上海交通大学：《英语写作 English Writing》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Lecture 8 Methods of Development（1/2）Argumentation

Methods of Development(1) LLecture B Argumentation

Methods of Development(1) Lecture 8 Argumentation

Methods of development description narration:story-telling exposition: comparison and contrast;cause-effect; definition;classification;process;etc. *argumentation

Methods of development v description v narration: story-telling v exposition: comparison and contrast; cause-effect; definition; classification; process; etc. v argumentation

Dutline 1.Objectives of Lecture 8. 2.What is an argumentative essay? 3.Developing strong thesis statement 4.Evidence used in an argumentative essay 5.Elements in an argumentative essay 6.Example argumentative essay study

Outline 1. Objectives of Lecture 8. 2. What is an argumentative essay? 3. Developing strong thesis statement. 4. Evidence used in an argumentative essay. 5. Elements in an argumentative essay. 6. Example argumentative essay study

Obiectives 1)To learn how to write an argumentative essay. 2)To know the important considerations in writing an argumentative essay

Objectives 1) To learn how to write an argumentative essay. 2) To know the important considerations in writing an argumentative essay

1.What is an argumentative essay? In an argumentative essay,the writer tries to persuade/convince the reader of the validity of his or her opinion

1. What is an argumentative essay? In an argumentative essay, the writer tries to persuade/convince the reader of the validity of his or her opinion

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2.he basic partsΦfan argument 1)an issue 2)a claim 3)support 4)refutation/rebuttal

2. The basic parts of an argument 1) an issue 2) a claim 3) support 4) refutation/rebuttal

The issue:a controversy,a problem,or an idea about which people disagree and hold different points of view. e.g.whether community service should be mandatory for high school graduation; whether wearing school uniform should be mandatory for high school students; whether drugs such as marijuana should not be legalized;

v The issue: a controversy, a problem, or an idea about which people disagree and hold different points of view. e.g. whether community service should be mandatory for high school graduation; whether wearing school uniform should be mandatory for high school students; whether drugs such as marijuana should not be legalized;

The claim:the point the writer tries to prove about the issue,usually the writer's view on the issue. e.g.the death penalty is never right; the death penalty is always right; the death penalty is the right choice under certain circumstances;

v The claim: the point the writer tries to prove about the issue, usually the writer’s view on the issue. e.g. the death penalty is never right; the death penalty is always right; the death penalty is the right choice under certain circumstances;

A debatable claim Compare: a)Pollution is bad for the environment b)At least twenty-five percent of the federal budget should be spent on limiting pollution c)China's anti-pollution efforts should focus on privately owned cars

A debatable claim Compare: a) Pollution is bad for the environment. b) At least twenty-five percent of the federal budget should be spent on limiting pollution. c) China’s anti-pollution efforts should focus on privately owned cars