedparagraphs/sentences. Ss should be encouraged to come up with alternative answers,and T should make comments about whether such alternatives are acceptable or not.4

Foreign Language Department 4 adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, and it is also the originator of the widely used Times New Roman typeface. The Times had an average daily circulation of 446,164 in December 2016; An American edition of The Times has been published since 6 June 2006. It has been heavily used by scholars and researchers because of its widespread availability in libraries and its detailed index. Step 2: Give Ss ten minutes to go over the text first. ·Have Ss tell what they have learned from the text. If their answers do not adequately cover the content of the essay, T may ask questions such as: What do you know about the author? What does the author do as an ocean scientist? What was the discovery he and his colleagues made recently? What does the discovery of the second coelacanth specimen mean to ocean exploration? What does the filming of the giant squid mean to ocean exploration? What is the argument the author puts forward? ·T may write on the blackboard a few words indicating the scope of the essay’s content. ·On the basis of the foregoing, have Ss discuss and find out the main idea of the essay. ·Have Ss complete the exercises in Text Organization. ·Answer Ss’ questions about the language of the essay, if any. Reading & Interacting (2) ·Refresh Ss’ memory of the text Have Ss do the Comprehension Check tasks as a way of refreshing what they have learned from the previous session. Ss may be given a few minutes to consider and write down their answers in class. After that T may ask Ss to read aloud the completed paragraphs/sentences. Ss should be encouraged to come up with alternative answers, and T should make comments about whether such alternatives are acceptable or not

Foreign Language Department: Tackle the key words and expressionsFor each of the words/expressions in the box of Key Words & Expressions inFocusing on Language in Context, T may begin by having Ss find the sentence inthe text which contains the word/expression, and then give at least one more exampleso as to help Ss have a better understanding of how it is used.? Have Ss do the exercises in Focusing on Language in Context.For each exercise in this part, Ss should be given a few minutes to complete thesentences by themselves. After that, T may ask some of them to read out loud theparagraphs/sentences. Ss should be encouraged to come up with alternative answers,and T should comment on the appropriateness of such alternatives.ComprehensivePracticeHave Ss complete the exercises individually first and then compare notes in pairs.After that, invite some of themtoread out loud the completed exercises of Cloze andTranslation, and make comments on them.Part Three: Reading & ComprehendingReading1. Have Ss discuss the following questions:What is the argument the author puts forward in this essay?What are the reasons he gives to support his argument?What is the counterargument and how does the author refute it?Have Ss complete Comprehension Check forReading1.Have Sscomplete theTranslation exercises.Reading 2: Ask Ss to skim the text and answer the questions in Comprehension Check forReading2.Part Four: Integrated Skills PracticingViewing &Listening.Tell Ss something about Sylvia Earle, the speaker in the video clip they are going towatch: Sylvia Earle is an American marine biologist, explorer, author, and lecturer.5

Foreign Language Department 5 ·Tackle the key words and expressions For each of the words/expressions in the box of Key Words & Expressions in Focusing on Language in Context, T may begin by having Ss find the sentence in the text which contains the word/expression, and then give at least one more example so as to help Ss have a better understanding of how it is used. ·Have Ss do the exercises in Focusing on Language in Context. For each exercise in this part, Ss should be given a few minutes to complete the sentences by themselves. After that, T may ask some of them to read out loud the paragraphs/sentences. Ss should be encouraged to come up with alternative answers, and T should comment on the appropriateness of such alternatives. ·Comprehensive Practice Have Ss complete the exercises individually first and then compare notes in pairs. After that, invite some of them to read out loud the completed exercises of Cloze and Translation, and make comments on them. Part Three: Reading & Comprehending Reading 1 ·Have Ss discuss the following questions: What is the argument the author puts forward in this essay? What are the reasons he gives to support his argument? What is the counterargument and how does the author refute it? Have Ss complete Comprehension Check for Reading 1. ·Have Ss complete the Translation exercises. Reading 2 ·Ask Ss to skim the text and answer the questions in Comprehension Check for Reading 2. Part Four: Integrated Skills Practicing Viewing & Listening ·Tell Ss something about Sylvia Earle, the speaker in the video clip they are going to watch: Sylvia Earle is an American marine biologist, explorer, author, and lecturer

