上海交通大学：《英语写作 English Writing》课程教学资源（PPT课件讲稿）Lecture 6 Introduction to Essay Development

Lecture 6 Introduction to Essay Development

Lecture 6 Introduction to Essay Development

Outline 1.Objectives of this lecture 2.What is an essay? 3.Patterns of essay development 4.Structure of an essay 5.Important considerations in essay development

Outline 1. Objectives of this lecture 2. What is an essay? 3. Patterns of essay development 4. Structure of an essay 5. Important considerations in essay development

1.Objectives 1)to know what an essay means; 2)to know the typical patterns of essay development; 3)to know the structure of an essay; 4)to know the important considerations in essay development

1. Objectives v 1) to know what an essay means; v 2) to know the typical patterns of essay development; v 3) to know the structure of an essay; v 4) to know the important considerations in essay development

2.What is an essay? An essay: 1)is a short collection of paragraphs 2)presents facts,opinions,and ideas on a topic. Features of an essay 1)length:usually three to ten paragraphs. 2)unity:each paragraph discusses one idea,often stated in the topic sentence of the paragraph.This idea is related to the topic of the whole essay

2. What is an essay? An essay: 1) is a short collection of paragraphs 2) presents facts, opinions, and ideas on a topic. Features of an essay 1) length: usually three to ten paragraphs. 2) unity: each paragraph discusses one idea, often stated in the topic sentence of the paragraph. This idea is related to the topic of the whole essay

3.Patterns of typical essay development Traditionally,essay writing has been divided into the following patterns of development: 1)Description:a verbal picture of a person,place,or thing. 2)Narration:a story of something that happened. 3)Exposition:provide information about and explain a particular subject. a.Examples b.Process c.Cause and effect d.Comparison and contrast e.Definition f.Division and classification 4)Argumentation:support a controversial point or defend a position on which there is a difference of opinion

3. Patterns of typical essay development v Traditionally, essay writing has been divided into the following patterns of development: v 1) Description: a verbal picture of a person, place, or thing. v 2) Narration: a story of something that happened. v 3) Exposition: provide information about and explain a particular subject. a. Examples b. Process c. Cause and effect d. Comparison and contrast e. Definition f. Division and classification v 4) Argumentation: support a controversial point or defend a position on which there is a difference of opinion

4.Structure of an essay Please refer to the sample essay

4. Structure of an essay v Please refer to the sample essay

1)Introductory Paragraph a.hook:start with several sentences that attract the reader's interest. b.thesis:advance the central idea,or thesis,that will be developed in the essay.The thesis often includes a plan of development-a preview of the major points that will support the thesis.These supporting points should be listed in the order in which they will appear in the essay.In some cases,the plan of development is presented in a sentence separate from the thesis;in other cases,it is omitted. c.connecting information:bridge the gap between hook and thesis. The introductory paragraph serves as the "movie trailer"for the actual“film

v 1) Introductory Paragraph a. hook: start with several sentences that attract the reader's interest. b. thesis: advance the central idea, or thesis, that will be developed in the essay. The thesis often includes a plan of development—a preview of the major points that will support the thesis. These supporting points should be listed in the order in which they will appear in the essay. In some cases, the plan of development is presented in a sentence separate from the thesis; in other cases, it is omitted. c. connecting information: bridge the gap between hook and thesis. v The introductory paragraph serves as the “movie trailer” for the actual “film

Activity 1 Compare with Russel's essay "What I have lived for

Activity 1 Compare with Russel’s essay “What I have lived for

2)Body:Supporting Paragraphs Most essays have three supporting points, developed at length over three separate paragraphs. (Some essays have two supporting points,others four or more.)Each of the supporting paragraphs should begin with a topic sentence that states the point to be detailed in that paragraph. Just as a thesis provides a focus for an entire essay, a topic sentence provides a focus for a supporting paragraph

v 2）Body: Supporting Paragraphs Most essays have three supporting points, developed at length over three separate paragraphs. (Some essays have two supporting points, others four or more.) Each of the supporting paragraphs should begin with a topic sentence that states the point to be detailed in that paragraph. Just as a thesis provides a focus for an entire essay, a topic sentence provides a focus for a supporting paragraph

Activity 2 Compare with Russel's essay "What I have lived for

Activity 2 Compare with Russel’s essay “What I have lived for