《微生物学 Microbiology》课程PPT教学课件（英文版）functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 1/2

Chapter 4,part A Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings B.E Pruitt & Jane J. Stein Chapter 4, part A Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells 。 Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for prenucleus. Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for true nucleus

Prokaryotic Cells • Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells • Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for prenucleus. • Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for true nucleus

Prokaryote Eukaryote One circular 。Paired chromosome,not in chromosomes,in a membrane nuclear membrane 。No histones 。Histones 。No organelles ·Organelles ·Peptidoglycan cell ·Polysaccharide cell walls walls ·Binary fission 。Mitotic spindle

• One circular chromosome, not in a membrane • No histones • No organelles • Peptidoglycan cell walls • Binary fission Prokaryote Eukaryote • Paired chromosomes, in nuclear membrane • Histones • Organelles • Polysaccharide cell walls • Mitotic spindle

。Average size:0.2-1.0μm×2-8μm 。Basic shapes:

• Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm  2 - 8 µm • Basic shapes:

Unusual shapes ·Star-shaped Stella ·Square Haloarcula Most bacteria are monomorphic 。A few are pleomorphic (a)Star-shaped bacteria (b)Rectangular bacteria Figure 4.5

• Unusual shapes • Star-shaped Stella • Square Haloarcula • Most bacteria are monomorphic • A few are pleomorphic Figure 4.5

Arrangements 。Pairs:diplococci,. diplobacilli 。Clusters: staphylococci 。Chains: streptococci, streptobacilli

• Pairs: diplococci, diplobacilli • Clusters: staphylococci • Chains: streptococci, streptobacilli Arrangements

Glycocalyx 。Outside cell wall 。Usually sticky 。A capsule is neatly organized 。A slime layer is unorganized loose (a 。Extracellular polysaccharide allows cell to attach Capsules prevent phagocytosis Figure 4.6a,b

• Outside cell wall • Usually sticky • A capsule is neatly organized • A slime layer is unorganized & loose • Extracellular polysaccharide allows cell to attach • Capsules prevent phagocytosis Glycocalyx Figure 4.6a, b

Flagella Flagellum 。Outside cell wall Filament 。Made of chains of flagellin 。Attached to a protein -Hook hook Cell wall Basal body Peptidoglycan 。Anchored to the wall Outer membrane and membrane by the basal body Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Figure 4.8

• Outside cell wall • Made of chains of flagellin • Attached to a protein hook • Anchored to the wall and membrane by the basal body Flagella Figure 4.8

Flagella Arrangement 人 (a)Monotrichous (b)Amphitrichous (c)Lophotrichous (d)Peritrichous Figure 4.7

Flagella Arrangement Figure 4.7

Flagellum Filament Hook Cell wall Basal body Peptidoglycan Outer membrane Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Figure 4.8

Figure 4.8