Foreign LanguageDepartmentShehasbeenaNationalGeographicexplorer-in-residence（美国国家地理学会长期聘用的探险家）since1998：Shewasthefirstfemalechief scientistof theU.S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration..Play thevideo clip once. Make sure that Ss get the humor of the speaker by asking what she means by “lifesupport system",“world bank", “no blue, no green",“I hope that someday we willfind evidence that there is intelligent life among humans on this planet". If necessary,let Ss view the first part of the video (the first four paragraphs of the speech) again? Ask Ss to fill in the blanks according to what they have heard.· Play the relevant parts of the video clip again and ask Ss to check their answers.Speaking. Explain the task by referring to the instructions.. Have Ss form groups of 5 or 6, in each of which two should play the part of BPexecutives and the others, reporters..Have Ss compose statements, questions or answers according to their respectiveroles..HaveSs role play thepress conference.. Invite at least one group to role play it before the class.Writing·Pre-writediscussion:theimportanceof theoceansandoceanexploration.（课程思政)Have Ss discuss the topic and share opinions in groups of 4 or 5. Then invite someof the Ss to tell the group opinion.. Explain to Ss how to develop a piece of argumentation by using Reading I as anexample. In Reading I, the claim/argument appears in Para. 3: “Actually, there arevery good reasons to stop spending billions of dollars on manned space missions, toexplore space in ways that are safer and much less costly, and to grant much higherpriority to other scientific and engineering mega-projects, the oceans in particular.This claim/argument is stated again in the last paragraph as a conclusion: “In short, donot cry for Mars. It is not going away. We can send R2D2 to explore it and still keep a5

Foreign Language Department 6 She has been a National Geographic explorer-in-residence（美国国家地理学会长期 聘 用 的 探 险 家 ） since 1998 ． She was the first female chief scientist of the U．S．National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ·Play the video clip once. ·Make sure that Ss get the humor of the speaker by asking what she means by “life support system”, “world bank”, “no blue, no green”, “I hope that someday we will find evidence that there is intelligent life among humans on this planet”. If necessary, let Ss view the first part of the video (the first four paragraphs of the speech) again. ·Ask Ss to fill in the blanks according to what they have heard. ·Play the relevant parts of the video clip again and ask Ss to check their answers. Speaking ·Explain the task by referring to the instructions. ·Have Ss form groups of 5 or 6, in each of which two should play the part of BP executives and the others, reporters. ·Have Ss compose statements, questions or answers according to their respective roles. ·Have Ss role play the press conference. ·Invite at least one group to role play it before the class. Writing ·Pre-write discussion: the importance of the oceans and ocean exploration. (课程思 政) Have Ss discuss the topic and share opinions in groups of 4 or 5. Then invite some of the Ss to tell the group opinion. ·Explain to Ss how to develop a piece of argumentation by using Reading I as an example. In Reading I, the claim/argument appears in Para. 3: “Actually, there are very good reasons to stop spending billions of dollars on manned space missions, to explore space in ways that are safer and much less costly, and to grant much higher priority to other scientific and engineering mega-projects, the oceans in particular.” This claim/argument is stated again in the last paragraph as a conclusion: “In short, do not cry for Mars. It is not going away. We can send R2D2 to explore it and still keep a

ForeignLanguageDepartmentwhole pile of dough for important and inspiring exploration missions right here onEarth, starting at the beach nearest you." Some of the reasons used to support theclaim/argument are: space exploration, especially manned flights, are too costly, wehave not yet learned how to use the oceans to control global warming, oceanorganisms may hold the promise of cures for human diseases; desalination of oceanwater may help ease the problem of water scarcity; oceans may provide new sourcesof energy, materials and technologies spun off from space exploration may not beuseful on Earth, finding organic materials, not civilizations, on other planets doesn'tjustifythehuge public expenditure.· Give Ss 20-30 minutes to write a short piece of argumentation, in which reasonsshould be given to support the argument/claim that more money should be put onocean studies.The reasons may include the importance of ocean study, theunsatisfactory state of ocean study at present, etc.7

Foreign Language Department 7 whole pile of dough for important and inspiring exploration missions right here on Earth, starting at the beach nearest you.” Some of the reasons used to support the claim/argument are: space exploration, especially manned flights, are too costly; we have not yet learned how to use the oceans to control global warming; ocean organisms may hold the promise of cures for human diseases; desalination of ocean water may help ease the problem of water scarcity; oceans may provide new sources of energy; materials and technologies spun off from space exploration may not be useful on Earth; finding organic materials, not civilizations, on other planets doesn’t justify the huge public expenditure. ·Give Ss 20-30 minutes to write a short piece of argumentation, in which reasons should be given to support the argument/claim that more money should be put on ocean studies. The reasons may include the importance of ocean study, the unsatisfactory state of ocean study at present, etc

