上海交通大学：《英语写作 English Writing》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Lecture 9 Methods of development（2/2）

Lecture 9 Methods of Development(2) Narration ■Description Illustration/example Comparison/contrast Classification ■Cause-effect Definition

Lecture 9 Methods of Development(2) n Narration n Description n Illustration/example n Comparison/contrast n Classification n Cause-effect n Definition

Narration ■Narration is a story. -A narrative relates what happened. Not all narratives are stories about people. Since a narrative is a sequence of events, it can also be a historical account or a scientific process. What are its features?

Narration n Narration is a story. n A narrative relates what happened. n Not all narratives are stories about people. Since a narrative is a sequence of events, it can also be a historical account or a scientific process. n What are its features?

Features of narration 1)have a lot of specific details; 2)details are arranged so that you can follow them easily; 3)make a point or have a purpose

n Features of narration 1) have a lot of specific details; 2) details are arranged so that you can follow them easily; 3) make a point or have a purpose

Description Description is the vivid images of what happened. enable readers to share the writers' experiences to see what they saw,hear what they heard,and feel what they felt. What are the features of description?

Description n Description is the vivid images of what happened. n enable readers to share the writers’ experiences – to see what they saw, hear what they heard, and feel what they felt. n What are the features of description?

Features of description 1)detailed; 2)details include factual as well as sensory ones; 3)writers not rely exclusively on visual details. 4)details are arranged in a certain order. 5)description is used to support a main idea

n Features of description 1) detailed; 2) details include factual as well as sensory ones; 3) writers not rely exclusively on visual details. 4) details are arranged in a certain order. 5) description is used to support a main idea

Illustration/example Illustration/example gives readers specific instances of a general statement/idea. What are the features of illustration/example?

Illustration/example n Illustration/example gives readers specific instances of a general statement/idea. n What are the features of illustration/example?

Features of illustration/example 1)examples are arranged according to a certain order; -2)examples are used to advance/support a point; 3)rather than a series of examples,you can also use a single extended example to illustrate a point.An extended example is often a brief narration or a description

n Features of illustration/example n 1) examples are arranged according to a certain order; n 2) examples are used to advance/support a point; n 3) rather than a series of examples, you can also use a single extended example to illustrate a point. An extended example is often a brief narration or a description

Comparison/contrast Comparing/contrasting sth that is unfamiliar with sth that is familiar. What are its features?

Comparison/contrast n Comparing/contrasting sth that is unfamiliar with sth that is familiar. n What are its features?

Features of comparison/contrast 1)methods of comparing/contrasting a.block method b.point by point method 2)using synonyms and antonyms

n Features of comparison/contrast n 1) methods of comparing/contrasting a. block method b. point by point method 2) using synonyms and antonyms

Culture shock (a student essay) Another observation I made involved my professors.In my country,the professor helped students understand the lesson.If a student didn't understand it,the professor would help with the basics after class.Also, the teacher talked with the students'parents about how the student was doing in class.In this country,professors are very nice but tend to keep their distance

Culture shock (a student essay) Another observation I made involved my professors. In my country, the professor helped students understand the lesson. If a student didn’t understand it, the professor would help with the basics after class. Also, the teacher talked with the students’ parents about how the student was doing in class. In this country, professors are very nice but tend to keep their distance