ForeignLanguageDepartmentChapterUnit 2China in TransitionUpon completion of this unit, teachers are expected tohaveenabled studentsto: have a thorough understanding of the textcontextually and linguistically, build up an active vocabulary to talk about thevarious aspects of the transition China is undergoingand know how to use the key words and expressionsTeaching Objectivein context properly, further appreciate the importance of innovation toChina in transition; take part in a discussion on various aspects of thetransition China is undergoing and have positiveviewsofwhatishappeninginChina；（课程思政） write an essay on why China has advanced rapidlyininnovationExpanding their vocabulary about progress andTeaching Focusinnovation and know howto use the key words andexpressionsincontextproperlyTalking about various aspects of the transition ChinaTeaching Difficultyis undergoing and appreciate the importance ofinnovationtoChinaintransition12lessonsTeaching DurationThrough teacher's explanation and asking questions,students can understand the text well. For word studyTeaching Methodteacherswill providestudentswith situation.WiththehelpofPPT.Write an essay on why China has advanced rapidly inAssignmentinnovationSuggested Teaching ProcessThis unit is designed for eight periods of classroom activities. In each of the periods,certain tasks are to be completed. Generally speaking, there may be several alternativeways to explore this unit. Here is a suggested teaching plan.Periods 1-2Opener&Reading&Interacting (1)1Periods 3-4 Reading & Interacting (2)

Foreign Language Department 8 Chapter Unit 2 China in Transition Teaching Objective Upon completion of this unit, teachers are expected to have enabled students to: ■ have a thorough understanding of the text contextually and linguistically; ■ build up an active vocabulary to talk about the various aspects of the transition China is undergoing and know how to use the key words and expressions in context properly; ■ further appreciate the importance of innovation to China in transition; ■ take part in a discussion on various aspects of the transition China is undergoing and have positive views of what is happening in China;（课程思政） ■ write an essay on why China has advanced rapidly in innovation. Teaching Focus Expanding their vocabulary about progress and innovation and know how to use the key words and expressions in context properly. Teaching Difficulty Talking about various aspects of the transition China is undergoing and appreciate the importance of innovation to China in transition. Teaching Duration 12 lessons Teaching Method Through teacher’s explanation and asking questions, students can understand the text well. For word study, teachers will provide students with situation. With the help of PPT. Assignment Write an essay on why China has advanced rapidly in innovation. Suggested Teaching Process This unit is designed for eight periods of classroom activities. In each of the periods, certain tasks are to be completed. Generally speaking, there may be several alternative ways to explore this unit. Here is a suggested teaching plan. Periods 1-2 Opener & Reading & Interacting (1) Periods 3-4 Reading & Interacting (2)

Foreign LanguageDepartmentPeriods 5-6Reading2, Integrated Skills Practicing (Viewing&Listening)Periods 7-8Reading 1, Integrated Skills Practicing (Speaking &Writing)注:Reading2和Viewing&Listening一起处理，是因为两者的主题都是转型中的中国农业。Viewing&Listening练习设计为针对视频内容写总结，总结的结构则可供Writing参考。Part One: Opener. Tell Ss the indicators show China's overall strength in economic output,competitiveness and innovation capabilities.·Ask Ssto work in pairs tofind theproper Chinese translation and meanings of theseindicators,and then describethechangesto eachother.. For each of the indicators in the table, ask one team to explain what it measures inclass. Since these terms are rather specific, it's OK if Ss give partial answers. Refer toKeytoExercisesforrelativelycomprehensivedefinitions.. Have Ss discuss on China's technological advancements and other achievementsChina has accomplished in areas such as education, healthcare, space exploration, orcultural influence, and their impact on both China and the global community. T guidesSs to talk in a positive way so that they can have positive views of what is happeninginChina；（课程思政）Before moving on to Reading & Interacting, tell Ss there is more informationon China's Global Innovation Index rankings in Integrated Skills Practicing(Writing).PartTwo:Reading&InteractingStep1Give Ss some background information about thefollowing1)“DesignedinChina":A phrase that reflects China's shift from being primarily known as a globalmanufacturing base to becoming a center of innovation and creative design. Fordecades, the label "Made in China" was associated with mass production and low-cost9

Foreign Language Department 9 Periods 5-6 Reading 2, Integrated Skills Practicing (Viewing & Listening) Periods 7-8 Reading 1, Integrated Skills Practicing (Speaking & Writing) 注:Reading 2 和 Viewing & Listening 一起处理，是因为两者的主题都是转型中的 中国农业。Viewing & Listening 练习设计为针对视频内容写总结，总结的结构则 可供 Writing 参考。 Part One: Opener · Tell Ss the indicators show China’s overall strength in economic output, competitiveness and innovation capabilities. ·Ask Ss to work in pairs to find the proper Chinese translation and meanings of these indicators, and then describe the changes to each other. ·For each of the indicators in the table, ask one team to explain what it measures in class. Since these terms are rather specific, it’s OK if Ss give partial answers. Refer to Key to Exercises for relatively comprehensive definitions. ·Have Ss discuss on China’s technological advancements and other achievements China has accomplished in areas such as education, healthcare, space exploration, or cultural influence, and their impact on both China and the global community. T guides Ss to talk in a positive way so that they can have positive views of what is happening in China;（课程思政） • Before moving on to Reading & Interacting, tell Ss there is more information on China’s Global Innovation Index rankings in Integrated Skills Practicing (Writing). Part Two: Reading & Interacting Step 1 Give Ss some background information about the following: 1）“Designed in China”： A phrase that reflects China’s shift from being primarily known as a global manufacturing base to becoming a center of innovation and creative design. For decades, the label “Made in China” was associated with mass production and low-cost

Foreign Language Departmentmanufacturing.However, in recent years, China has made significant strides ininnovation, quality, and design. It reflects the country's ambitions to be recognized asa source of original, high-quality, and innovative products.“中国创造”这一词语反映了中国从主要被视为全球制造基地，向创新与创意设计中心转型的变化。几十年来，“中国制造”这个标签一直与大规模生产和低成本制造联系在一起。然而，近年来，中国在创新、质量和设计方面取得了显著进展。“中国创造”反映了中国希望被认可为原创、高质量、创新产品来源国的雄心。2) Zhongguancun:A major technology hub located in the Haidian District of Beijing. Often referred to asthe“Silicon Valley of China,Zhongguancun is recognized as the birthplace ofChina's modern high-tech industry and innovation ecosystem.Originally anelectronics market in the 1980s, it has evolved into a central area for research,technology,and entrepreneurship.中关村是位于北京市海淀区的一个重要科技中心，常被称为“中国的硅谷”，被公认为中国现代高科技产业和创新生态系统的发源地。中关村最初是20世纪80年代的一个电子市场，但如今已发展成为研究、技术和创业的核心区域。3) UnicornA mythical, usually white animal with the body and head of a horse, long flowingmane and a single often spiraled horn in the middle of the forehead. In business, aunicorn is a privately held startup company valued at over USs1 billion. The term wasfirst used to represent the statistical rarity of such successful ventures in 2013独角兽是一种神话动物，形如马，身披长，额前有一个螺旋角。在商业领域，独角兽指估值在10亿美元以上的私有初创公司。2013年，独角兽首次用于描述这种成功企业在统计学上的罕见性。4) Venture capital (VC)A type of financing investors provide to startup companies and small businesses thatare believed to have long-term growth potential in return for equity. Venture capitalgenerally comes from well-off investors, investment banks, and other financialinstitutions. Although it can be risky for investors who put up funds, the potential for10

Foreign Language Department 10 manufacturing. However, in recent years, China has made significant strides in innovation, quality, and design. It reflects the country’s ambitions to be recognized as a source of original, high-quality, and innovative products. “中国创造”这一词语反映了中国从主要被视为全球制造基地，向创新与创意设 计中心转型的变化。几十年来，“中国制造”这个标签一直与大规模生产和低成 本制造联系在一起。然而，近年来，中国在创新、质量和设计方面取得了显著进 展。“中国创造”反映了中国希望被认可为原创、高质量、创新产品来源国的雄 心。 2）Zhongguancun： A major technology hub located in the Haidian District of Beijing. Often referred to as the “Silicon Valley of China,” Zhongguancun is recognized as the birthplace of China’s modern high-tech industry and innovation ecosystem. Originally an electronics market in the 1980s, it has evolved into a central area for research, technology, and entrepreneurship. 中关村是位于北京市海淀区的一个重要科技中心，常被称为“中国的硅谷”，被 公认为中国现代高科技产业和创新生态系统的发源地。中关村最初是 20 世纪 80 年代的一个电子市场，但如今已发展成为研究、技术和创业的核心区域。 3) Unicorn A mythical, usually white animal with the body and head of a horse, long flowing mane and a single often spiraled horn in the middle of the forehead. In business, a unicorn is a privately held startup company valued at over US$1 billion. The term was first used to represent the statistical rarity of such successful ventures in 2013. 独角兽是一种神话动物，形如马，身披长鬃，额前有一个螺旋角。在商业领域， 独角兽指估值在 10 亿美元以上的私有初创公司。2013 年，独角兽首次用于描述 这种成功企业在统计学上的罕见性。 4) Venture capital (VC) A type of financing investors provide to startup companies and small businesses that are believed to have long-term growth potential in return for equity. Venture capital generally comes from well-off investors, investment banks, and other financial institutions. Although it can be risky for investors who put up funds, the potential for